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Many works have shown the potential of the Brazilian sugarcane industry as an electricity supplier. However, few studies have studied how this potential could be achieved without jeopardizing the production of sugar and ethanol. Also, the impact of modifications in the cogeneration plant on the costs of production of sugar and ethanol has not been evaluated. This paper presents an approach to the problem of exergy optimization of cogeneration systems in sugarcane mills. A general model to the sugar and ethanol production processes is developed based on data supplied by a real plant, and an exergy analysis is performed. A discussion is made about the variables that most affect the performance of the processes. Then,...
Based on the need to reduce CO2 emissions and minimize energy dependency, the EU Member States have set ambitious energy policies goals and have developed respective, specific regulations, in order to improve the energy performance of the building sector. Thus, specific measures regarding the buildings’ envelope, the use of efficient HVAC technologies and the integration of renewable energy systems are being constantly studied and promoted. The effective combination of these three main aspects will consequently result in maximum energy efficiency. Germany has played a key role in this development, with intensive work focusing in the improvement of the energy behaviour of the residential building stock. In this paper,...
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Multi-species recovery planning can be a challenging natural resource management task. In collaboration with state and federal agencies, and botanical and technical experts, we developed and tested a multi-step optimization process to assist in identifying the minimum climate resilient habitat for the recovery of multiple threatened, endangered, and at-risk plant species across east Maui, Hawaiʻi. Data include the underlying land-use configuration file, predictive climate models, list of plant species and number of populations to recover/protect, habitat and forest bird distribution information, presence of fencing, land management status, and naming protocol file. We identified a suite of potential conservation...
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Aquatic connectivity was modeled across the entire Landscape Conservation Cooperative geography at the catchmentand watershed scales. To evaluate aquatic connectivity, the density of dams and road crossings was used as these areknown to disrupt connectivity within aquatic systems. Connectivity data for dams and road crossings werecreated from the StreamCat database. The density of dams and roads was multiplied, at the catchment and watershedlevels, by the relative influence of each connectivity variable in the Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) models and then the connectivity variables were averaged. A single aquatic connectivity score was then assigned to each catchment. This aquaticconnectivity score was used to modify...
Environmental monitoring has been an ongoing activity on the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site in southeastern Washington for almost 50 years. Objectives are to detect and assess potential impacts of Site operations on air, surface and ground waters, foodstuffs, fish, wildlife, soil and vegetation. Data from monitoring effects are used to calculate the overall radiological dose to humans working onsite or residing in nearby communities. In 1989, measured Hanford Site perimeter concentrations of airborne radionuclides were below applicable guidelines. Concentrations of radionuclides and nonradiological water quality in the Columbia River were in compliance with applicable standards. Foodstuffs irrigated with...
The open-source, public domain JUPITER (Joint Universal Parameter IdenTification and Evaluation of Reliability) API (Application Programming Interface) provides conventions and Fortran-90 modules to develop applications (computer programs) for analyzing process models. The input and output conventions allow application users to access various applications and the analysis methods they embody with a minimum of time and effort. Process models simulate, for example, physical, chemical, and (or) biological systems of interest using phenomenological, theoretical, or heuristic approaches. The types of model analyses supported by the JUPITER API include, but are not limited to, sensitivity analysis, data needs assessment,...
Costs and benefits of building energy efficiency are estimated as a means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in Pittsburgh, PA and Austin, TX. The analysis includes electricity and natural gas consumption, covering 75% of building energy consumption in Pittsburgh and 85% in Austin. Two policy objectives were evaluated: maximize GHG reductions given initial budget constraints or maximize social savings given target GHG reductions. This approach evaluates the trade-offs between three primary and often conflicting program design parameters: initial capital constraints, social savings, and GHG reductions. Results suggest uncertainty in local stocks, demands, and efficiency significantly impacts anticipated outcomes....
The main purpose of this work is to assess the unavoidable increase in the cost of electricity of a generation system by the integration of the necessary renewable energy sources for power generation (RES-E) technologies in order for the European Union Member States to achieve their national RES energy target. The optimization model developed uses a genetic algorithm (GA) technique for the calculation of both the additional cost of electricity due to the penetration of RES-E technologies as well as the required RES-E levy in the electricity bills in order to fund this RES-E penetration. Also, the procedure enables the estimation of the optimum feed-in-tariff to be offered to future RES-E systems. Also, the overall...
ABSTRACT: The Upper Colorado River Basin contains appreciable amounts of undeveloped fuel resources. Large quantities of oil shale, coal, and uranium have attracted recent economic and commercial interests. Development of these resources and subsequent conversion to alternative energy forms require an adequate supply of water. Water use for large scale energy development will place increasing demands on an already overstressed allocation of Colorado River water. Present water quality is at a concentration where increased salinity will result in economic detriments to holders of downstream water rights. The salt and water exchange in mining, processing, and spent fuel disposal processes has been incorporated as part...
