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Confined (or buried) aquifers overlain by till confining units are used to supply drinking water to millions of people. Till confining units are typically conceptualized as having very low potential for transmitting water. Thus, buried aquifers are thought to be less susceptible to surface contamination, but may recharge very slowly and may be prone to unsustainable groundwater withdrawals. Quantification of the recharge (leakage) rate through till is essential to understanding the long-term sustainability of groundwater withdrawals from buried aquifers and yet few data exist on the hydraulic properties of till and groundwater flux through till. The information contained in this data release is generated from field...
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This model archive makes available the Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model (Westenbroek and others, 2010) and input data used to estimate the potential amount of annual groundwater recharge to the Long Island aquifer system from 1900 to 2019 as described in U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021-5143. Input data for two SWB simulations are included in the archive. The first simulation uses existing land-use/land-cover datasets to estimate changes in recharge with changing land use from 1900-2019 (referred to as the post-development simulation). The second simulation assumed a forested, undeveloped (pre-development simulation) condition across Long Island for the same period. The same soil coverages...
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The USGS Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) Model was applied to 644 basins as defined at the level of an 8-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC). Support scripts, model inputs, and model outputs are provided in this archive.
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This model archive makes available the U.S. Geological Survey Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model created in support of a groundwater flow model of the former Badger Army Ammunition Plant in Sauk County, Wisconsin. The SWB model provides initial estimates of potential recharge to the groundwater system in the study area, which are used in a calibrated 3-dimensional MODFLOW (modular finite-difference flow) model. The SWB and MODFLOW models run from 1980 to 2020. The model incorporates changing land use, and changes reflecting the decomissioning of the plant (changing urban back to non-urbanized). SWB output is broken up into 50 model timesteps for the MODFLOW model.
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This model archive makes available the calibrated Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model used to simulate potential recharge for the Mississippi Alluvial Aquifer for 1915 to 2018. The model was calibrated using monthly values of evapotranspiration and annual values of runoff and recharge for 19 drainage basins selected from within or nearby the Mississippi Alluvial Aquifer system. The calibrated SWB model and its use are described in the associated U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021-1008. The model was used to create output at two different scales: 1,609-meter and 1,000-meter grid cells. Also included are files used to generate a high-resolution (100-meter) subset of output for an area near Shellmound, Mississippi....
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This model archive makes available the calibrated Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model used to simulate potential recharge for the State of Maine for 1991 to 2015. The model was calibrated using annual values of runoff, evapotranspiration, and recharge for 32 watersheds in the State. The simulations were used to create 25-year statistical grids of annual potential recharge (mean, median, minimum, and maximum), and the uncertainty around these grids. The calibrated SWB model and its use is described in the associated U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019-5125. The Maine SWB model was used to create output at two different scales: 250-meter and 500-meter grid cells. The calibration and uncertainty...
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This shapefile represents the spatial distribution of mean annual water-budget components, in inches, for the Island of Oahu, Hawaii. The water-budget components in the shapefile were computed by a water-budget model for a scenario representative of predevelopment conditions (1978–2007 rainfall and 1870 land cover), as described in USGS Scientific Investigations Report (USGS SIR) 2015-5164. The model was developed for estimating groundwater recharge and other water-budget components for each subarea of the model. The model-subarea dataset, consisting of 441,315 subareas (polygons), was generated using Esri ArcGIS software by intersecting (merging) multiple spatial datasets. Spatial datasets merged include those...
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This shapefile represents the spatial distribution of mean annual water-budget components, in inches, for the Island of Kauai, Hawaii. The water-budget components in the shapefile were computed by a water-budget model for a scenario representative of recent conditions (1978–2007 rainfall and 2010 land cover), as described in USGS Scientific Investigations Report (SIR) 2015-5164. The model was developed for estimating groundwater recharge and other water-budget components for each subarea of the model. The model-subarea data set, consisting of 400,714 subareas (polygons), was generated using Esri ArcGIS software by intersecting (merging) multiple spatial data sets. Spatial datasets merged include those that characterize...
