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Status and Distribution of Chihuahuan Desert Grasslands in the United States and Mexico Grasslands comprise a small part of the Chihuahuan Desert but are vital to the biological diversity of the ecoregion. Characteristic grasses of the Chihuahuan Desert are tobosa (Pleuraphis mutica) and black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda) but other common species include alakali sacaton (Sporobolus airoides), big alkali sacaton (S. wrightii), mesa dropseed (S. flexuosus), blue grama (B. gracilis), sideoats grama (B. curtipendula ), hairy grama (B. hirsuta), slender grama (B. filiformis), chino grama (B. brevista), spruce top grama (B. chondrosioides), bush muhly (Muhlenbergia porteri), several three awns (Aristida spp.), and fluff grass (Dasyochloa pulchela) (Johnson 1974, Dinerstein et al. 2000). Many of the sites discussed... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: English, Madrean, Spanish, agriculture, assessment, All tags... biodiversity, bird, climate, connectivity, desertification, ecoregion, endangered, fire, grazing, invertebrate, mammal, map, ownership, plant, priority, protected area, rare, reptile, scrub, shrub, threat, vegetation, wildlife, Fewer tags Extent and Condition of Grasslands in Arizona, Northern Mexico, and Southwestern New Mexico This file represents the final version of an assessment of the extent, condition, and distribution of grassland types in Arizona as indicated by expert interviews and field verification. Coverage includes the state of Arizona, Southwestern portions of the state of New Mexico, and the Northern portion of Sonora, Mexico. Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: English, GIS, Madrean, US, assessment, All tags... biodiversity, ecoregion, erosion, fire, grassland, grazing, management, plant, priority, restoration, shrub, vegetation, Fewer tags Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan The Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan (DRECP), a major component of California's renewable energy planning efforts, will help provide effective protection and conservation of desert ecosystems while allowing for the appropriate development of renewable energy projects. The DRECP is focused on the desert regions and adjacent lands of seven California counties - Imperial, Inyo, Kern, Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino, and San Diego. It is being prepared through an unprecedented collaborative effort between the California Energy Commission, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service also known as the Renewable Energy Action Team.... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: English, GIS, OHV, US, bird, All tags... burro, development, ecoregion, endangered, energy, erosion, fish, grassland, horse, land cover, mammal, management, map, ownership, plan, plant, protected area, rare, recreation, renewable, reptile, scrub, shrub, threatened, threats, vegetation, wildlife, Fewer tags Managing Changing Landscapes in the Southwestern United States Natural landscapes in the Southwestern United States are changing. In recent decades, rising temperatures and drought have led to drier conditions, contributed to large-scale ecological impacts, and affected many plant and animal species across the region. The current and future trajectory of climate change underscores the need for managers and conservation professionals to understand the impacts of these patterns on natural resources. In this regional assessment of the Southwest Climate Change Initiative, we evaluate changes in annual average temperatures from 1951–2006 across major habitats and large watersheds and compare these changes to the number of species of conservation concern that are found within these... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Chihuahuan Desert, English, Madrean, Mojave Desert, Sonoran Desert, All tags... US, assessment, biodiversity, bird, climate, ecoregion, endangered, grassland, groundwater, mammal, management, map, model, monitoring, ownership, plant, priority, protected area, rare, research, resilience, restoration, riparian, river, shrub, stream, threat, threatened, vulnerability, water, watershed, wetland, wildlife, Fewer tags Historical and Contemporary Geographic Data Reveal Complex Spatial and Temporal Responses of Vegetation to Climate and Land Stewardship Vegetation and land-cover changes are not always directional but follow complex trajectories over space and time, driven by changing anthropogenic and abiotic conditions. We present a multi-observational approach to land-change analysis that addresses the complex geographic and temporal variability of vegetation changes related to climate and land use. Using land-ownership data as a proxy for land-use practices, multitemporal land-cover maps, and repeat photography dating to the late 19th century, we examine changing spatial and temporal distributions of two vegetation types with high conservation value in the southwestern United States: grasslands and riparian vegetation. In contrast to many reported vegetation... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Arizona, climate, grassland, land cover, management, All tags... map, restoration, riparian, shrub, vegetation, Fewer tags Nevada Wildlife Action Plan Congress passed the State Wildlife Grants program (SWG) in 2001 in recognition of the need for funding of wildlife diversity programs. Congress mandated each state and territory to develop a Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy (now named Wildlife Action Plans) by 2005 in order to continue to receive federal funds through the SWG program. Nevada’s Wildlife Action Plan (WAP) was completed and approved by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in 2005. Nevada’s WAP has served as a plan of action for state wildlife conservation and funding by targeting the species of greatest conservation need and the key habitats on which they depend. To date, NDOW has received over $11 million in federal dollars through... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: climate, map, plan, priority, rare, All tags... shrub, threat, vegetation, vulnerability, wildlife, Fewer tags Response of vegetation distribution, ecosystem productivity, and fire to climate change scenarios for California The response of vegetation distribution, carbon, and fire to three scenarios of future climate change was simulated for California using the MC1 Dynamic General Vegetation Model. Under all three scenarios, Alpine/Subalpine Forest cover declined, and increases in the productivity of evergreen hardwoods led to the displacement of Evergreen Conifer Forest by Mixed Evergreen Forest. Grassland expanded, largely at the expense of Woodland and Shrubland, even under the cooler and less dry climate scenario where increased woody plant production was offset by increased wildfire. Increases in net primary productivity under the cooler and less dry scenario contributed to a simulated carbon sink of about 321 teragrams for California... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: California, English, climate, fire, grassland, All tags... land cover, map, model, shrub, vegetation, Fewer tags Sustaining the Grassland Sea Grasslands of the Sky Islands region once covered over 13 million acres in southeastern Arizona and adjacent portions of New Mexico, Sonora, and Chihuahua. Attempts to evaluate current ecological conditions suggest that approximately two thirds of these remain as intact or restorable grassland habitat. These grasslands provide watershed services such as flood control and aquifer recharge across the region, and continue to support dozens of species of concern. Prioritizing conservation interventions for these remaining grassland blocks has been challenging. Reliable data on condition and conservation value of grasslands in the region have not been systematically summarized. State and national boundaries further complicate... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Chihuahuan Desert, English, Madrean, Mexico, US, All tags... agriculture, assessment, bird, climate, climate, connectivity, development, ecoregion, endangered, erosion, fire, grassland, grazing, groundwater, invasive, land cover, mammal, management, map, mining, model, monitoring, ownership, plan, plant, priority, protected area, rare, reptile, restoration, riparian, scrub, shrub, stream, threat, threatened, vegetation, vulnerability, water, watershed, wetland, wildlife, Fewer tags Methods for measuring arctic and alpine shrub growth: A review Shrubs have increased in abundance and dominance in arctic and alpine regions in recent decades. This often dramatic change, likely due to climate warming, has the potential to alter both the structure and function of tundra ecosystems. The analysis of shrub growth is improving our understanding of tundra vegetation dynamics and environmental changes. However, dendrochronological methods developed for trees, need to be adapted for the morphology and growth eccentricity of shrubs. Here, we review current and developing methods to measure radial and axial growth, estimate age, and assess growth dynamics in relation to environmental variables. Recent advances in sampling methods, analysis and applications have improved... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: Dendrochronology, Dendroecology, Growth rings, Shrub, Stem increments, All tags... Tundra, Fewer tags Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Strategies for Natural Communities NatureServe worked with several federal, state, and NGO partners in the United States and Mexico to conduct a climate change vulnerability assessment of major natural community types found within the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts. The project focused on ten major upland, riparian, and aquatic community types, including pinyon-juniper woodlands, Joshua tree-blackbrush scrub, creosote-bursage scrub, salt desert scrub, Paloverde-mixed cacti scrub, semi-desert grassland, desert riparian and stream, riparian mesquite bosque, and desert springs. This effort piloted a new Habitat Climate Change Vulnerability Index (HCCVI) approach being developed by NatureServe, as a companion to an existing index for species. The project... