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Data are time series of substrate grain size, remotely sensed water column turbidity, and measures of abundance (e.g., density, percent cover) of the nearshore subtidal (3-17 m depth) benthic community (vegetation, invertebrates, and fish) collected before (2008-2011) and during dam removal (2012-2014).
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This portion of the data release presents the raw aerial imagery collected during the unmanned aerial system (UAS) survey of the intertidal zone at West Whidbey Island, WA, on 2019-06-04. The imagery was acquired using a Department of Interior-owned 3DR Solo quadcopter fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. Flights using both a nadir camera orientation and an oblique camera orientation were conducted. For the nadir flights (F04, F05, F06, F07, and F08), the camera was mounted using a fixed mount on the bottom of the UAS and oriented in an approximately nadir orientation. The UAS was flown on pre-programmed autonomous flight lines at an approximate altitude of 70 meters above ground...
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This portion of the data release presents a digital surface model (DSM) and hillshade image of the intertidal zone at West Whidbey Island, WA. The DSM has a resolution of 4 centimeters per pixel and was derived from structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of aerial imagery collected with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on 2019-06-04. Unlike a digital elevation model (DEM), the DSM represents the elevation of the highest object within the bounds of a cell. Vegetation, buildings and other objects have not been removed from the data. In addition, data artifacts resulting from noise in the original imagery have not been removed. The raw imagery used to create the DSM was acquired using a UAS fitted with a Ricoh GR II...
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Two dams on the Elwha River, Washington State, USA trapped over 20 million m3 of sediment, reducing downstream sediment fluxes and contributing to erosion of the river's coastal delta. The removal of the Elwha and Glines Canyon dams between 2011 and 2014 induced massive increases in river sediment supply and provided an unprecedented opportunity to examine the response of a delta system to changes in sediment supply. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed an integrated research program aimed at understanding the ecosystem responses following dam removal. The research program included repeated surveys of beach topography, nearshore bathymetry, and surface sediment grain size to quantify changes in delta morphology...
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This portion of the USGS data release presents topography data collected during surveys performed on the Elwha River delta, Washington, in May 2011 (USGS Field Activity Number W-04-11-PS). Topography data were collected on foot with global navigation satellite system (GNSS) equipment mounted on backpacks operating in Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) mode. A total of 3 GNSS backpacks, each equipped with a dual-frequency GNSS receiver and handheld data collector, were used during the survey. Differential corrections were transmitted at 1-Hz intervals by a VHF radio to the backpack GNSS receivers from a GNSS base station placed on a benchmark with known horizontal and vertical coordinates relative to the North American Datum...
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This part of the data release presents bathymetry data from the Elwha River delta collected in July 2016 using a kayak. The kayak was equipped with a single-beam echosounder and a survey-grade global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver.
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This portion of the USGS data release presents bathymetry data collected during surveys performed on the Elwha River delta, Washington in September 2010 (USGS Field Activity Number W-03-10-PS). Bathymetry data were collected using a small boat and a personal watercraft (PWC), each equipped with single-beam sonar systems and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. The sonar systems on the survey vessels consisted of an Odom Echotrac CV-100 single-beam echosounder and 200 kHz transducer with a 9° beam angle. Raw acoustic backscatter returns were digitized by the echosounder with a vertical resolution of 1.25 cm. Depths from the echosounders were computed using sound velocity profiles measured using a...
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We characterized seafloor sediment conditions near the mouth of the Elwha River from underwater photographs taken every four hours from September 2011 to December 2013. A digital camera was affixed to a tripod that was deployed in approximately 10 meters of water (Tripod location from September 2011 to April 2013: 48.15333, -123.55931; tripod location from April 2013 to December 2013: 48.15407, -123.55444). Each photograph was qualitatively characterized as one of six categories: (1) base, or no sediment; (2) low sediment; (3) medium sediment; (4) high sediment; (5) turbid; or (6) kelp. For base conditions, no sediment was present on the seafloor. Low sediment conditions were characterized by a light dusting of...