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Multi-species recovery planning can be a challenging natural resource management task. In collaboration with state and federal agencies, and botanical and technical experts, we developed and tested a multi-step optimization process to assist in identifying the minimum climate resilient habitat for the recovery of multiple threatened, endangered, and at-risk plant species across east Maui. Data include the underlying land-use configuration file, predictive climate models, list of plant species and number of populations to recover/protect, habitat and forest bird distribution information, presence of fencing, land management status, and naming protocol file. We identified a suite of potential conservation footprints...
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The city of Santa Barbara, in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) California Water Science Center, developed a three-dimensional density-dependent groundwater-flow and solute-transport model (the Santa Barbara Flow and Transport Model, or SBFTM), based on an existing groundwater-flow model, to simulate seawater intrusion into the Santa Barbara basin under various management strategies. In 2014, California adopted historic legislation to manage its groundwater: the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). Santa Barbara is interested in developing a better understanding of the sustainability of its groundwater supplies to avoid undesirable results: significant and unreasonable groundwater-level...
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Control of invasive sea lamprey recruitment from tributary streams is a major management objective in the Great Lakes, and benefits from barriers that prevent access to spawning habitat. As society moves toward removal of more tributary barriers due to concerns about native migratory fishes, aging infrastructure, and vulnerability to climate-driven flooding, it is important to assess the costs of alternative options for sea lamprey control. This project is integrating cost estimates for application of a lamprey-specific pesticide into cost-benefit optimization models used to support decisions about barrier removals that maximize restoration of habitat for native species. By integrating lamprey control options...
This project inventories and reviews available water resource models used to meet multiple (and often competing) water resource management objectives. Water resource modeling tools have been developed for many different regions and sub-basins of the Rio Grande/Bravo (RGB). Each of these tools have specific objectives, whether it is to explore drought mitigation alternatives, conflict resolution, climate change evaluation, tradeoff and economic synergies, water allocation, reservoir operations, or collaborative planning. We specifically evaluate the applicability of those models to evaluating trade-offs in meeting societal and environmental flow requirements to recover native ecosystems. This work communicates the...
Environmental monitoring has been an ongoing activity on the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site in southeastern Washington for almost 50 years. Objectives are to detect and assess potential impacts of Site operations on air, surface and ground waters, foodstuffs, fish, wildlife, soil and vegetation. Data from monitoring effects are used to calculate the overall radiological dose to humans working onsite or residing in nearby communities. In 1989, measured Hanford Site perimeter concentrations of airborne radionuclides were below applicable guidelines. Concentrations of radionuclides and nonradiological water quality in the Columbia River were in compliance with applicable standards. Foodstuffs irrigated with...
To help meet national energy demands, interest has been focused on the coal, oil shale, and uranium deposits of the Upper Colorado River Basin. Several energy output projections for the basin have been presented based upon water availability. Inherent in all these analyses are estimates as to the rate of water use in each energy development. New energy technologies are characterized by parameters extrapolated from small scale energy facilities. The data provide projected costs, conversion efficiencies, and material inputs and outputs. Alternative techniques for process cooling and solids handling provide variable rates of water use which affect other conversion parameters. Results from a mathematical model are used...
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Multi-species recovery planning can be a challenging natural resource management task. In collaboration with state and federal agencies, and botanical and technical experts, we developed and tested a multi-step optimization process to assist in identifying the minimum climate resilient habitat for the recovery of multiple threatened, endangered, and at-risk plant species across east Maui. The dataset presented here includes all metrics used to consider selection of units for the spatial optimization.
The main purpose of this work is to assess the unavoidable increase in the cost of electricity of a generation system by the integration of the necessary renewable energy sources for power generation (RES-E) technologies in order for the European Union Member States to achieve their national RES energy target. The optimization model developed uses a genetic algorithm (GA) technique for the calculation of both the additional cost of electricity due to the penetration of RES-E technologies as well as the required RES-E levy in the electricity bills in order to fund this RES-E penetration. Also, the procedure enables the estimation of the optimum feed-in-tariff to be offered to future RES-E systems. Also, the overall...
map background search result map search result map Integrating lampricide options into a decision support tool for barrier management in Great Lakes tributaries River extent of water related models in the Rio Grande/Bravo basin to test environmental flows NatureScape, Aquatic Appalachian LCC Final Watershed Scores SEAWAT model used to evaluate water management issues in the Santa Barbara and Foothill groundwater basins, California East Maui, Hawaiʻi optimization of climate resilient habitat for native plant species recovery, 2021 East Maui, Hawaiʻi input metrics for optimization of climate resilient habitat for native plant species recovery, 2021 East Maui, Hawaiʻi example solution demonstrating optimization of climate resilient habitat for native plant species recovery, 2021 SEAWAT model used to evaluate water management issues in the Santa Barbara and Foothill groundwater basins, California East Maui, Hawaiʻi optimization of climate resilient habitat for native plant species recovery, 2021 East Maui, Hawaiʻi input metrics for optimization of climate resilient habitat for native plant species recovery, 2021 East Maui, Hawaiʻi example solution demonstrating optimization of climate resilient habitat for native plant species recovery, 2021 River extent of water related models in the Rio Grande/Bravo basin to test environmental flows NatureScape, Aquatic Appalachian LCC Final Watershed Scores Integrating lampricide options into a decision support tool for barrier management in Great Lakes tributaries