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Arizona, BMP, Baja California, California, English, All tags... GIS, Mexico, Nevada, OHV, Sonora, US, Utah, agriculture, assessment, biodiversity, bird, climate, connectivity, contamination, development, ecoregion, energy, erosion, fire, fish, grassland, grazing, groundwater, invasive, invertebrate, mammal, management, map, mining, model, monitoring, plan, plant, priority, protected area, rare, recreation, renewable, reptile, research, resilience, restoration, riparian, river, road, scrub, shrub, soil, spring, stream, threat, vegetation, water, watershed, wildlife, Fewer tags Methods for measuring arctic and alpine shrub growth: A review Shrubs have increased in abundance and dominance in arctic and alpine regions in recent decades. This often dramatic change, likely due to climate warming, has the potential to alter both the structure and function of tundra ecosystems. The analysis of shrub growth is improving our understanding of tundra vegetation dynamics and environmental changes. However, dendrochronological methods developed for trees, need to be adapted for the morphology and growth eccentricity of shrubs. Here, we review current and developing methods to measure radial and axial growth, estimate age, and assess growth dynamics in relation to environmental variables. Recent advances in sampling methods, analysis and applications have improved... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: Dendrochronology, Dendroecology, Growth rings, Shrub, Stem increments, All tags... Tundra, Fewer tags Empirical analyses of plant-climate relationships for the western United States The Random Forests multiple-regression tree was used to model climate profiles of 25 biotic communities of the western United States and nine of their constituent species. Analyses of the communities were based on a gridded sample of ca. 140,000 points, while those for the species used presence-absence data from ca. 120,000 locations. Independent variables included 35 simple expressions of temperature and precipitation and their interactions. Classification errors for community models averaged 19%, but the errors were reduced by half when adjusted for misalignment between geographic data sets. Errors of omission for species-specific models approached 0, while errors of commission were less than 9%. Mapped climate... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: English, US, climate, grassland, land cover, All tags... map, model, shrub, vegetation, Fewer tags Assessment of Grassland Ecosystem Conditions in the Southwestern United States: Wildlife and Fish, Volume 2 This report is volume 2 of a two-volume ecological assessment of grassland ecosystems in the Southwestern United States. Broad-scale assessments are syntheses of current scientific knowledge, including a description of uncertainties and assumptions, to provide a characterization and comprehensive description of ecological, social, and economic components within an assessment area. Volume 1 of this assessment focused on the ecology, types, conditions, and management practices of Southwestern grasslands. Volume 2 (this volume) describes wildlife and fish species, their habitat requirements, and species-specific management concerns, in Southwestern grasslands. This assessment is regional in scale and pertains primarily... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: BMP, Chihuahuan Desert, English, Sonoran Desert, agriculture, All tags... amphibian, assessment, biodiversity, bird, climate, condition, connectivity, contamination, development, endangered, erosion, fire, fish, grassland, grazing, groundwater, invasive, invertebrate, land cover, mammal, management, map, mining, monitoring, ownership, plan, priority, program, protected area, rare, recreation, reptile, research, restoration, riparian, river, road, scrub, shrub, soil, spring, stream, terrestrial, threat, threatened, vegetation, vulnerability, water, watershed, wetland, wildlife, Fewer tags National Resources Inventory Rangeland Resource Assessment Information about the condition of the land and related natural resources is needed at many different scales to inform decision makers. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) gathers rangeland on-site data as part of the National Resources Inventory (NRI). This report focuses on information derived from NRI rangeland data collected on-site 2004 to 2011. The findings reported here focus on key issues in rangeland science, including rangeland health, non-native plant species, non-native and native invasive plant species, bare ground, inter-canopy gaps and soil surface aggregate stability. Future reports will provide monitoring results based on data collected at revisited... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: erosion, grassland, grazing, invasive, map, All tags... ownership, plant, shrub, soil, Fewer tags Assessment of Grassland Ecosystem Conditions in the Southwestern United States, Volume 1 This report is volume 1 of a two-volume ecological assessment of grassland ecosystems in the Southwestern United States. Broadscale assessments are syntheses of current scientific knowledge, including a description of uncertainties and assumptions, to provide a characterization and comprehensive description of ecological, social, and economic components within an assessment area. Volume 1 of this assessment focuses on the ecology, types, conditions, and management practices of Southwestern grasslands. The second volume, due to be published in 2005, describes wildlife and fish species, their habitat requirements, and species-specific management concerns, in Southwestern grasslands. This assessment is regional in... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: BMP, Chihuahuan Desert, English, GIS, OHV, All tags... Sonoran Desert, agriculture, amphibian, biodiversity, bird, climate, connectivity, contamination, cultural, development, endangered, energy, erosion, fire, fish, grassland, grazing, invasive, inventory, invertebrate, land cover, mammal, management, map, mining, model, monitoring, oil, ownership, plan, plant, priority, protected area, rare, recreation, reptile, research, resilience, restoration, riparian, road, scrub, shrub, soil, stream, threat, threatened, vegetation, vulnerability, water, watershed, wetland, wildlife, Fewer tags Climate Change in Grasslands, Shrublands, and Deserts of the Interior American West Recent research and species distribution modeling predict large changes in the distributions of species and vegetation types in the western interior of the United States in response to climate change. This volume reviews existing climate models that predict species and vegetation changes in the western United States, and it synthesizes knowledge about climate change impacts on the native fauna and flora of grasslands, shrublands and deserts of the interior American West. Species’ responses will depend not only on their physiological tolerances but also on their phenology, establishment properties, biotic interactions, and capacity to evolve and migrate. The volume is divided into eight chapters that cover the topics... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: adaptation, assessment, climate, grassland, management, All tags... shrub, vegetation, vulnerability, wildlife, Fewer tags A Linkage Network for the California Deserts The rapidly increasing demands being placed on our deserts points to the urgent need for a connectivity assessment that spans multiple jurisdictional boundaries and promotes the partnerships needed to implement a regional conservation strategy for this diverse and striking landscape. The vast scale of renewable energy developments proposed in the California deserts are likely to impact habitat connectivity, alter essential ecosystem functions, and eliminate opportunities for species to shift their ranges in response to climate change. The potential impacts of energy development on our existing public lands, specifically to wildlife and their ability to move across the landscape, are enormous. The primary goal of... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: BMP, California, GIS, OHV, assessment, All tags... biodiversity, climate, connectivity, development, endangered, energy, erosion, fire, grassland, grazing, groundwater, invasive, land cover, management, map, mining, model, ownership, plan, priority, protected area, rare, renewable, restoration, riparian, river, road, scrub, shrub, soil, spring, stream, threatened, vegetation, water, watershed, wetland, wildlife, Fewer tags Arizona’s State Wildlife Action Plan: 2012 - 2022 Arizona's Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy, or CWCS, was accepted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Acceptance Advisory Team in 2006. It was the culmination of a 2-year effort during which the Arizona Game and Fish Department solicited input from numerous experts, resource professionals, federal and state agencies, sportsmen groups, conservation organizations, Native American tribes, recreational groups, local governments, and private citizens and integrated those ideas and concerns into a single, comprehensive vision for managing Arizona’s fish, wildlife, and wildlife habitats over the next ten years. In the intervening five years, Arizona and its’ wildlife have seen many changes. To... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: grassland, management, map, model, monitoring, All tags... priority, rare, riparian, shrub, threat, water, Fewer tags