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This portion of the USGS data release presents bathymetry data collected during surveys performed on the Elwha River delta, Washington in July 2015 (USGS Field Activity Number 2015-648-FA). Bathymetry data were collected using two personal watercraft (PWCs), each equipped with single-beam sonar systems and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. The PWC sonar systems consisted of an Odom Echotrac CV-100 single-beam echosounder and 200 kHz transducer with a 9° beam angle. Raw acoustic backscatter returns were digitized by the echosounder with a vertical resolution of 1.25 cm. Depths from the echosounders were computed using sound velocity profiles measured using a YSI CastAway CTD during the survey....
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This part of the data release presents topography data from the Elwha River delta collected in August 2022. Topography data were collected on foot with global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers mounted on backpacks.
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This portion of the data release presents fish abundance data from samples collected in the Elwha River estuary, Washington, in 2006, 2007, 2013, and 2014 (no associated USGS Field Activities numbers because data were collected predominantly by biologists from the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe). We used the Puget Sound beach seining protocol (Simenstad and others, 1991) to sample fish populations in the Elwha River estuary complex. The beach seine was 38 m long x 2 m deep, with a 2 m x 2 m bag in the center of the net; mesh size was 3.18 mm, 6.35 mm, and 31.75 mm, for the bag, center panel, and wings, respectively. The seine net was deployed from bank to bank by a small skiff and then pulled on shore. The number of...
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This portion of the data release presents terrestrial invertebrate abundance data from samples collected in emergent and shrub vegetation along the edge of the Elwha River estuary, Washington, in 2007 and 2013 (no associated USGS Field Activities numbers because data were collected predominantly by biologists from the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe). We deployed terrestrial insect fallout traps at ten locations in the east estuary, five replicates each in shrub and emergent (littoral) vegetation habitats. Clear, rectangular traps (2,400 cm2 in 2007 and 3,526 cm2 in 2013) were filled with 5 cm of filtered soapy water and deployed for 72 hours. Invertebrate counts from 2013 were standardized to the 2007 bin size to account...
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This data set contains sensitive biological resource data for marine and estuarine vegetation in Puget Sound and Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington. Vector polygons in this data set represent locations of concentrations areas for kelp and eelgrass. Species-specific abundance, seasonality, status, life history, and source information are stored in relational data tables designed to be used in conjunction with this spatial data layer. This data set comprises a portion of the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) data for Puget Sound and Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington. ESI data characterize the marine and coastal environments and wildlife by their sensitivity to spilled oil. The ESI data include information for...
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This portion of the USGS data release presents sediment grain-size data from on the Elwha River delta, Washington in July and August, 2015 (USGS Field Activities 2015-648-FA and 2015-652-FA). Bed sediment was sampled using a small ponar, or 'grab', sampler on July 28, 2016 from the R/V Frontier at a total of 70 locations in water depths between approximately 1 and 17 m around the delta. An additional 17 samples were obtained by SCUBA divers between July 22 and August 23, 2015 using a 15 cm diameter push corer inserted into the seabed as far as possible to a maximum depth of 15 cm. Forty-eight samples were collected at low tide at intertidal locations on the delta. The locations of grab samples and intertidal samples...
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This portion of the USGS data release presents digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from bathymetric and topographic surveys conducted on the Elwha River delta in July 2018 (USGS Field Activity Number 2018-648-FA). Nearshore bathymetry data were collected using two personal watercraft (PWCs) and a kayak equipped with single-beam echosounders and survey-grade global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers. Topographic data were collected on foot with survey-grade GNSS receivers mounted on backpacks. Positions of the survey platforms were referenced to a GNSS base station placed on a benchmark with known horizontal and vertical coordinates relative to the North American Datum of 1983 (CORS96 realization)...
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Two dams on the Elwha River, Washington State, USA trapped over 20 million m3 of sediment, reducing downstream sediment fluxes and contributing to erosion of the river's coastal delta. The removal of the Elwha and Glines Canyon dams between 2011 and 2014 induced massive increases in river sediment supply and provided an unprecedented opportunity to examine the response of a delta system to changes in sediment supply. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed an integrated research program aimed at understanding the ecosystem responses following dam removal. The research program included repeated surveys of beach topography, nearshore bathymetry, and surface sediment grain size to quantify changes in delta morphology...
