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Present power markets are designed for trading conventional generation. For wind generation to participate in a short-term energy market, lengthy wind power production forecasts are required. Although wind speed forecasting techniques are constantly improving, wind speed forecasts are never perfect, and resulting wind power forecast errors imply imbalance costs for wind farm owners. In this paper, a new method for minimization of imbalance costs is developed. Stochastic programming is used to generate optimal wind power production bids for a short-term power market. A Wind power forecast error is represented as a stochastic process. The imbalance costs resulting from this strategy are then compared to the case when...
Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) of the Kaibab Plateau in Arizona had a population estimate of 10,200 individuals in 2019. The herd is relatively isolated; limited in range to the east, south, and west sides by the Grand Canyon. Annually the Kaibab herd migrates an average of 27 mi (43 km) between summer and winter range. Winter range is along the west, east, and northern extents of the plateau; consisting of pinyon-juniper woodlands mixed with sagebrush, cliffrose, bitterbrush, and various grasses. Some of the Kaibab herd winters in Utah, sharing winter range with Utah’s Paunsaugunt Plateau herd. During migration mule deer pass through mid-elevation transitional range containing Gambel oak, pinyon pine, and Utah...
The Rainbow Valley mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) reside in the expansive Sonoran Desert flat between the Sierra Estrella Mountains and the North Maricopa Mountains. The herd, which numbered 1,500 in 2017, is managed for hunting within Game Management Units (GMU) 39 and 40. The movements depicted in this report represent annual range for 3 mule deer which are part of a much larger research project along the Interstate 11 (I-11) Proposed Corridor Alternative. The research is being conducted by the Arizona Game and Fish Department (AZGFD), with funding from the U.S. Department of the Interior through Secretarial Order 3362. Although the Rainbow Valley mule deer are not migratory in the traditional sense, their annual...
The North of Interstate 40 Pronghorn herd primarily resides in Arizona’s Game Management Unit (GMU) 7. GMU 7 had an estimated population of 550 pronghorn in 2019. The Pronghorn North of Interstate 40 summer in high elevation open meadows and ponderosa pine habitat near Government Prairie. When winter conditions set in the pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) seek lower elevations, migrating through mixed pinyon-juniper woodlands to open grassland and shrub habitats north of Sitgreaves Mountain, often crossing US Highway 180 (US-180) towards Antelope Flat. US-180 is an increasing threat to this migration corridor as traffic volumes rise. However, right-of-way fence improvements and relatively low traffic volumes on...
The Jawbone Ridge mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) herd is a sub-herd of the Tuolumne herd, which migrate to the Jawbone Ridge flats in the winter in Tuolumne, Mariposa, and Alpine Counties. Additionally, a small sample of deer were captured from the Yosemite herd to determine herd overlap. GPS collars were normally set to take a location every 7 hours, and emit a signal Monday through Friday, 9am to 5pm. Some GPS collars were set to take a location fix every hour during periods of time when deer were thought to be migrating (May and November). The most important portion of the winter range is the Jawbone ridge flats, situated at an elevation of 4,000 feet. Deer migrate from here east into the high Sierra Nevada...
A significant portion of the interstate Carson River herd summers in the Sierra Nevada range of California and migrates to a winter range near the California-Nevada border. Herd size has declined significantly (>70%) from historical peak levels, likely due to habitat loss and vehicle collisions. A large increase in housing development and traffic along the Highway 395 corridor during the past 20 years has contributed to population declines for this herd. Significant barriers include fencing along Carson River and outlying suburban areas in Carson City, Minden, and Gardnerville, Nevada. These data provide the location of migration stopovers for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Carson River population in California...
Mule deer of the Kaibab North herd on the Kaibab Plateau are treasured for their historic and contemporary significance in North America. They are the densest population of mule deer in Arizona, with an estimate of 10,200 individuals in 2019. This report compiles two research efforts, the first completed by Arizona Game and Fish Department in 2014, and the second from Utah Division of Wildlife’s ongoing research started in 2017. The Kaibab Plateau is bound on the east, south, and west by vertical canyon walls which run along the Colorado River and Kanab Creek. The Kaibab North Deer herd winters among pinyon-juniper, sagebrush, and cliffrose landscapes along the west, east, and northern extents of the plateau. Portions...
In 2008, 13 mule deer were GPS collared near the South Rim of the Grand Canyon to understand the impact of Arizona’s State Route 64 on mule deer movement. Unexpectedly, 4 individuals migrated over 50 miles to summer range near the San Francisco Peaks, north of Flagstaff, containing alpine, subalpine, and ponderosa pine habitats. The GPS collars dropped in 2009, but questions surrounding this long-distance migration remained. In June of 2019, the Arizona Game and Fish Department GPS collared 20 mule deer from the San Francisco Peaks herd on their summer range in Game Management Unit 7E/7W, where an estimated 5,300 mule deer reside. The primary challenges to mule deer in this migration corridor are related to navigating...