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This item provides a complete model archive for an application of the Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model code to simulate water budget components of the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System (MERAS) during the period 2000 to 2020. All necessary data, model code, and model input files are provided so the simulations can be recreated. Gridded model outputs that were the basis for the primary publication are also provided. Gridded daily data (1 kilometer resolution) include net infiltration (groundwater recharge), rejected net infiltration, runoff, irrigation, actual evapotranspiration and gross precipitation Simulations were done with the USGS SWB model (version 2; Westenbroek and others, 2018). The precipitation...
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Child item RCP_4_5 contains 32 forecasted climate model outputs. Outputs for each climate model scenario are housed in a zipped folder named after the respective climate scenario. Each zipped folder contains ten files: actual_et__2019-01-01_to_2055-12-31__989_by_661.nc, gross_precipitation__2019-01-01_to_2055-12-31__989_by_661.nc, interception__2019-01-01_to_2055-12-31__989_by_661.nc, irrigation__2019-01-01_to_2055-12-31__989_by_661.nc, net_infiltration__2019-01-01_to_2055-12-31__989_by_661.nc, rejected_net_infiltration__2019-01-01_to_2055-12-31__989_by_661.nc, runoff__2019-01-01_to_2055-12-31__989_by_661.nc, runoff_outside__2019-01-01_to_2055-12-31__989_by_661.nc, tmax__2019-01-01_to_2055-12-31__989_by_661.nc,...
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This shapefile represents the spatial distribution of mean annual water-budget components, in inches, for the Island of Maui, Hawaii. The water-budget components in the shapefile were computed by a water-budget model for a scenario representative of current conditions (2001-10 rainfall and 2001-10 land cover), as described in USGS Scientific Investigations Report (USGS SIR) 2015-5164. The model was developed for estimating groundwater recharge and other water-budget components for each subarea of the model. The model-subarea dataset, consisting of 318,429 subareas (polygons), was generated using Esri ArcGIS software by intersecting (merging) multiple spatial datasets. Spatial datasets merged include those that characterize...
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This shapefile represents the spatial distribution of mean annual water-budget components, in inches, for the Island of Maui, Hawaii. The water-budget components in the shapefile were computed by a water-budget model for a scenario representative of predevelopment conditions (1978–2007 rainfall and 1870 land cover), as described in USGS Scientific Investigations Report (SIR) 2015-5164. The model was developed for estimating groundwater recharge and other water-budget components for each subarea of the model. The model-subarea dataset, consisting of 318,429 subareas (polygons), was generated using Esri ArcGIS software by intersecting (merging) multiple spatial datasets. Spatial datasets merged include those that...
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This item provides Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model output and a model archive of water budget simulations for the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System (MERAS) during the period 2000 to 2020. Gridded daily data (1 kilometer resolution) include net infiltration (groundwater recharge), rejected net infiltration, runoff, irrigation, actual evapotranspiration and gross precipitation The model output files are in netcdf format and all water budget components are in inches. The net infiltration, rejected net infiltration, runoff, irrigation, and actual evapotranspiration data sets are from simulations done with the USGS SWB model (version 2; Westenbroek and others, 2018). The precipitation and temperature data...
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This data release provides 64 forecasted water budget simulations for the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System (MERAS) during the period 2019 to 2055. Gridded daily data (1-kilometer resolution) include net infiltration (potential groundwater recharge), rejected net infiltration, interception, runoff, runoff outside (runoff that cannot be routed downslope), irrigation, actual evapotranspiration, minimum and maximum temperatures, and gross precipitation. The gridded representations of water budget components are output from USGS Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model (Nielsen and Westenbroek, 2023; Westenbroek and Nielsen, 2023) simulations in netcdf4 format, and all water budget components are in inches. The precipitation,...
