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A climactically-induced increase in wildfires in the Alaskan boreal forest threatens rural indigenous livelihoods, and indicates a need for community involvement in wildfire policy planning. A diverse literature describes community-based natural resource management, but has not been applied to wildfire management. Through three research papers this dissertation investigates conflicts over wildfire management in rural Alaska and considers community participation as a potential solution. The first paper explores the concept of a "community" perspective on wildfire in the Koyukon Athabascan communities of Galena and Huslia. A Q-sort was used to determine shared perspectives, and showed that Koyukon grouped separately...
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We examined the effects of fire disturbance on permafrost degradation and thaw settlement across a series of wildfires (from ~1930 to 2010) in the forested areas of collapse-scar bog complexes in the Tanana Flats lowland of interior Alaska. Field measurements were combined with numerical modeling of soil thermal dynamics to assess the roles of fire severity and climate history in postfire permafrost dynamics. Field-based calculations of potential thaw settlement following the loss of remaining ice-rich permafrost averaged 0.6 m. This subsidence would cause the surface elevations of forests to drop on average 0.1 m below the surface water level of adjacent collapse-scar features. Up to 0.5 m of thaw settlement was...
Wildfires are common in boreal forests around the globe and strongly influence ecosystem processes. However, North American forests support more high-intensity crown fires than Eurasia, where lower-intensity surface fires are common. These two types of fire can result in different net effects on climate as a consequence of their contrasting impacts on terrestrial albedo and carbon stocks. Here we use remote-sensing imagery, climate reanalysis data and forest inventories to evaluate differences in boreal fire dynamics between North America and Eurasia and their key drivers. Eurasian fires were less intense, destroyed less live vegetation, killed fewer trees and generated a smaller negative shortwave forcing. As fire...
Sustainable resource management depends upon the participation of resource-dependent communities. Competing values between community members and government agencies and among groups within a community can make it difficult to find mutually acceptable management goals and can disadvantage certain resource users. This study uses Q-methodology to discover groups with shared perspectives on wildfire policy in the Koyukon Athabascan villages of Galena and Huslia, Alaska. Before the study, participants appeared to disagree over the amount of wildfire suppression needed, but Q-method results showed three perspectives united around deeper, less oppositional concerns: Caucasian residents and resource managers who preferred...
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The article discusses the study regarding the role of human-induced climate change on the fire season in Alaska in 2015. Topics discussed include the use of Buildup Index (BUI) to measure fire risk, the mixed precipitation trends, and the relation of wildfire risk with the preindustrial climate. It also mentioned the use of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model version 3 (GFDL CM3).
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Sustainable resource management depends upon the participation of resource-dependent communities. Competing values between community members and government agencies and among groups within a community can make it difficult to find mutually acceptable management goals and can disadvantage certain resource users. This study uses Q-methodology to discover groups with shared perspectives on wildfire policy in the Koyukon Athabascan villages of Galena and Huslia, Alaska. Before the study, participants appeared to disagree over the amount of wildfire suppression needed, but Q-method results showed three perspectives united around deeper, less oppositional concerns: Caucasian residents and resource managers who preferred...
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Wildfires are common in boreal forests around the globe and strongly influence ecosystem processes. However, North American forests support more high-intensity crown fires than Eurasia, where lower-intensity surface fires are common. These two types of fire can result in different net effects on climate as a consequence of their contrasting impacts on terrestrial albedo and carbon stocks. Here we use remote-sensing imagery, climate reanalysis data and forest inventories to evaluate differences in boreal fire dynamics between North America and Eurasia and their key drivers. Eurasian fires were less intense, destroyed less live vegetation, killed fewer trees and generated a smaller negative shortwave forcing. As fire...
A climactically-induced increase in wildfires in the Alaskan boreal forest threatens rural indigenous livelihoods, and indicates a need for community involvement in wildfire policy planning. A diverse literature describes community-based natural resource management, but has not been applied to wildfire management. Through three research papers this dissertation investigates conflicts over wildfire management in rural Alaska and considers community participation as a potential solution. The first paper explores the concept of a "community" perspective on wildfire in the Koyukon Athabascan communities of Galena and Huslia. A Q-sort was used to determine shared perspectives, and showed that Koyukon grouped separately...
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We conducted this investigation in response to criticisms that the current Alaska Interagency Fire Management Plans are allowing too much of the landscape in interior Alaska to burn annually. To address this issue, we analyzed fire history patterns within the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, interior Alaska. We dated 40 fires on 27 landscape points within the refuge boundaries using standard dendrochorological methods. Fire return intervals based on tree ring data ranged from 37 to 166 years (mean=90±32 years; N =38) over the 250 year time frame covered by this study. We found no significant differences in the frequency of fire occurence over time. There was no evidence to suggest that changes in fire management...
map background search result map search result map Interactive effects of wildfire and climate on permafrost degradation in Alaskan lowland forests Using Q-methodology to identify local perspectives on wildfires in two Koyukon Athabascan communities in rural Alaska Can community-based natural resource management improve wildfire policy planning in interior Alaska? Addressing value differences, ineffective participatory processes, and conflicts over traditional ecological knowledge Wildfire: a Canadian perspective. 2015. McGee, T.; McFarlane, B; Tymstra, C Influence of tree species on continental differences in boreal fires and climate feedbacks Fire history and fire management implications in the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, interior Alaska Denali Fire Management 2001 Year End Report Annual Report On Vital Signs Monitoring Of The Extent, Severity And Effects Of Wildland Fire In Yukon-Charley Rivers NP, Denali NP/P & Wrangell-St. Elias NP/P Impacts of climate change on fire activity and fire management in the circumboreal forest A Model-Based Approach to Wildland Fire Reconstruction Using Sediment Charcoal Records Forest fire management expenditures in Canada: 1970–2013 AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE ALASKA FIRE SEASON OF 2015 Interactive effects of wildfire and climate on permafrost degradation in Alaskan lowland forests Denali Fire Management 2001 Year End Report Fire history and fire management implications in the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, interior Alaska A Model-Based Approach to Wildland Fire Reconstruction Using Sediment Charcoal Records Can community-based natural resource management improve wildfire policy planning in interior Alaska? Addressing value differences, ineffective participatory processes, and conflicts over traditional ecological knowledge Using Q-methodology to identify local perspectives on wildfires in two Koyukon Athabascan communities in rural Alaska AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE ALASKA FIRE SEASON OF 2015 Annual Report On Vital Signs Monitoring Of The Extent, Severity And Effects Of Wildland Fire In Yukon-Charley Rivers NP, Denali NP/P & Wrangell-St. Elias NP/P Influence of tree species on continental differences in boreal fires and climate feedbacks Forest fire management expenditures in Canada: 1970–2013 Wildfire: a Canadian perspective. 2015. McGee, T.; McFarlane, B; Tymstra, C Impacts of climate change on fire activity and fire management in the circumboreal forest