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Monthly measurements of milkweed stems were made in 2013 at Hastings Natural History Reservation. At the same time, arthropod communities were measured associated with each milkweed stem. Treatments were conducted in which a subset of milkweed stems were damaged each month.
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The USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center developed a Monarch Butterfly Relevant Land Cover data set covering the conterminous United States of America. This data set was used primarily to assist in forecasting the number of milkweed stems on the landscape. Milkweed are required by monarch butterflies for reproduction and one possible cause for the decline in monarch butterfly numbers is thought to be the loss of milkweed. We used the Cropland Data Layer 2015 as well as additional spatially explicit information to develop the monarch relevant land cover data set. Additional sources of information included 2014 United States Department of Agriculture Conservation Reserve Program enrollment locations; railroad,...
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There are three widely used neonicotinoid seed coat formulations that protect young crop plants (e.g. corn and soybean) against pest herbivory (thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and chlothianidin). These insecticides are systemic, meaning they can be absorbed and distributed throughout the plant. Once seeds germinate, the insecticides are translocated throughout the growing corn plant[6]. When the plant is consumed by herbivorous insects, the insect also consumes and is affected by the toxicity of the insecticide.Not all of the neonicotinoid insecticide remains with the seed or growing corn plant. Owing to their high water solubility, a portion of the insecticide is leached away from the seed reaching groundwater and...


    map background search result map search result map Monarch Butterfly Relevant Land Cover Data Set for the Conterminous United States of America Measurements of milkweeds and associated arthropods at Hastings Preserve, California in 2013 Effects of Chronic Neonicotinoid Insecticide Exposure upon Monarch Development Measurements of milkweeds and associated arthropods at Hastings Preserve, California in 2013 Effects of Chronic Neonicotinoid Insecticide Exposure upon Monarch Development Monarch Butterfly Relevant Land Cover Data Set for the Conterminous United States of America