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We capitalized on a regional-scale, anthropogenic experiment?the reduction of black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) towns across the Great Plains of North America?to test the hypothesis that decline of this species has led to declines in diversity of native grassland vertebrates of this region. We compared species richness and species composition of non-volant mammals, reptiles and amphibians at 36 prairie dog towns and 36 paired sites in the Panhandle Region of Oklahoma during the summers and falls of 1997, 1998 and 1999. We detected 30 species of mammals, 18 species of reptiles and seven species of amphibians. Comparisons between communities at prairie dog towns and paired sites in the adjacent landscape...
Abstract (from ESA): Estimating population size and resource selection functions (RSFs) are common approaches in applied ecology for addressing wildlife conservation and management objectives. Traditionally such approaches have been undertaken separately with different sources of data. Spatial capture–recapture (SCR) provides a hierarchical framework for jointly estimating density and multi‐scale resource selection, and data integration techniques provide opportunities for improving inferences from SCR models. Despite the added benefits, there have been few applications of SCR‐RSF integration, potentially due to complexities of specifying and fitting such models. Here, we extend a previous integrated SCR‐RSF model...
Conserving grizzly bear populations is a significant challenge for wildlife managers throughout North America. Much fruitful research has been conducted on the biology of grizzlies, but the human dimensions of bear management remain poorly understood. This imbalance has created conflicts between management agencies and local inhabitants that can jeopardize ecosystem management and planning programs in which grizzlies often feature as key components. Broadly, the goal of this study was to understand how and why such conflicts occur. Qualitative data analysis methods and the policy sciences' interdisciplinary problem analysis framework, along with insights from adaptive governance and co-management concepts, resilience...
Climate change is affecting species and ecosystems across the Northeast and Midwest U.S. Natural resource managers looking to maintain ecological function and species persistence have requested information to improve resource management in the face of climate change. Leveraging the research that has already been supported by the Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center and its partners, this project used the latest modeling techniques combined with robust field data to examine the impact of specific climate variables, land use change, and species interactions on the future distribution and abundance of species of conservation concern. An interdisciplinary team worked to understand the mechanisms that are driving...
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This report summarizes the inventory of mammals of the five park units comprising the Arctic Network (ARCN) of the National Park Service, Alaska Region, between 2000 and 2003. This study was part of a cooperative effort of the Beringian Coevolution Project at the Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, and the ARCN Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service, Alaska division. We begin documenting the approximately 39 species of mammals that live in ARCN, with a primary focus on small mammals (i.e., shrews, voles, lemmings, weasels, porcupine, squirrels, and hares). This survey resulted in more than 3,000 primary specimens comprising 23 species. Small mammal abundance varied considerably...
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There are comparatively few fossils that document the presence of the Pleistocene western camel (Camelops hesternus) in the unglaciated regions of Alaska and Yukon, northwestern North America (eastern Beringia). It has been previously reported on the basis of stratigraphic and radiocarbon data that this species was present within this region from the Sangamonian interglaciation (Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5) through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, MIS 2). However, the continued presence of western camel through the LGM is at odds with its ecological preferences as inferred from more southerly parts of the continent. Here we report 43 new radiocarbon dates on 34 western camel fossils from Alaska and Yukon, including...
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The fundamental niche of a species is rarely if ever realized because the presence of other species restricts it to a narrower range of ecological conditions. The effects of this narrower range of conditions define how resources are partitioned. Resource partitioning has been inferred but not demonstrated previously for sympatric ursids. We estimated assimilated diet in relation to body condition (body fat and lean and total body mass) and reproduction for sympatric brown bears (Ursus arctos) and American black bears (U. americanus) in south-central Alaska, 1998?2000. Based on isotopic analysis of blood and keratin in claws, salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) predominated in brown bear diets (>53% annually) whereas black...
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Harbor porpoise, Phocoena phocoena vomerina, in Cook Inlet, Alaska, are managed as part of the Gulf ofAlaska (GOA) stock. It is not known if this population is distinct from porpoise in the GOA stock found outside Cook Inlet. No long- term dedicated studies of harbor porpoise have occurred in Cook In let. The objective here is to provide a summary of occurrence in Cook Inlet derived from archaeological data, anecdotal reports, and systematic surveys. Maps were created for each dataset. Therefore, each of these estimates is likely biased downward. In the last decade the region has seen expansion of the Port of Anchorage, proposals to build a bridge crossing Knik Arm, plans to develop mining operations and supporting...
We summarized and statistically analyzed historical fixed-wing aerial surveys (1949-2002) and harvest records (1983-2002) of Dall’s sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) from Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve (WRST). Among survey units there were significant differences in observed densities, hunterreported harvest, horn lengths of harvested rams, and horn length residuals from the regression of length on age. There was no consistent evidence of net change in WRST-wide sheep density, even though some survey units showed trends in density. Reported harvest in WRST declined linearly during 1973-2003 from 376 to 139 rams per year. We estimated the relationships among population and habitat characteristics with multiple...
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Nutritional restrictions in winter may reduce the availability of protein for reproduction and survival in northern ungulates. We refined a technique that uses recently voided excreta on snow to assess protein status in wild caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in late winter. Our study was the first application of this non-invasive, isotopic approach to assess protein status of wild caribou by determining dietary and endogenous contributions of nitrogen (N) to urinary urea. We used isotopic ratios of N (?15N) in urine and fecal samples to estimate the proportion of urea N derived from body N (p-UN) in pregnant, adult females of the Chisana Herd, a small population that ranged across the Alaska-Yukon border. We took advantage...
map background search result map search result map An isotopic approach to measuring nitrogen balance in caribou Moose: Competing and Complementary Values Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of Moose in Alaska Genetic variation in caribou and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus ) Using temporary dye marks to estimate ungulate population abundance in southwest Yukon, Canada Mammal inventory of Alaska's National Parks and Preserves, Arctic Network: Bering Land Bridge National Park, Cape Krusenstern National Monument, Kobuk Valley National Park, Noatak National Park, and Gates of the Arctic National Park and PreservePark and Preserve Harbor Porpoise, Phocoena phocoena vomerina, in Cook Inlet, Alaska INTERSPECIFIC RESOURCE PARTITIONING IN SYMPATRIC URSIDS Seasonal foraging strategies of Alaskan gray wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>) in a salmon subsidized ecosystem Using temporary dye marks to estimate ungulate population abundance in southwest Yukon, Canada Seasonal foraging strategies of Alaskan gray wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>) in a salmon subsidized ecosystem An isotopic approach to measuring nitrogen balance in caribou Harbor Porpoise, Phocoena phocoena vomerina, in Cook Inlet, Alaska Mammal inventory of Alaska's National Parks and Preserves, Arctic Network: Bering Land Bridge National Park, Cape Krusenstern National Monument, Kobuk Valley National Park, Noatak National Park, and Gates of the Arctic National Park and PreservePark and Preserve INTERSPECIFIC RESOURCE PARTITIONING IN SYMPATRIC URSIDS Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of Moose in Alaska Genetic variation in caribou and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus ) Moose: Competing and Complementary Values