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Nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended-sediment loads, and changes in loads, in major rivers across the Chesapeake Bay watershed have been calculated using monitoring data from the Chesapeake Bay River Input Monitoring Network (RIM) stations for the period 1985 through 2019. Nutrient and suspended-sediment loads and changes in loads were determined by applying a weighted regression approach called WRTDS (Weighted Regression on Time, Discharge, and Season). The load results represent the total mass of nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended sediment that was exported from each of the RIM watersheds.
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In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a study of more than 50 major river basins across the Nation as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) project of the National Water-Quality Program. One of the major goals of the NAWQA project is to determine how water-quality conditions change over time. To support that goal, long-term consistent and comparable monitoring has been conducted on streams and rivers throughout the Nation. Outside of the NAWQA project, the USGS and other Federal, State, and local agencies also have collected long-term water-quality data to support their own assessments of changing water-quality conditions. Data from these multiple sources have been combined to support...
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Nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended-sediment loads, and changes in loads, in major rivers across the Chesapeake Bay watershed have been calculated using monitoring data from the Chesapeake Bay River Input Monitoring (RIM) Network stations for the period 1985 through 2021. Nutrient and suspended-sediment loads and changes in loads were determined by applying a weighted regression approach called WRTDS (Weighted Regression on Time, Discharge, and Season). Yields (representing the mass of constituent transported from a unit area of a given watershed) are used to compare the export loads from one basin to another. Yield results are obtained by dividing the annual load (pounds) of a given constituent by the respective...
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The RCMAP (Rangeland Condition Monitoring Assessment and Projection) dataset quantifies the percent cover of rangeland components across western North America using Landsat imagery from 1985-2023. The RCMAP product suite consists of ten fractional components: annual herbaceous, bare ground, herbaceous, litter, non-sagebrush shrub, perennial herbaceous, sagebrush, shrub, tree, and shrub height in addition to the temporal trends of each component. Several enhancements were made to the RCMAP process relative to prior generations. First, high-resolution training was revised using an improved neural-net classifier and modelling approach. These data serve as foundation to the RCMAP approach. The training database was...
Tags: AB, AZ, Alberta, Arizona, Arizona Plateau, All tags...
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The RCMAP (Rangeland Condition Monitoring Assessment and Projection) dataset quantifies the percent cover of rangeland components across western North America using Landsat imagery from 1985-2023. The RCMAP product suite consists of ten fractional components: annual herbaceous, bare ground, herbaceous, litter, non-sagebrush shrub, perennial herbaceous, sagebrush, shrub, tree, and shrub height in addition to the temporal trends of each component. Several enhancements were made to the RCMAP process relative to prior generations. First, high-resolution training was revised using an improved neural-net classifier and modelling approach. These data serve as foundation to the RCMAP approach. The training database was...
Tags: AB, AZ, Alberta, Arizona, Arizona Plateau, All tags...
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The RCMAP (Rangeland Condition Monitoring Assessment and Projection) dataset quantifies the percent cover of rangeland components across the western U.S. using Landsat imagery from 1985-2020. The RCMAP product suite consists of eight fractional components: annual herbaceous, bare ground, herbaceous, litter, non-sagebrush shrub, perennial herbaceous, sagebrush, shrub and rule-based error maps including the temporal trends of each component. Several enhancements were made to the RCMAP process relative to prior generations. We used an updated version of the 2016 base training data, with a more aggressive forest mask and reduced shrub and sagebrush cover bias in pinyon-juniper woodlands. We pooled training data in areas...
Tags: AZ, Arizona, Arizona Plateau, Black Hills, Blue Mountains, All tags...
