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The 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption and accompanying summit collapse of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, comprised one of the most impactful events on the volcano in the past 200 years, with hundreds of homes destroyed and major changes in the topography of the summit caldera. The opening stages of this eruptive sequence started on 30 April, when a magmatic dike began moving east from Puʻuʻōʻō, a cone with a central crater that was the vent region for Kīlauea’s 35-year middle East Rift Zone eruption starting in 1983. The rapid migration of magma from beneath Puʻuʻōʻō caused its crater floor to drop over 300 m. This data release includes a three-dimensional model of Puʻuʻōʻō and the collapse crater, constructed...
These processed data and provisional codes were created to investigate seismic velocity changes associated with the collapse of Kīlauea caldera during its 2018 eruption. Primary data (i.e., seismic waveforms) are hosted at the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS; https://www.iris.edu/) and are ingested by the codes included here to reproduce the data analyzed in Hotovec-Ellis et al., 'Earthquake-derived seismic velocity changes during the 2018 caldera collapse of Kīlauea volcano.' The included code ('cwire' short for Coda Wave Interferometry with Repeating Earthquakes) takes a catalog of earthquakes clustered by waveform similarity (e.g., REDPy, https://github.com/ahotovec/REDPy/) and processes...
The 2018 eruption from the lower East Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano, on the Island of Hawaiʻi, was one of the most significant and destructive events on the volcano in the past 200 years (Neal and others, 2019; Patrick and others, 2020; Anderson and others, 2023; Mulliken and others, 2024). Between May and September of that year, 24 fissures opened on the lower flank of the volcano, producing lava fountains and expansive lava flows that covered an area of 36 km2 (Neal and others, 2019; Zoeller and others, 2020). Effusion rates at the dominant vent, fissure 8, were often >100 m3 s-1, and the total eruptive volume is estimated at 0.9–1.4 km3 (Dietterich and others, 2021) making it one of the most voluminous effusive...
These data are microgravity measurements collected at the summit of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Data are collected using multiple instruments, with each file representing measurements from a specific instrument during a specific time period. The data dictionary explains the file format and contents, and the dataset will be updated as new measurements are collected.
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Geophysics,
Hawaii County 2,
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Volcanology,
This Data Release contains continuous gravity records from two instruments on Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi: the HOVL gravimeter, located on the east rim of Halemaʻumaʻu Crater directly above the 2008-2018 summit eruptive vent, and the PUOC gravimeter, located on northern rim of Puʻu ʻŌʻō crater on Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone. Both instruments were collocated with GNSS stations. The HOVL gravimeter was installed in 2010 and operated until 2018, when it was destroyed by summit collapse. The PUOC gravimeter was installed in 2013 and operated until 2018, when it was removed following the cessation of eruptive activity at Puʻu ʻŌʻō. Although both gravimeters have data gaps of varying lengths owing to equipment outages, the...
This dataset contains Unoccupied Aircraft Systems (UAS) footage from the 2018 summit collapse of Kīlauea Volcano, Island of Hawai‘i. The intrusion of magma into Kīlauea’s lower East Rift Zone triggered draining of the summit lava lake and magma withdrawal from the shallow reservoir. This resulted in 62 subsequent collapse events at the summit between May and early-August 2018. Each collapse event released energy equivalent to a magnitude-5.3 earthquake. The total collapse volume was about 0.8 km^3, with subsidence of more than 500 m in some places. There are 73 UAS videos in this publication, recorded from May 19 to September 5, which have been separated into subpages by month. Sub-pages for each month also contain...
In May 2018, the onset of new eruptive activity on the lower flank of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, accompanied the draining of the lava lake at the summit, 40 km upslope. The lava lake draining lasted over seven days, and transitioned into the largest collapse event at the summit of Kīlauea in over 200 years, with the paired flank and summit activity marking a historic episode in the modern record of Kīlauea. We present two important datasets that characterize draining of the Kīlauea summit lava lake in 2018. First, we present high-precision elevation data of the lava lake surface measured by an industrial laser rangefinder. To our knowledge, this is the highest-precision lava lake elevation data ever collected over...
This dataset contains Unoccupied Aircraft Systems (UAS) footage from the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano’s lower East Rift Zone (LERZ), Island of Hawai‘i. The four-month-long eruption, from May 3 to September 5, produced lava flows that destroyed 723 structures, inundated 35.5 km2 of land, and added 3.5 km2 of new land to the Island of Hawai‘i. There are 1178 UAS videos in this publication, recorded from May 27 to September 8, which have been separated into sub-pages by month. Videos taken during each month are separated into zipped files by date (YYYY/MM/DD) and location. Sub-pages for each month also contain a ReadMe text file with information pertaining to the videos, including flight end time, video duration,...
