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Summary Human activities have historically affected hydrology in the upper Midwestern United States, specifically through the conversion of forests and prairie grasslands to agricultural uses. The hydrologic impacts of land-use change due to settlement on the water balance of three Great Lakes states: Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan were analyzed using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) large-scale hydrology model, and changes in the spatial distribution of vegetation types were studied. Point model simulations demonstrated that the VIC model simulated changes in average annual and monthly evapotranspiration (ET) and total runoff response were in the same direction and had similar magnitudes to values from...
Summary Analysis of historical streamflow trends and their relationship to landscape characteristics is essential for understanding geographic differences in runoff within the Great Lakes basin and for distinguishing temporal trends from temporal variance. Factor analysis of streamflow records (1956–1988) from 32 US Geological Survey gauging stations within the Great Lakes basin revealed distinct spatio-temporal patterns of stream runoff within five different regions of the basin. Streams represented by the first annual factor occurred in southern Wisconsin and the lower peninsula of Michigan, and exhibited a linear increase in mean annual streamflow over the 33 year period caused by increased autumn and winter...
The text file "Air temperature.txt" contains hourly air temperature data in degrees Fahrenheit and associated data-source flags from January 1, 1948, to September 30, 2019. The primary data for water year 2019 (a water year is the 12-month period, October 1 through September 30, designated by the calendar year in which it ends) were downloaded from the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) (Argonne National Laboratory, 2019) and processed following the guidelines documented in Over and others (2010). The processed data were appended to ARGN18.WDM (Bera, 2019) and renamed as ARGN19.WDM. Missing and apparently erroneous data values were replaced with adjusted values from nearby weather stations used as “backup”. The Illinois...
The text file "Dewpoint temperature.txt" contains hourly dewpoint temperature data in degrees Fahrenheit and associated data-source flags from January 1, 1948, to September 30, 2020. The primary data for water year 2020 (a water year is the 12-month period, October 1 through September 30, designated by the calendar year in which it ends) were downloaded from the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) (Argonne National Laboratory, 2020) and they were processed following the guidelines documented in Over and others (2010). The processed data were appended to ARGN19.WDM (Bera, 2020) and renamed as ARGN20.WDM. Missing and apparently erroneous data values were replaced with adjusted values from nearby weather stations used...
Biological soil crusts (BSC) play a major role in water and nutrient fluxes in semi-arid and arid areas, affecting the establishment of vascular plants and contributing to the spatial arrangement of vegetated and open areas. However, little is known regarding their effects on the performance of extant vegetation. By using experimental manipulations (surface soil cutting and herbiciding), we evaluated the effect of the physical structure and the biotic component of smooth biological soil crusts on soil moisture dynamics, and on the nutrient and water status, growth rate, and reproductive effort of Stipa tenacissima tussocks in a semi-arid steppe. Soil moisture content was weakly reduced after cutting the soil surface...
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This dataset describes the storm event mean concentrations and loads of total and dissolved forms of phosphorus and nitrogen from paired samples collected in the control and test catchment during the calibration and treatment phase of a leaf removal study in Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Samples were collected in spring 2013 through fall 2015 and are parsed by season where spring represents April – May, summer represents June – September and fall represents October – November. Measured weather parameters for each sampled storm event are also described. These data are interpreted in a journal article published in Science of the Total Environment.
The ability to apply a hydrologic model to large numbers of basins for forecasting purposes requires a quick and effective calibration strategy. This paper presents a step wise, multiple objective, automated procedure for hydrologic model calibration. This procedure includes the sequential calibration of a model's simulation of solar radiation (SR), potential evapotranspiration (PET), water balance, and daily runoff. The procedure uses the Shuffled Complex Evolution global search algorithm to calibrate the U.S. Geological Survey's Precipitation Runoff Modeling System in the Yampa River basin of Colorado. This process assures that intermediate states of the model (SR and PET on a monthly mean basis), as well as the...
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Two distributed parameter models, a one-dimensional (1D) model and a two-dimensional (2D) model, are developed to simulate overland flow in two small semiarid shrubland watersheds in the Jornada basin, southern New Mexico. The models are event-based and represent each watershed by an array of 1-m2 cells, in which the cell size is approximately equal to the average area of the shrubs. Each model uses only six parameters, for which values are obtained from field surveys and rainfall simulation experiments. In the 1D model, flow volumes through a fixed network are computed by a simple finite-difference solution to the 1D kinematic wave equation. In the 2D model, flow directions and volumes are computed by a second-order...
This study uses an integrative approach to study the water-quality impacts of future global climate and land-use changes. In this study, changing land-use types was used as a mitigation strategy to reduce the adverse impacts of global climate change on water resources. The climate scenarios were based on projections made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United Kingdom Hadley Centre's climate model (HadCM2). The Thornthwaite water-balance model was coupled with a land-use model (L-THIA) to investigate the hydrologic effects of future climate and land-use changes in the Ohio River Basin. The land-use model is based on the Soil Conservation Service's curve-number method. It uses the curve...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality, Climatic changes, Data Visualization & Tools, Environment management, Freshwater, All tags...
The text file "Air temperature.txt" contains hourly data and associated data-source flag from January 1, 1948, to September 30, 2015. The primary source of the data is the Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois. The data-source flag consist of a three-digit sequence in the form "xyz" that describe the origin and transformations of the data values. They indicate if the data are original or missing, the method that was used to fill the missing periods, and any other transformations of the data. The user of the data should consult Over and others (2010) for the detailed documentation of this hourly data-source flag series. Reference Cited: Over, T.M., Price, T.H., and Ishii, A.L., 2010, Development and analysis of...