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The RCMAP (Rangeland Condition Monitoring Assessment and Projection) dataset quantifies the percent cover of rangeland components across the western U.S. using Landsat imagery from 1985-2020. The RCMAP product suite consists of eight fractional components: annual herbaceous, bare ground, herbaceous, litter, non-sagebrush shrub, perennial herbaceous, sagebrush, shrub and rule-based error maps including the temporal trends of each component. Several enhancements were made to the RCMAP process relative to prior generations. We used an updated version of the 2016 base training data, with a more aggressive forest mask and reduced shrub and sagebrush cover bias in pinyon-juniper woodlands. We pooled training data in areas...
Tags: AZ, Arizona, Arizona Plateau, Black Hills, Blue Mountains, All tags...
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The RCMAP (Rangeland Condition Monitoring Assessment and Projection) dataset quantifies the percent cover of rangeland components across the western U.S. using Landsat imagery from 1985-2021. The RCMAP product suite consists of nine fractional components: annual herbaceous, bare ground, herbaceous, litter, non-sagebrush shrub, perennial herbaceous, sagebrush, shrub, and tree, in addition to the temporal trends of each component. Several enhancements were made to the RCMAP process relative to prior generations. First, we have trained time-series predictions directly from 331 high-resolution sites collected from 2013-2018 from Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (AIM) instead of using the 2016 “base” map as an intermediary....
Tags: AZ, Arizona, Arizona Plateau, Black Hills, Blue Mountains, All tags...
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The need to monitor change in sagebrush steppe is urgent due to the increasing impacts of climate change, shifting fire regimes, and management practices on ecosystem health. Remote sensing provides a cost-effective and reliable method for monitoring change through time and attributing changes to drivers. We report an automated method of mapping rangeland fractional component cover over a large portion of the Northern Great Basin, USA, from 1986 to 2016 using a dense Landsat imagery time series. 2012 was excluded from the time-series due to a lack of quality imagery. Our method improved upon the traditional change vector method by considering the legacy of change at each pixel. We evaluate cover trends stratified...
Tags: AZ, Arizona, Arizona Plateau, Black Hills, Blue Mountains, All tags...
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This U.S. Geological Survey Data Release contains the associated data described in the Scientific Investigations Report, "Trends in water quality of selected streams and reservoirs used for water supply in the Triangle area of North Carolina, 1989-2013". Since 1989, the U.S. Geological Survey and a consortium of local governments have tracked water-quality conditions and trends in the water-supply reservoirs and streams in the Triangle area of North Carolina located within the upper Cape Fear and Neuse River Basins. Temporal trends in water-quality were analyzed for thirteen stream and eight reservoir sites. Seventeen water-quality parameters and constituents were examined at these sites.
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Evaluating Decadal Changes in Groundwater Quality: Groundwater quality data were collected from 5,000 wells between 1988-2001 (first sampling event) by the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water-Quality Assessment Project. Samples are collected in groups of 20-30 wells with similar characteristics called networks. About 1,500 of these wells in 67 networks were sampled about 10 years later between 2002-2012 (second sampling event) to evaluate decadal changes in groundwater quality. Between 2012 and 2014 (third sampling event), a subset of these networks has been sampled again, allowing additional results to be displayed on the web page: Decadal changes in groundwater quality. Changes to this web page are referred...
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Nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended-sediment loads, and changes in loads, in major rivers across the Chesapeake Bay watershed have been calculated using monitoring data from the Chesapeake Bay River Input Monitoring Network (RIM) stations for the period 1985 through 2019. Nutrient and suspended-sediment loads and changes in loads were determined by applying a weighted regression approach called WRTDS (Weighted Regression on Time, Discharge, and Season). The load results represent the total mass of nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended sediment that was exported from each of the RIM watersheds. To determine the trend in loads, the annual load results are flow normalized to integrate out the year-to-year variability...
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Nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended-sediment loads, and changes in loads, in rivers across the Chesapeake Bay watershed have been calculated using monitoring data from the Chesapeake Bay Nontidal Network (NTN) stations for the period 1985 through 2016. Nutrient and suspended-sediment loads and changes in loads were determined by applying a weighted regression approach called WRTDS (Weighted Regression on Time, Discharge, and Season). The load results represent the total mass of nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended sediment that was exported from each of the NTN watersheds.