In 2008, 13 mule deer were GPS collared near the South Rim of the Grand Canyon to understand the impact of Arizona’s State Route 64 on mule deer movement. Unexpectedly, 4 individuals migrated over 50 miles to summer range near the San Francisco Peaks, north of Flagstaff, containing alpine, subalpine, and ponderosa pine habitats. The GPS collars dropped in 2009, but questions surrounding this long-distance migration remained. In June of 2019, the Arizona Game and Fish Department GPS collared 20 mule deer from the San Francisco Peaks herd on their summer range in Game Management Unit 7E/7W, where an estimated 5,300 mule deer reside. The primary challenges to mule deer in this migration corridor are related to navigating...
The Paunsaugunt Plateau in southern Utah is home to a prolific mule deer herd numbering around 5,200 individuals in 2019. In early October, these mule deer begin their migration from the Plateau traveling south distances up to 78 miles to winter range in the Buckskin Mountains near the Utah-Arizona border. Approximately 20-30% of the Paunsaugunt Plateau herd reside in northern Arizona during the winter, sharing winter range also used by deer from the Kaibab Plateau herd. Beginning in late April, deer reverse their migration to summer range on the Plateau. The most significant challenge for these deer is US Highway 89 which bisects this migration corridor and winter range, where deer-vehicle collisions have historically...
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In this observational pilot study, we worked at the largest existing solar tower facility in the world (Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System - ISEGS) to assess the efficacy of using radar, surveillance video, and insect trapping to monitor animals flying near the towers. During week-long site visits in May and September, we monitored the airspace surrounding towers and observed insects, occasional birds, and bats under a variety of environmental and operational conditions. This dataset is comprised of the unedited digital video imagery we gathered during those site visits. There are four types of video imagery included in the data set: (1) "EMCCD camera" is the output of an electron multiplying charge-coupled-device...
Forests are important in the global carbon cycle, forming a major sink for carbon. Deforestation is a significant source of carbon dioxide emitted to the atmosphere. There is some scope to enhance natural carbon sinks, and therefore reduce net emissions of greenhouse gases, through afforestation and conservation of existing forests. Such initiatives may be implemented to "offset" emissions of greenhouse gases from other sources. This may be undertaken by private companies, or by governments as part of bilateral agreements or multilateral arrangements. International carbon offsets may be cost effective in terms of reduction of carbon emissions achieved, and may also be one way to mobilise private capital to fund...
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This dataset has the same coverage as the Anadromous Waters Catalog, except that it has additional attribute fields identifying species and life stages for individual stream segments. There are 23 species in the dataset and three life stages: present (p), spawning (s), and rearing (r). It was received from Skip Repetto, a GIS Analyst at ADF&G with the following caveat: "This is a value added representation of the AWC and has not been error checked completely, so use at your own risk; the actual AWC takes precedent." The Alaska Department of Fish and Game's (ADFG) Anadromous water bodies data is derived from the ADFG's GIS shape files for the "Catalog of Waters Important for Spawning, Rearing or Migration of Anadromous...
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The emerging multi-LCC Ecological Places in Cities Network integrates the ecological and urban communities to guide and promote conservation practices, such as those across the monarch flyway. The ETPBR LCC is working with a number of other Service programs and external partners to build capacity for the development and implementation of a framework that can be tailored to individual cities of various sizes to evaluate their unique situations and design an urban monarch conservation strategy that optimizes the potential contributions of their urban area. Specifically, this project will continue to lay the groundwork for design principles to guide the development, testing and deployment of future urban conservation...
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This dataset contains locations acquired from GPS-tagged Brown Pelicans in the South Atlantic Bight. Locations correspond to the movements of pelicans tracked during the autumn migratory period (post-breed to the following spring, with length of deployment varying individually) from 2017-2020. Additional metrics include intrinsic and extrinsic variables both measured and acquired which may influence migration.
The Egg Lake Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) sub-herd range extends northeast from the town of McCloud around Ash Creek to the Big Valley Mountains and as far east as Highway 139 near the community of Hackamore. During the winter, this sub-herd primarily resides to the east of Big Valley Mountains near Egg Lake in Modoc County, California. They migrate east to private timberlands and spend the spring and summer just outside of McCloud, California. Topography of this area is relatively flat, but gradually transitions to steeper slopes around creeks, and typical habitat includes Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), Sierran mixed conifer, and montane hardwood conifer forests. Another sub-herd is known to...
