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Most current conservation literature focuses on the preservation of hotspots of species diversity and endemism, as if the two were geographically synonymous. At landscape scales this may not be the case. We collected data from 367 1000-m2 plots in the Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, Utah, USA, to show that: (1) the vast majority of plant species are locally rare; (2) species-rich areas are generally in rare, mesic, or high-elevation habitats such as aspen stands or riparian zones high in soil N and P; (3) endemic species (to the Colorado Plateau and the Monument) were generally found in relatively species-rich, but low-elevation, xeric vegetation type areas low in soil P; (4) unique species assemblages...
Previous studies of vegetation establishment in dam removal sites have shown that natural vegetation community establishment is highly variable and frequently includes species often considered undesirable in restorations. In this article, we examined two case studies where dam removal sites were planted with native species following dam removal in an effort to promote native species establishment and exclude invasive species. Some planted species established soon after the dam removals, but surveys four years later showed a decline in planted species and an increase in non-native species. In both cases, reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) became well established in the interval between surveys. A seedbank analysis...