Why did nuclear energy policies in France, Sweden, and the United States, very similar at the time of the oil crisis of 1973 and 1974, diverge so greatly in the following years? In answering this question, James Jasper challenges one of the most popular trends in political analysis: explanations relying exclusively on political and economic structures to account for public policies. Jasper proposes a new cultural and state-centered approach--one heeding not only structural factors but cultural meanings, individual biographies, and elite discretion. Surveying the period from the successful commercialization of light-water-reactor technology in the early 1960s to the present, he explains the events that occurred after...
The Southern Appalachian forest region of the U.S.-a region responsible for 23% of U.S. coal production-has 24 billion metric tons of high quality coal remaining of which mountaintop coal mining (MCM) will be the primary extraction method. Here we consider greenhouse gas emissions associated with MCM terrestrial disturbance in the life-cycle of coal energy production. We estimate disturbed forest carbon, including terrestrial soil and nonsoil carbon using published U.S. Environmental Protection Agency data of the forest floor removed and U.S. Department of Agriculture - Forest Service inventory data. We estimate the amount of previously buried geogenic organic carbon brought to the soil surface during MCM using...
This viewpoint reviews renewable energy development in 14 markets that differ in market structure (restructured vs. not restructured), use of feed-in-tariff (FIT) (yes vs. no), transmission planning (anticipatory vs. reactive), and transmission interconnection cost allocated to a renewable generator (high vs. low). We find that market restructuring is not a primary driver of renewable energy development. Renewable generation has the highest percent of total installed capacity in markets that use a FIT, employ anticipatory transmission planning, and have loads or end-users paying for most, if not all, of the transmission interconnection costs. In contrast, renewable developers have been less successful in markets...
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Nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended-sediment loads, and changes in loads, in major rivers across the Chesapeake Bay watershed have been calculated using monitoring data from the Chesapeake Bay River Input Monitoring (RIM) Network stations for the period 1985 through 2020. Nutrient and suspended-sediment loads and changes in loads were determined by applying a weighted regression approach called WRTDS (Weighted Regression on Time, Discharge, and Season). The load results represent the total mass of nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended sediment that was exported from each of the RIM watersheds.
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In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a study of more than 50 major river basins across the Nation as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) project of the National Water-Quality Program. One of the major goals of the NAWQA project is to determine how water-quality conditions change over time. To support that goal, long-term consistent and comparable monitoring has been conducted on streams and rivers throughout the Nation. Outside of the NAWQA project, the USGS also has collected long-term water-quality data to support additional assessments of changing water-quality conditions. These data have been combined to provide insight into how natural features and human activities have contributed...
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Upper Plains (UP) Region. The U.S. Geological Survey Dakota Water Science Center, in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration, is analyzing annual peak-flow data to determine if trends are present and provide attribution of trends where possible. This dataset contains four core comma separated values (csv) files (50-year monotonic, 75-year monotonic, 50-year change point, and 75-change point). Each of the four core csv files includes the USGS gage identifier, various statistical values, primary and secondary attribution, level of evidence, and comments/citations. The comments/citations column should include any sources, in addition to the statistical values in the csv, that were needed to decide on the...
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Pacific Northwest (PNW) Region. The U.S. Geological Survey Dakota Water Science Center, in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration, is analyzing annual peak-flow data to determine if trends are present and provide attribution of trends where possible. This dataset contains four core comma separated values (csv) files (50-year monotonic, 75-year monotonic, 50-year change point, and 75-change point). Each of the four core csv files includes the USGS gage identifier, various statistical values, primary and secondary attribution, level of evidence, and comments/citations. The comments/citations column should include any sources, in addition to the statistical values in the csv, that were needed to decide...