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This portion of the USGS data release presents digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from bathymetric and topographic surveys conducted on the Elwha River delta in February 2016 (USGS Field Activity Number 2016-608-FA). Nearshore bathymetry data were collected using two personal watercraft (PWCs) and a kayak equipped with single-beam echosounders and survey-grade global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers. Topographic data were collected on foot with survey-grade GNSS receivers mounted on backpacks. Positions of the survey platforms were referenced to a GNSS base station placed on a benchmark with known horizontal and vertical coordinates relative to the North American Datum of 1983 (CORS96 realization)...
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This portion of the USGS data release presents sediment grain-size data from samples collected on the Elwha River delta, Washington, in July 2017 (USGS Field Activity Number 2017-638-FA). Surface sediment was collected on July 20, 2017 at a total of 80 locations using a small ponar, or 'grab', sampler from the R/V Frontier in water depths between about 1 and 17 m around the delta. An additional 31 samples were collected by hand at low tide. A handheld global satellite navigation system (GNSS) receiver was used to determine the locations of sediment samples. Grab samples that yielded less than 50 g of sediment were omitted from analysis. The grain-size distributions of samples that yielded more than 50 g of sediment...
map background search result map search result map Sensitivity of Coastal Environments and Wildlife to Spilled Oil: Puget Sound and Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington (USA) - Marine Habitat (polygons) Digital elevation models (DEMs) of the Elwha River delta, Washington, February 2016 Nearshore bathymetry data from the Elwha River delta, Washington, July 2015 Surface-sediment grain-size distributions from the Elwha River delta, Washington, July 2015 Bathymetry, topography, and sediment grain-size data from the Elwha River delta, Washington, August 2012 Bathymetry and topography data from the Elwha River delta, Washington, May 2011 Topography data from the Elwha River delta, Washington, May 2011 Nearshore bathymetry data from the Elwha River delta, Washington, September 2010 Fish abundance in the Elwha River estuary, Washington, from 2006 to 2014 Terrestrial invertebrate abundance in the Elwha River estuary, Washington, in 2007 and 2013. Characterization of seafloor photographs near the mouth of the Elwha River during the first two years of dam removal (2011-2013) Data collected in 2008-2014 to assess nearshore subtidal community responses to increased sediment load during removal of the Elwha River dams, Washington State, USA Surface-sediment grain-size distributions of the Elwha River delta, Washington, July 2017 Nearshore bathymetry data from the Elwha River delta, Washington, January 2015, collected from kayak Nearshore bathymetry data from the Elwha River delta, Washington, January 2015, collected from personal watercraft Digital surface model (DSM) for the intertidal zone at West Whidbey Island, WA, 2019-06-04 Aerial imagery from UAS survey of the intertidal zone at West Whidbey Island, WA, 2019-06-04 Nearshore bathymetry data from the Elwha River delta, Washington, July 2016, collected from kayak Digital elevation models (DEMs) of the Elwha River delta, Washington, July 2018 Topography data from the Elwha River delta, Washington, August 2022 Terrestrial invertebrate abundance in the Elwha River estuary, Washington, in 2007 and 2013. Characterization of seafloor photographs near the mouth of the Elwha River during the first two years of dam removal (2011-2013) Fish abundance in the Elwha River estuary, Washington, from 2006 to 2014 Nearshore bathymetry data from the Elwha River delta, Washington, July 2016, collected from kayak Aerial imagery from UAS survey of the intertidal zone at West Whidbey Island, WA, 2019-06-04 Digital surface model (DSM) for the intertidal zone at West Whidbey Island, WA, 2019-06-04 Topography data from the Elwha River delta, Washington, May 2011 Nearshore bathymetry data from the Elwha River delta, Washington, September 2010 Nearshore bathymetry data from the Elwha River delta, Washington, January 2015, collected from personal watercraft Digital elevation models (DEMs) of the Elwha River delta, Washington, February 2016 Digital elevation models (DEMs) of the Elwha River delta, Washington, July 2018 Topography data from the Elwha River delta, Washington, August 2022 Surface-sediment grain-size distributions of the Elwha River delta, Washington, July 2017 Nearshore bathymetry data from the Elwha River delta, Washington, July 2015 Surface-sediment grain-size distributions from the Elwha River delta, Washington, July 2015 Data collected in 2008-2014 to assess nearshore subtidal community responses to increased sediment load during removal of the Elwha River dams, Washington State, USA Sensitivity of Coastal Environments and Wildlife to Spilled Oil: Puget Sound and Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington (USA) - Marine Habitat (polygons)