The San Francisco Peaks elk (Cervus canadensis) herd comprises a migratory portion of the larger herd units in Arizona’s Game Management Units (GMU) 7 and 9. GMU 7 and 9 had a combined population estimate of 5,200 in 2019. These data were generated from two elk research projects by the Arizona Game & Fish Department: one to assess elk-vehicle collisions on Interstate 40 (Gagnon et al. 2012) and the other to evaluate aerial survey methods for elk abundance (Bristow et al. 2019). While many of the elk reside in the same general areas year-round, the migratory portion of this herd migrates an average of 42 miles between summer and winter range. Summer range, primarily in GMU 7, consists of high elevation open meadows...
The Verdi-Truckee mule deer Odocoileus hemionus) herd winters south of I-80 in the Carson Range along the California-Nevada border, although a portion of this herd winters northeast of Verdi, Nevada on Peavine Mountain. Migration routes to summer range follow I-80 southwest, along both sides of the Truckee River, toward Martis Valley and Truckee, California. The summer range for this small herd (approximately 500 animals in 2019) is located east of Truckee and includes portions of Juniper Flat, Martis Creek, and the area south of the Truckee River to the confluence of Gray Creek. Migration behavior and timing of migration is dependent on seasonal weather conditions and snow depth during early winter. Significant...
The Doyle mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) herd migrates from a winter range in Honey Lake Valley and Upper Long Valley near Doyle, California along US Highway 395 in Lassen County, California and eastward into Plumas County and Plumas National Forest in the Sierra Nevada Mountains for the summer. Winter range also exists on the Nevada side of the border in Washoe County. Much of the winter range habitat is now deteriorated, lacking vegetation that historically provided forage. Highway 395 is a major barrier to migration, with hundreds of deer being killed annually trying to cross it. Population estimates were ~15,600 in 2019. These data provide the location of winter ranges for mule deer in the Doyle population...
The North of Interstate 40 (I-40) elk (Cervus canadensis) herd makes an annual migration throughout some of Arizona’s high elevation landscapes west of Flagstaff. The bulk of the herd resides in Arizona’s Game Management Unit (GMU) 7W during the summer and during the winter many migrate to GMU 10. The GMU 7W population had an estimate of 4,300 individuals in 2019, while the GMU 10 population had an estimate of 3,200. Like many elk in Arizona, only a portion of the herd is migratory. Summer range contains ponderosa pine forests and open prairies near Government Prairie and Sitgreaves Mountain. In the winter, the elk transition to gradually lower elevations and habitats dominated by pinyon-juniper woodlands. I-40...
map background search result map search result map Video Files Monarch View of the City: The Next Iteration Winter Ranges of Mule Deer in the Kaibab North Herd in Arizona Migration Corridors of Mule Deer in the San Francisco Peaks Herd in Arizona Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the San Francisco Peaks Herd in Arizona Migration Corridors of Mule Deer in the Paunsaugunt Plateau Herd in Utah Migration Corridors of Elk in the North of Interstate 40 Herd in Arizona Winter Ranges of Elk in the San Francisco Peaks Herd in Arizona Migration Stopovers of Elk in the Egg Lake Herd in California Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the Kaibab Herd in Arizona Annual Ranges of Mule Deer in the Rainbow Valley Herd in Arizona Migration Stopovers of Mule Deer in the Carson River Herd in California and Nevada Winter Ranges of Mule Deer in the Doyle Herd in California Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the Jawbone Ridge Herd in California Winter Ranges of Mule Deer in the Verdi-Truckee Herd in California and Nevada Migration Corridors of Pronghorn in the North of Interstate 40 Herd in Arizona Movement Data of Partially Migratory Brown Pelicans from the South Atlantic Bight Video Files Winter Ranges of Mule Deer in the Verdi-Truckee Herd in California and Nevada Annual Ranges of Mule Deer in the Rainbow Valley Herd in Arizona Winter Ranges of Mule Deer in the Doyle Herd in California Winter Ranges of Mule Deer in the Kaibab North Herd in Arizona Winter Ranges of Elk in the San Francisco Peaks Herd in Arizona Migration Corridors of Pronghorn in the North of Interstate 40 Herd in Arizona Migration Corridors of Elk in the North of Interstate 40 Herd in Arizona Migration Stopovers of Elk in the Egg Lake Herd in California Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the San Francisco Peaks Herd in Arizona Migration Corridors of Mule Deer in the San Francisco Peaks Herd in Arizona Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the Kaibab Herd in Arizona Migration Stopovers of Mule Deer in the Carson River Herd in California and Nevada Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the Jawbone Ridge Herd in California Migration Corridors of Mule Deer in the Paunsaugunt Plateau Herd in Utah Monarch View of the City: The Next Iteration Movement Data of Partially Migratory Brown Pelicans from the South Atlantic Bight