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This model archive contains the Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model used to simulate potential mean annual recharge in the Grand Canyon region for 1981 through 2016. The simulated results are described in the associated U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2022-5037. The model archive includes all the necessary files to document and run the SWB model and process the results as displayed in the accompanying report. The directories in the archive are presented each as a separate .zip file and include an "ancillary" directory, a "bin" directory, a "georef" directory, a "model directory, an "output" directory, and a "source" directory. There is a README file describing all the files and directories in...
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This shapefile represents the spatial distribution of mean annual water-budget components, in inches, for the Island of Oahu, Hawaii. The water-budget components in the shapefile were computed by a water-budget model for a scenario representative of current conditions (2001-10 rainfall and 2001-10 land cover), as described in USGS Scientific Investigations Report (USGS SIR) 2015-5164. The model was developed for estimating groundwater recharge and other water-budget components for each subarea of the model. The model-subarea dataset, consisting of 395,955 subareas (polygons), was generated using Esri ArcGIS software by intersecting (merging) multiple spatial datasets. Spatial datasets merged include those that characterize...
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This geospatial data set contains groundwater level contours, well locations, and associated metadata that characterize the potentiometric surface near the Rondout pressure-tunnel in High Falls, New York during November 5–7, 2019, and January 21–22, 2020. The pressure tunnel was shut down and partially dewatered for 74 days from November 11, 2019, to January 23, 2020, for inspection and repairs.
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This item provides water budget simulations for the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System (MERAS) during the period 2000 to 2020. Gridded daily data (1 kilometer resolution) include net infiltration (groundwater recharge), rejected net infiltration, runoff, irrigation, actual evapotranspiration and gross precipitation The model output files are in netcdf4 format and all water budget components are in inches. The net infiltration, rejected net infiltration, runoff, irrigation, and actual evapotranspiration data sets are from simulations done with the USGS SWB model (version 2; Westenbroek and others, 2018). The precipitation and temperature data used as input for the SWB model application are derived from...
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This data release includes four sets of gridded annual net infiltration (groundwater recharge) and irrigation water use data sets for the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System (MERAS).Also included are gridded water balance component data sets of precipitation, runoff, actual evapotranspiration, and soil-water storage for 2000 to 2018. The net infiltration, irrigation, runoff, actual evapotranspiration, and soil-water storage data sets are outputs from simulations done with the USGS Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model (version 2; Westenbroek and others, 2018). The precipitation data was used as input for the SWB model application and is derived from DayMet version 3 (Thornton and others, 2018) and Livneh and...
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This data release contains the output from a Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model (Westenbroek and others, 2010), used to estimate potential recharge to the Long Island regional aquifer system from 1900-2019. Output data for two SWB simulations are included. The first simulation uses available land-use/land-cover datasets to estimate recharge with changing land use from 1900-2019 (referred to as the post-development simulation). The second simulation assumed a forested, undeveloped (predevelopment simulation) condition across Long Island for the same period. The same soil coverages and time-series climate data were used throughout both simulations. Potential recharge was spatially distributed as gridded output across...


