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Coyotes (Canis latrans) are lethally controlled throughout the range of Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and it has been suggested that such control may benefit sage-grouse. However, the perceived benefits of control are based on the direct effects of coyotes on sage-grouse and largely ignore potential indirect interactions. Here, we summarize some of the evidence for direct effects in a simplified food web including coyotes and sage-grouse. There is very little evidence to suggest that coyotes have much of a direct negative effect on sage-grouse, but there is considerable evidence supporting direct interactions that would lead to positive indirect effects between coyotes and sage-grouse. The three...
The indirect effects of native generalist insect herbivores on interactions between exotic and native grassland plants have received limited attention. Crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum) is the most common exotic rangeland grass in western North America. Crested wheatgrass communities are resistant to colonization by native plant species and have strong competitive effects on native species, imposing problems for the restoration of native grasslands. Grasshoppers are generalist herbivores that are often abundant in Crested wheatgrass?dominated sites in the northern Great Plains. We conducted two experiments in a Crested wheatgrass?dominated grassland in western North Dakota to test the hypothesis that grasshopper...
Grass biomethane surpasses the 60% greenhouse gas (GHG) savings relative to the fossil fuel replaced required by EU Directive 2009/28/EC. However, there are growing concerns that when the indirect effects of biofuels are taken into account, GHG savings may become negative. There has been no research to date into the indirect effects of grass biomethane; this paper aims to fill that knowledge gap. A causal-descriptive assessment is carried out and identifies the likely indirect effect of a grass biomethane industry in Ireland as a reduction in beef exports to the UK. Three main scenarios are then analyzed: an increase in indigenous UK beef production, an increase in beef imported to the UK from other countries (EU,...
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Neonicotinoids, a widely used class of insecticide, have been found in surface waters globally. They pose a risk to non-target species found in aquatic environments such as aquatic macroinvertebrates. To better understand the effects of the neonicotinoids imidacloprid, clothianidin and their mixtures on aquatic communities we ran a 30 day mesocosm test. Rock trays were colonized with natural benthic communities in the Cache La Poudre River, located in the mountains of Northern Colorado, and relocated to a laboratory experimental stream setting. In total there were 33 experimental streams: 3 controls and 30 treatments consisting of both single compound and binary compound exposures with 5 treatment levels for each...
    map background search result map search result map Data set for a mesocosm to field assessment of the ecological risks associated with neonicotinoids in U.S. streams Data set for a mesocosm to field assessment of the ecological risks associated with neonicotinoids in U.S. streams