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USGS National Research Program Projects The NRP had its beginnings in the late 1950's. Since that time, the program has grown to encompass a broad spectrum of scientific investigations. The sciences of hydrology, mathematics, chemistry, physics, ecology, biology, geology, and engineering are used to gain a fundamental understanding of the processes that affect the availability, movement, and quality of the Nation's water resources. Results of NRP's long-term research investigations often lead to the development of new concepts, techniques, and approaches that are applicable not only to the solution of current water problems, but also to future issues that may affect the Nation's water resources. Basic tools of hydrology that have been developed by the... Categories: Project; Types: ScienceBase Project; Tags: Acid Mine Drainage, Aquatic Habitat, Arid Land Hydrology, Carbon Cycle, Contaminant Reactions and Transport, All tags... Estuaries and Near-Shore Environments, Evapotranspiration, Fire effects on watersheds, Fractured Rock, Ground-Water Flow, Transport, and Reactions, Ground-water Hydraulics, Hydroclimate (including droughts and floods), Hydrogeology, Hypoxia (see nutrients), Invasive Species, Isotopic Tracers, Lakes, Metals, Microbiology: Activity, Biogeochemistry, and Transport in Water, Nutrients, Organic Compounds (natural and man-made), Radionuclides, Rivers and Streams, Sediment Chemistry, Sediment Transport, Statistical Hydrology, Stream Channel Morphology, Surface Chemistry, Surface-Water - Ground-Water Interactions, Surface-Water Hydraulics, Surface-Water Transport and Reactions, Unsaturated Zone, Volcanic Hazards, Watershed Studies, Wetlands, Fewer tags Climate Change Health Assessments for Three Coastal, Riverine and Lake System Communities This project evaluates the connections between climate change impacts and health in Bristol Bay communities. Climate change impacts were assessed through the lens of public health, with an eye towards the potential effects on disease, injury, food and water security, and mental health. Three focal communities were included in this assessment: Nondalton, a lake community, Levelock, a river community, and Pilot Point, a coastal community. The resulting assessment reports will be used to assist focal communities, as well as neighboring communities, in addressing climate-change related issues. Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT MODELS, CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT MODELS, COASTAL AREAS, COASTAL AREAS, Decision Support, All tags... EROSION, EROSION, Interested public, LAKES, LAKES, LCC Network Science Catalog, OCEANS, OCEANS, Project, RIVER/LAKE ICE BREAKUP, RIVER/LAKE ICE BREAKUP, RIVER/LAKE ICE FREEZE, RIVER/LAKE ICE FREEZE, RIVERS/STREAMS, RIVERS/STREAMS, Regional & county planners, Report, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC MODELS, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC MODELS, SOCIAL BEHAVIOR, SOCIAL BEHAVIOR, SPECIES MIGRATION, SPECIES MIGRATION, Socio-economics/Ecosystem Services, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Tribes, VULNERABILITY LEVELS/INDEX, VULNERABILITY LEVELS/INDEX, Vulnerability Assessment, biota, biota, completed, environment, environment, geoscientificInformation, geoscientificInformation, health, health, inlandWaters, inlandWaters, oceans, oceans, society, society, Fewer tags Fish Creek Watershed Hydrology Monitoring LCC funding for this project helped maintain a network of hydrology monitoring sites in a representative watershed of the Arctic Coastal Plain. The work was conducted within the context of climate change and impending oil and gas activities in the region, the latter of which is the impetus for focusing on the Fish Creek watershed. The project included two monitoring components:1) Beaded Stream & Lake Hydrology Monitoring (dominant habitat type within the watershed): in 6 stream/lake complex watersheds (Redworm, Hannahbear, Blackfish, Crea, Oil, and Bills creeks), continuous water level and temperature (in lakes, streams, and confluences), discrete discharge measurements, and continuous water quality (specific conductivity,... Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Academics & scientific researchers, DISCHARGE/FLOW, DISCHARGE/FLOW, Datasets/Database, Federal resource managers, All tags... LAKES, LAKES, LCC Network Science Catalog, Monitoring, Project, Publication, RIVERS/STREAMS, RIVERS/STREAMS, climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, completed, environment, environment, inlandWaters, inlandWaters, Fewer tags Temperature, phenology, and embryo survival in western Alaska sockeye salmon population: the potential for adaptation to a warming world? Viable sockeye salmon populations are critical to the economy, culture, and freshwater ecosystems of Bristol Bay in Western Alaska, and it is unclear how populations might respond to warming temperatures during the critical life history stages of spawning and embryo incubation. The overarching goal of the project is to understand how temperature might influence population-specific patterns of embryo incubation, timing of hatching and fry emergence, and sockeye salmon embryo survival. By combining analyses of data from two large lake systems in the Kvichak watershed, laboratory rearing experiments to elucidate functional relationships, and simulation modeling, this project quantifies biological responses to changing... Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Academics & scientific researchers, CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT MODELS, CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT MODELS, DATA REFORMATTING, DATA REFORMATTING, All tags... Data Management and Integration, Decision Support, Federal resource managers, LAKES, LAKES, LCC Network Science Catalog, MEDIA TRANSFER/DATA RESCUE, MEDIA TRANSFER/DATA RESCUE, PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODELS, PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODELS, PHYSICAL/LABORATORY MODELS, PHYSICAL/LABORATORY MODELS, Population & Habitat Evaluation/Projection, Project, Publication, RIVERS/STREAMS, RIVERS/STREAMS, RURAL AREAS, RURAL AREAS, Report, SALMONS/TROUTS, SALMONS/TROUTS, State agencies, WATER TEMPERATURE, WATER TEMPERATURE, biota, biota, environment, environment, onGoing, Fewer tags FishCAFE: Response of an Arctic Freshwater Ecosystem to Climate and Land-use Change This project provides a better understanding how linkages among surface-water availability, connectivity, and temperature mediate habitat and trophic dynamics of the Fish Creek Watershed (FCW). These interrelated processes form a shifting mosaic of freshwater habitats across the landscape that can be classified, mapped, understood, and modeled in response to past and future climate and land-use change in a spatial and temporal context. Developing scenarios of freshwater habitat change in this context provides managers and scientists with a flexible template to evaluate a range of potential responses to climate and land-use change. Applying this approach in the FCW is made feasible because of the availability of... Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Academics & scientific researchers, Datasets/Database, ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS, ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS, Federal resource managers, All tags... LAKE ICE, LAKE ICE, LAKES, LAKES, LCC Network Science Catalog, PERMAFROST, PERMAFROST, Population & Habitat Evaluation/Projection, Project, Publication, RIVER ICE, RIVER ICE, Training/Outreach/Workshop, Vulnerability Assessment, WETLANDS, WETLANDS, biota, biota, climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, environment, environment, geoscientificInformation, geoscientificInformation, inlandWaters, inlandWaters, onGoing, Fewer tags Biogeochemical Interactions at Environmental Interfaces Recent increases in the atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane have emphasized the need for a more complete understanding of the processes that control carbon transfer among air, land, and water. Knowledge of the amount, rate and chemical form of carbon transfer across environmental interfaces, such as the land-air and water-air interfaces, is of particular importance. These fluxes are commonly controlled by a combination of physical, biological, and chemical processes at or near the interface. Isolation of the primary mechanisms that determine carbon transfer across the interface allows for development of process-based models that can be used for carbon mass transfer estimates at the ecosystem... Categories: Project; Tags: Biogeochemistry, Carbon Cycling and Sequestration, Climate Change, Ecology, Lakes, All tags... Rivers and Streams, Surface Water Quality, Fewer tags Changing Seasonality of Invertebrate Food Resources across the Arctic Coastal Plain We assessed change in the seasonal timing of insect emergence from tundra ponds near Barrow, Alaska over a four-decade timespan, and explored factors that regulate this significant ecological phenomenon. The early-summer pulse of adult insects emerging from myriad tundra ponds on the Arctic Coastal Plain is an annual event historically coincident with resource demand by tundra-nesting avian consumers. Asymmetrical changes in the seasonal timing of prey availability and consumer needs may impact arctic-breeding shorebirds, eiders, and passerines. We have found evidence of change in the thermal behavior of these arctic wetlands, along with a shift in the phenology of emerging pond insects. Relative to the 1970s, tundra... Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: ANIMALS/INVERTEBRATES, ANIMALS/INVERTEBRATES, ARTHROPODS, ARTHROPODS, Academics & scientific researchers, All tags... Federal resource managers, INSECTS, INSECTS, LAKES, LAKES, LCC Network Science Catalog, MODELS, MODELS, Population & Habitat Evaluation/Projection, Project, Report, Vulnerability Assessment, WATER TEMPERATURE, WATER TEMPERATURE, biota, biota, completed, inlandWaters, inlandWaters, Fewer tags Expanding the North Slope Fish Distribution and Water Quality Geodatabase The distribution and abundance of fishes across the Alaska Arctic is not well understood. Better information on fish distribution is needed for habitat assessment and modeling activities and is also important for planning industrial activities. The State of Alaska maintains a fish distribution database for anadromous fish species, however there is currently no analog for resident fish species. The concept behind AquaBase was to fill the information gap for resident fish by design a database that contains information about all fish species. AquaBase does not duplicate information that is already available in other spatial database, but rather ‘rescues’ data from reports that are not readily available. Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Data Acquisition and Development, Data Management and Integration, Datasets/Database, Federal resource managers, Informing Conservation Delivery, All tags... LAKES, LAKES, LCC Network Science Catalog, Project, RAY-FINNED FISHES, RAY-FINNED FISHES, RIVERS/STREAMS, RIVERS/STREAMS, State agencies, biota, biota, completed, Fewer tags Ecosystem Dynamics and Fate of Warm Permafrost after Tundra Wildfire and Lake Drainage on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD) encompasses the southernmost, warmest parts of the arctic tundra biome and is renowned for its high biological productivity and large subsistence-based human population. Ice-rich permafrost currently is widespread and strongly influences terrestrial and aquatic habitats, including local topography, vegetation, soil hydrology, and the water balance of lakes. Ground temperatures are near the freezing point, however, and recent projections indicate that the YKD is poised for widespread loss of permafrost by the end of this century. This has implications for the region’s extensive and heretofore stable terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Tundra wildfire is a common ecological “pulse” disturbance... Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2016, AK-00, Academics & scientific researchers, Academics & scientific researchers, Conservation NGOs, All tags... DRAINAGE, DRAINAGE, Data Acquisition and Development, ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS, ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS, Federal resource managers, Federal resource managers, Hunters & anglers, Interested public, Interested public, LAKES, LAKES, LCC, LCC Network Science Catalog, Large mammals, MODELS, MODELS, Map, Monitoring, PERMAFROST, PERMAFROST, PERMAFROST MELT, PERMAFROST MELT, Policy makers & regulators, Population & Habitat Evaluation/Projection, Population & Habitat Evaluation/Projection, Presentation, Project, Regional & county planners, Report, Socio-economics/Ecosystem Services, State agencies, State agencies, Training/Outreach/Workshop, Tribes, Tribes, VEGETATION, VEGETATION, VEGETATION COVER, VEGETATION COVER, Vulnerability Assessment, WILDFIRES, WILDFIRES, Western Alaska Landscape Conservation Cooperative, climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, environment, environment, onGoing, Fewer tags Hydrogeology of Lakes, Wetlands and Streams This project investigates the spatial and temporal variability of ground-water surface-water exchange in response to changes in the geometry and hydrogeologic properties of this interface that are driven by episodic and sustained fluvial and hydrologic events. Episodic events are common and occur across a broad range of physical and climatic settings and are rarely accounted for in scientific investigations or resource management. Linkages between a dynamic sediment-water interface and the resulting fluxes between ground water and surface water need to be understood, quantified, and modeled to determine their influence on the quantity and quality of our Nation’s water resources as well as the ecological changes... Categories: Project; Tags: Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions, Hydrogeology, Lakes, Wetlands Hydrology of Permafrost Systems 1) To better understand linkages between climate (and other perturbations such as land use change and fire) and variably saturated subsurface flow with focus on hydrologically extreme environments including arid to semiarid regions and subarctic to arctic permafrost systems, and 2) to simulate/predict hydrologic and related impacts resulting from system change by integrating cutting-edge data from remote sensing and geophysical methods into innovative numerical models. Categories: Project; Tags: Climate Change, Groundwater Flow and Transport, Groundwater Hydraulics, Lakes, Wetlands Lake-Atmosphere Interactions The Lake-Atmosphere Interactions project (LAIP) develops and applies regional and global climate models and surface process models in the context of broadly interdisciplinary research aimed at addressing past, present and future climate hypotheses, questions and issues and at providing climate data for applied research. The project research is conducted across a wide range of temporal (the past 106 years and into the future) and spatial (global to local) scales. Project objectives are achieved by developing and applying a variety of numerical models, visualization techniques, web-based applications and statistical methods to quantify and explain interactions between the atmosphere, lakes, aquatic and terrestrial... Categories: Project; Tags: Climate Change, Lakes, Statistical Hydrology Biological Responses to Increasing Water Temperatures in Lakes of the Barrow/Atqasuk Focus Watershed: An Interdisciplinary Bioenergetics and Contamina There is currently have a very poor understanding of how climate change will affect food web structure and mercury accumulation in lakes on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska. In this study, researchers are addressing this knowledge gap by adopting a space-for-time approach. Fish and food web ecology, and mercury accumulation patterns, are being investigated in several lakes that represent a gradient in temperature/ice phenology of up to two ice-free weeks and 10°C. They are also comparing food web structure and rates of mercury biomagnification among the lakes, and relating these to several climate variables. Finally, they are relating past trends in mercury accumulation in lake sediments to indices of lake productivity... Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Academics & scientific researchers, BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, CONTAMINANTS, CONTAMINANTS, All tags... Conservation Design, Federal resource managers, LAKES, LAKES, LCC Network Science Catalog, PERMAFROST MELT, PERMAFROST MELT, Project, SEDIMENTATION, SEDIMENTATION, Tribes, climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, environment, environment, onGoing, Fewer tags Thermokarst lake drainage - vulnerability to climate change and prediction of future lake habitat distribution on the North Slope Widespread changes in lake distribution on the Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) would affect water availability for humans, fish and other water-dependent species. The Thermokarst Lake Drainage project models the drainage susceptibility of ACP lakes due to changes in permafrost conditions and surface hydrology along laks margins. The model can provide managers with a tool to assess the likelihood that an individual lake might drain. It also aims to predict the regions in which lake drainage may be most pronounced.More than 35,000 lakes larger than 0.01 km2 were extracted from an airborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IfSAR) derived digital surface model acquired between 2002 and 2006 for the Western Arctic... Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Datasets/Database, Federal resource managers, LAKES, LAKES, LCC Network Science Catalog, All tags... PERMAFROST MELT, PERMAFROST MELT, Population & Habitat Evaluation/Projection, Project, Report, TOPOGRAPHICAL RELIEF, TOPOGRAPHICAL RELIEF, completed, inlandWaters, inlandWaters, Fewer tags Comparative Study of Organic Degradation in Selected Hydrologic Environments Degradation of organic material produces organic compounds that both alter the quality of water and affect the inorganic reactions. The hydrogeologic controls on organic-inorganic reactions, their rate, and progress are not well understood. This project focuses on the occurrence and fate of organic compounds in (1) contaminant aquifers, (2) soils, and (3) lake sediments. Project objectives are to increase our understanding of reactions involving organic matter and to evaluate the significance of these reactions in geochemical studies. Of particular interest are: identifying organic and inorganic compounds that are present as a result of the degradation of organic material; studying the interaction of organic compounds... Categories: Project; Tags: Aquifers, Lakes, Organic Compounds Microbial Biogeochemistry of Aquatic Environments To advance understanding of the factors controlling the environmental fate of elements which may be toxic or of other concern (e.g. greenhouse gases). For instance, microbes influence the partitioning of group 15 and 16 elements (Phosphorus, Arsenic, and Antimony; Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) between dissolved and adsorbed phases, strongly affecting the quality of drinking water in aquifers around the world. On another topic, it is well known that methane and nitrous oxide are strong absorbers of IR radiation and act as greenhouse gases near the Earth’s surface. Bacteria in lakes, wetlands, and soils both facilitate and mitigate the flux of these gases and in so doing, shape our world. The primary goal of the... Categories: Project; Tags: Biogeochemistry, Contaminants, Ecology, Lakes, Metals, All tags... Microbiology (Activity and Transport), Fewer tags Limnological Phenomena in Impounded Rivers Dams have been built in this century that impound virtually all major rivers in the United States. The purposes vary and include flood control, navigation, hydropower generation, and storage for irrigation and domestic uses. About 2,500 reservoirs of 5,000 acre-feet or more, store about 480 million acre-feet, about 1/4 of the annual runoff. Storage capacity is dominated by large reservoirs such that the 600 largest store more than 90 percent of the total. Lake Powell, behind Glen Canyon dam, stores water (ca. 27 million acre-feet) in the Upper Basin of the Colorado River for controlled release according to the Colorado River Compact (8.23 million acre-feet per year) and to generate electricity for sale to consumers... Categories: Project; Tags: Lakes, Water Quality Role of Lakes in the Hydrologic System, with Emphasis on Their Relation to Ground-Water Many hydrological and geochemical processes associated with lakes and wetlands are poorly understood. Characteristics of wind and vapor profiles over lakes, which are basic controls on evaporation, have been studied in detail for only a few large reservoirs in the western United States. Many commonly used methods of estimating surface runoff to lakes and wetlands, are inaccurate. Hydrogeologic controls on seepage to and from all surface-water bodies have not been studied adequately, either from theoretical or field perspectives. Research on these components of lake and wetland hydrology is especially critical to individuals responsible for management, protection, and restoration of these resources. The major objective... Categories: Project; Tags: Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions, Lakes Tropical and Arid Regions Climate The Tropical and Arid Regions Climate Project seeks to quantify past variations in climate and the hydrologic balance through studies of paleo and modern surface- and ground-water systems using stable isotope and other chemical methodologies. Objectives of the Tropical and Arid Regions Climate Projects are to determine: (1) the frequency and severity of drought during the past 10,000 years, (2) the frequency and severity of major cooling events that led to glacial advances in the Colorado Rockies, (3) the frequency of hurricanes that impacted the Carribbean and Gulf of Mexico over the past 400 years, and (4) the impact of climate change on prehistoric Native Americans. Categories: Project; Tags: Arid Land Hydrologic Studies, Hydroclimatology (including droughts and floods), Lakes