In 2018, a large effusive eruption on the lower flank of Kīlauea Volcano was associated with collapse and subsidence of the summit caldera floor (Neal and others, 2019). The bottom of Halemaʻumaʻu, a crater nested within the summit caldera, subsided by more than 500 m. In July 2019, water was observed ponding on the deepest part of the Halemaʻumaʻu crater floor and the water rose and enlarged in area steadily over the next 16 months (Ingebritsen and others, 2020; Nadeau and others, 2020; Patrick and others, 2021). During the course of the rise, the lake surface appearance was highly dynamic and segmented, showing regions of variable color that changed from day to day (Nadeau and others, 2020). In June 2020 staff...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Halemaʻumaʻu,
Hydrology,
Kīlauea Crater,
Remote Sensing,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
This product includes rose diagrams and tables of wind patterns at volcanoes listed in the Smithsonian Institution’s Volcanoes of the World Database. At each volcano, the speed and direction of wind above the volcano were read from output of the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 model, at twice-daily intervals from January 1, 1990 to December 28, 2009. These results were then plotted as 20 wind rose diagrams, divided into four seasons and five elevation intervals, and as one summary plot for year-round winds at 0-5 km elevation above sea level. Rose petals indicate the downwind direction of the wind vector. These rose diagrams are wrapped into a single zip file for each volcano. Also included in the zip file are five...
This USGS data release includes data related to the Science magazine manuscript “Cyclic lava effusion during the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano” by Patrick et al. The data release includes 1) original video as well as thermal, and timelapse images of lava in the proximal Fissure 8 channel, 2) derived estimates of lava level in the channel and bulk effusion rates (not corrected for vesicles), 3) infrasound data, and 4) other miscellaneous supporting data. The manuscript abstract is as follows: “Lava flows present a recurring threat to communities on active volcanoes, and volumetric eruption rate is one of the primary factors controlling flow behavior and hazard. The timescales and driving forces of eruption rate...
At 11:21 p.m. (Hawaii Standard Time [HST]) on November 27, 2022, Mauna Loa volcano on the Island of Hawaiʻi started erupting from fissures at its summit caldera, Mokuʻāweoweo. This was followed shortly afterwards by the opening of a segment of fissures in the direction of the Southwest Rift Zone. These were mostly within the structural boundary of the caldera, so their location is denoted as ‘South Caldera,’ with the exception of a short fissure that extended into the uppermost Southwest Rift Zone. By November 28, activity had shifted to four fissures that opened in the upper Northeast Rift Zone (Lynn and others, 2023). By December 2, eruptive activity was focused from Northeast Rift Zone fissure 3A supplying lava...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Chemical Analyses,
Geochemistry,
Grain Shape,
Grain Size,
Island of Hawaiʻi,
Data Description Campaign microgravity surveys have been conducted at Kīlauea, Hawai‘i (USA), since 1975 (Dzurisin and others, 1980) and, when combined with deformation measurements, enable insights into mass change within the volcano (Jachens and Eaton, 1980; Johnson, 1992; Kauahikaua and Miklius, 2003; Johnson and others, 2010; Bagnardi and others, 2014; Poland and others 2019). For example, microgravity surveys between 1975-2008 measured residual gravity increases of up to 0.450 mGal across the volcano’s summit and have been interpreted as filling of void space by magma (Johnson and others, 2010). In March 2008 a new long-lived eruption began within Kīlauea’s Halema‘uma‘u crater (Wilson and others, 2008) which...
Hot Creek Gorge contains the most obvious surface expression of the hydrothermal system in Long Valley Caldera, California, discharging 200-300 L/s of thermal water according to USGS measurements made since 1988. Formerly, Hot Creek was a popular public swimming area, but it was closed in 2006 due to unpredictable temperature fluctuations and sporadic geysering of thermal water within the creek (Evans et al., 2018). The USGS has monitored the thermal regime in the area since the mid-1980s, including a series of long-term studies 0.6 km away at well CH-10b. Temperature measurements in the ~100 m deep well, which have been performed on an intermittent basis since it was drilled in 1983, reveal a complex temperature...
Categories: Data;
Tags: California,
Hot Creek,
Long Valley Caldera,
Mono County,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
The 35-year-long Puʻuʻōʻō eruption, on the East Rift Zone of Kīlauea Volcano, was the longest volcanic eruption on the Island of Hawaiʻi in the past 100 years (Wright and Klein 2014; Mulliken and others 2023). The eruption, whose vent area was focused at and around Puʻuʻōʻō cone, produced episodic fountaining in its initial few years followed by decades of effusive activity that created an expansive lava flow field (Heliker and Mattox 2003; Orr and others 2015). While vents erupted on the flank of the cone, the activity within the cone’s crater often consisted of lava lakes, lava flows, and small spattering hornitos (Heliker and Mattox 2003; Heliker and others 2003). The crater also experienced several cycles of...
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