map background search result map search result map Water-quality and streamflow datasets used in Seasonal Kendall trend tests for the Nation’s rivers and streams, 1972-2012 (output) Pesticide concentration and streamflow datasets used to evaluate pesticide trends in the Nation’s rivers and streams, 1992-2012 (output) Chesapeake Bay Nontidal Network 1985-2016: Annual loads Data from Decadal Change in Groundwater Quality Web Site, 1988-2014, Version 2.0 Data for trends in water quality of selected reservoirs used for water supply in the Triangle area of North Carolina, 1989-2013 Attributions for nonstationary peak streamflow records in the Upper Plains region, 1941-2015 and 1966-2015, and supporting information Attributions for nonstationary peak streamflow records in the Pacific Northwest region, 1941-2015 and 1966-2015, and supporting information Remote Sensing Shrub/Grass National Land Cover Database (NLCD) Back-in-Time (BIT) Products for the Western U.S., 1985 - 2018 Chesapeake Bay River Input Monitoring Network 1985-2019: Annual loads Chesapeake Bay River Input Monitoring Network 1985-2019: Short- and long-term trends Rangeland Condition Monitoring Assessment and Projection (RCMAP) Fractional Component Time-Series Across the Western U.S. 1985-2020 - Perennial Herbaceous Chesapeake Bay River Input Monitoring Network 1985-2020: Monthly loads Rangeland Condition Monitoring Assessment and Projection (RCMAP) Fractional Component Time-Series Across the Western U.S. 1985-2020 - Trends Chesapeake Bay River Input Monitoring Network 1985-2021: Average annual yields Rangeland Condition Monitoring Assessment and Projection (RCMAP) Sagebrush Fractional Component Time-Series Across the Western U.S. 1985-2021 Rangeland Condition Monitoring Assessment and Projection (RCMAP) Annual Herbaceous Fractional Component Time-Series Across Western North America from 1985-2023 Rangeland Condition Monitoring Assessment and Projection (RCMAP) Sagebrush Fractional Component Time-Series Across Western North America from 1985-2023 Data for trends in water quality of selected reservoirs used for water supply in the Triangle area of North Carolina, 1989-2013 Chesapeake Bay Nontidal Network 1985-2016: Annual loads Chesapeake Bay River Input Monitoring Network 1985-2019: Annual loads Chesapeake Bay River Input Monitoring Network 1985-2019: Short- and long-term trends Chesapeake Bay River Input Monitoring Network 1985-2020: Monthly loads Chesapeake Bay River Input Monitoring Network 1985-2021: Average annual yields Attributions for nonstationary peak streamflow records in the Pacific Northwest region, 1941-2015 and 1966-2015, and supporting information Attributions for nonstationary peak streamflow records in the Upper Plains region, 1941-2015 and 1966-2015, and supporting information Rangeland Condition Monitoring Assessment and Projection (RCMAP) Annual Herbaceous Fractional Component Time-Series Across Western North America from 1985-2023 Rangeland Condition Monitoring Assessment and Projection (RCMAP) Sagebrush Fractional Component Time-Series Across Western North America from 1985-2023 Rangeland Condition Monitoring Assessment and Projection (RCMAP) Sagebrush Fractional Component Time-Series Across the Western U.S. 1985-2021 Remote Sensing Shrub/Grass National Land Cover Database (NLCD) Back-in-Time (BIT) Products for the Western U.S., 1985 - 2018 Rangeland Condition Monitoring Assessment and Projection (RCMAP) Fractional Component Time-Series Across the Western U.S. 1985-2020 - Perennial Herbaceous Rangeland Condition Monitoring Assessment and Projection (RCMAP) Fractional Component Time-Series Across the Western U.S. 1985-2020 - Trends Pesticide concentration and streamflow datasets used to evaluate pesticide trends in the Nation’s rivers and streams, 1992-2012 (output) Data from Decadal Change in Groundwater Quality Web Site, 1988-2014, Version 2.0 Water-quality and streamflow datasets used in Seasonal Kendall trend tests for the Nation’s rivers and streams, 1972-2012 (output)