Restoration of ecological processes is key to restoring the capacity of ecosystems to support social, economic, cultural and aesthetic values. The sustainability of the restored system also depends on processes associated with carbon, nutrient and hydrologic cycles, yet most restoration monitoring is limited to plant community composition. Our research has shown that short-term plant composition monitoring is a necessary but insufficient predictor of long-term restoration success. Long-term (up to 75 years) studies in the western United States show that short-term monitoring of plant community composition alone incorrectly predicted the failure of treatments that were ultimately successful, and the success of treatments...
ARGN14.WDM contains nine data series: air temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (dsn 400), dewpoint temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (dsn 500), wind speed in miles per hour (dsn 300), solar radiation in Langleys (dsn 600), computed potential evapotranspiration in thousandths of an inch (dsn 200), and four flags data series for air temperature (dsn 410), dewpoint temperature (dsn 510), wind speed (dsn 310) and solar radiation (dsn 610) respectively from January 1,1948, to September 30, 2015. The primary source of the data is the Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois. To open this file user needs to install any of the utilities described in the section "The Related External Resources" in this page.
The text file "Wind speed.txt" contains hourly wind speed data in miles per hour and associated data source flags from January 1, 1948, to September 30, 2020. The primary data for water year 2020 (a water year is the 12-month period, October 1 through September 30, designated by the calendar year in which it ends) were downloaded from the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) (Argonne National Laboratory, 2020) and processed following the guidelines documented in Over and others (2010). The processed data were appended to ARGN19.WDM (Bera, 2020) and renamed as ARGN20.WDM. Missing and apparently erroneous data values were replaced with adjusted values from nearby weather stations used as “backup”. The hourly wind speed...
Soil surface roughness may significantly impact runoff and erosion under rainfall. A common perception is that runoff and erosion are decreased as a function of roughness because of surface ponding and increased hydraulic roughness that reduces effective flow shear stress. The objective of this study was to measure the effects of initial surface roughness on runoff and erosion under controlled laboratory conditions. Initially, rough and smooth surfaces were exposed to five simulated rainfall applications at 5% and 20% slopes. In all cases, runoff was delayed for the case of the initially rough surface; however, this effect was temporary. Overall, no statistical differences in either total runoff or erosion were...
The fundamental rationale for statistical downscaling is that the raw outputs of climate change experiments from General Circulation Models (GCMs) are an inadequate basis for assessing the effects of climate change on land-surface processes at regional scales. This is because the spatial resolution of GCMs is too coarse to resolve important sub-grid scale processes (most notably those pertaining to the hydrological cycle) and because GCM output is often unreliable at individual and sub-grid box scales. By establishing empirical relationships between grid-box scale circulation indices (such as atmospheric vorticity and divergence) and sub-grid scale surface predictands (such as precipitation), statistical downscaling...
ARGN16.WDM contains nine data series: air temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (dsn 400), dewpoint temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (dsn 500), wind speed in miles per hour (dsn 300), solar radiation in Langleys (dsn 600), computed potential evapotranspiration in thousandths of an inch (dsn 200), and four data-source flag series for air temperature (dsn 410), dewpoint temperature (dsn 510), wind speed (dsn 310) and solar radiation (dsn 610) respectively from January 1,1948, to September 30, 2016. The primary source of the data is the Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois. To open this file user needs to install any of the utilities described in the section "The Related External Resources" in this page.
ARGN17.WDM contains nine data series: air temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (dsn 400), dewpoint temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (dsn 500), wind speed in miles per hour (dsn 300), solar radiation in Langleys (dsn 600), computed potential evapotranspiration in thousandths of an inch (dsn 200), and four data-source flag series for air temperature (dsn 410), dewpoint temperature (dsn 510), wind speed (dsn 310) and solar radiation (dsn 610) respectively from January 1,1948, to September 30, 2017. The primary source of the data is Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne National Laboratory, 2017) and is processed following the guidelines documented in Over and others (2010). Daily potential evapotranspiration (PET) in...
Watershed Data Management (WDM) database file ARGN19.WDM is an update of ARGN18.WDM (Bera, 2019) with the processed data from October 1, 2018 through September 30, 2019, appended to it. The primary data were downloaded from the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) (Argonne National Laboratory, 2019) and processed following the guidelines documented in Over and others (2010). ARGN19.WDM file contains nine data series: air temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit (dsn 400), dewpoint temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit (dsn 500), wind speed, in miles per hour (dsn 300), solar radiation, in Langleys (dsn 600), computed potential evapotranspiration, in thousandths of an inch (dsn 200), and four data-source flag series for air...
Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are the dominant living cover in many drylands of the world. They possess many features that can influence different aspects of local hydrologic cycles, including soil porosity, absorptivity, roughness, aggregate stability, texture, pore formation, and water retention. The influence of biological soil crusts on these factors depends on their internal and external structure, which varies with climate, soil, and disturbance history. This paper presents the different types of biological soil crusts, discusses how crust type likely influences various aspects of the hydrologic cycle, and reviews what is known and not known about the influence of biological crusts on sediment production and...
map background search result map search result map One- and two-dimensional modelling of overland flow in semiarid shrubland, Jornada basin, New Mexico Concentration of total and dissolved forms of phosphorus and nitrogen from the control and test catchment during the calibration and treatment phase in Madison, WI (2013 - 2015) Catchment-flowline network and selected model inputs for an enhanced and updated spatially referenced statistical assessment of dissolved-solids load sources and transport in streams of the Upper Colorado River Basin Concentration of total and dissolved forms of phosphorus and nitrogen from the control and test catchment during the calibration and treatment phase in Madison, WI (2013 - 2015) One- and two-dimensional modelling of overland flow in semiarid shrubland, Jornada basin, New Mexico Catchment-flowline network and selected model inputs for an enhanced and updated spatially referenced statistical assessment of dissolved-solids load sources and transport in streams of the Upper Colorado River Basin