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Synopsis: This study evaluates whether previous observations of a higher percentage of parasitism and parasitoid diversity in a complex agricultural landscape, relative to a simple landscape, represent a general phenomenon. Rates of parasitism and parasitoid diversity of the armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) were assessed in three replicate (Onondaga, Ingham, and Benton) regions in southern Michigan. Within each region, a simple landscape (primarily cropland) and a complex landscape (cropland intermixed with mid and late successional noncrop habitats) were identified through analysis of aerial photographs. In each landscape, three maize fields were selected, and second to fourth instar P. unipuncta were released...
1 Recent research has demonstrated important linkages between above- and below-ground components of terrestrial ecosystems, but the relationships between aerial parasitic plants, such as dwarf mistletoes, and below-ground organisms, such as mycorrhizal fungi, have not been examined in detail. 2 We examined the relationship between dwarf mistletoe infection, host vigour and the ectomycorrhizal colonization and fungal community composition of pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) using a combination of field observations and glasshouse studies. 3 High levels of dwarf mistletoe infection were not associated with increased mortality or needle loss of infected pinyons, but infected trees had lower shoot growth. 4 Ectomycorrhizal...
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Examination of gastrointestinal tracts of native cyprinids from the Little Colorado River (LCR) in Grand Canyon, Arizona, 1990-1994, revealed varying rates of prevalence and infrapopulation levels of Asian tapeworm (Bothriocephalus acheilognathi). Mean prevalence was 28% (range 0-78%) in humpback chub (Gila cypha) and 8% (range 0-46%) in speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus), with infrapopulations as high as 46 and 28, respectively. We also note Asian tapeworm infection of nonnatives common carp (Cyprinus carpio), fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), and plains killifish (Fundulus zebrinus) from the LCR. Reported pathogenic and chronic effects of this cestode to its definitive hosts add concern for the status of...
    map background search result map search result map Asian tapeworm (Bothriocephalus acheilognathi) in native fishes from the Little Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Arizona Does agricultural landscape structure affect parasistism and parasitoid diversity? Asian tapeworm (Bothriocephalus acheilognathi) in native fishes from the Little Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Arizona Does agricultural landscape structure affect parasistism and parasitoid diversity?