map background search result map search result map Mean annual water-budget components for the Island of Maui, Hawaii, for predevelopment conditions, 1978–2007 rainfall and 1870 land cover (version 2.0) Mean annual water-budget components for the Island of Maui, Hawaii, for current conditions, 2001-10 rainfall and 2001-10 land cover (version 2.0) Mean annual water-budget components for the Island of Oahu, Hawaii, for current conditions, 2001-10 rainfall and 2001-10 land cover (ver. 2.0) Mean annual water-budget components for the Island of Oahu, Hawaii, for predevelopment conditions, 1978-2007 rainfall and 1870 land cover (ver. 2.0) Mean annual water-budget components for the Island of Kauai, Hawaii, for recent conditions, 1978-2007 rainfall and 2010 land cover (ver. 2.0) Soil-Water-Balance Model for estimating net infiltration rates for the Glaciated Conterminous United States, 2000-2013. Soil-water-balance groundwater recharge model results for Long Island, NY, 1900-2019 Geochemical data, water-level data, and slug test analysis results from till confining units and confined aquifers in glacial deposits near Akeley, Cromwell, Litchfield, and Olivia, Minnesota, 2015-2018 Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model archive used to simulate potential annual recharge in Maine, 1991-2015 OFR 2021-1008 MODEL OUTPUT: Soil-Water-Balance net infiltration and irrigation water use output datasets for the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System, 1915 to 2018 Soil-water-balance model archive for Long Island, NY, 1900-2019 Soil-Water-Balance MODEL OUTPUT for simulations of net infiltration, runoff, and irrigation water use in the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System, 2000 to 2020 Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model archive used to simulate potential annual recharge for the former Badger Army Ammunition Plant study area, Prairie du Sac, Wisconsin, 1980 to 2020 Soil-Water-Balance MODEL ARCHIVE for simulations of net infiltration, runoff, and irrigation water use in the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System, 2000 to 2020 Model archive and output files for net infiltration, runoff, and irrigation water use for the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System, 2000 to 2020, simulated with the Soil-Water-Balance model Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model archive used to simulate potential mean annual recharge in the Grand Canyon region, Arizona Potentiometric-Surface Contours in a Bedrock Aquifer near High Falls, New York, 2019–2020 Soil-Water-Balance forecasted climate model output for simulations of water budget components in the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System, 2019 to 2055 RCP 4.5 Potentiometric-Surface Contours in a Bedrock Aquifer near High Falls, New York, 2019–2020 Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model archive used to simulate potential annual recharge for the former Badger Army Ammunition Plant study area, Prairie du Sac, Wisconsin, 1980 to 2020 Mean annual water-budget components for the Island of Kauai, Hawaii, for recent conditions, 1978-2007 rainfall and 2010 land cover (ver. 2.0) Mean annual water-budget components for the Island of Oahu, Hawaii, for current conditions, 2001-10 rainfall and 2001-10 land cover (ver. 2.0) Mean annual water-budget components for the Island of Oahu, Hawaii, for predevelopment conditions, 1978-2007 rainfall and 1870 land cover (ver. 2.0) Mean annual water-budget components for the Island of Maui, Hawaii, for predevelopment conditions, 1978–2007 rainfall and 1870 land cover (version 2.0) Mean annual water-budget components for the Island of Maui, Hawaii, for current conditions, 2001-10 rainfall and 2001-10 land cover (version 2.0) Soil-water-balance groundwater recharge model results for Long Island, NY, 1900-2019 Soil-water-balance model archive for Long Island, NY, 1900-2019 Geochemical data, water-level data, and slug test analysis results from till confining units and confined aquifers in glacial deposits near Akeley, Cromwell, Litchfield, and Olivia, Minnesota, 2015-2018 Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model archive used to simulate potential mean annual recharge in the Grand Canyon region, Arizona Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model archive used to simulate potential annual recharge in Maine, 1991-2015 OFR 2021-1008 MODEL OUTPUT: Soil-Water-Balance net infiltration and irrigation water use output datasets for the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System, 1915 to 2018 RCP 4.5 Soil-Water-Balance MODEL OUTPUT for simulations of net infiltration, runoff, and irrigation water use in the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System, 2000 to 2020 Soil-Water-Balance MODEL ARCHIVE for simulations of net infiltration, runoff, and irrigation water use in the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System, 2000 to 2020 Model archive and output files for net infiltration, runoff, and irrigation water use for the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System, 2000 to 2020, simulated with the Soil-Water-Balance model Soil-Water-Balance forecasted climate model output for simulations of water budget components in the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System, 2019 to 2055 Soil-Water-Balance Model for estimating net infiltration rates for the Glaciated Conterminous United States, 2000-2013.