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Climate change threatens plants and animals across the US, making it important to have tools that can efficiently assess species’ vulnerabilities. In this project, CASC scientists and NatureServe are collaborating to update a popular Climate Change Vulnerability Index to include the latest scientific data, improved metrics, and new user-friendly technology. The tool will help state biologists and scientists prioritize conservation efforts, and in time for preparing updates to State Wildlife Action Plans that are due by 2025. Climate change is impacting our nation’s plants and animals. To take preventative actions, public land managers need to know which species are most threatened, and how. In other words, biologists...
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Recent catastrophic droughts and wildfires have killed almost 20% of mature giant sequoia trees across California, and it is uncertain whether natural seedling regeneration will be enough to restore these forests, especially in severely burned areas. Researchers supported by this Southwest CASC project will assess whether soil conditions, such as moisture and soil microbial communities can increase sequoia seedling survival. Findings from this project will help land managers identify the most effective replanting strategies and determine which areas are more or less likely to support successful sequoia seedling regeneration. Ancient groves of giant sequoia trees inspire people all over the world. Recently, however,...
Motivated by the need for a means to rapidly assess the vulnerability of species to climate change, NatureServe developed a Climate Change Vulnerability Index (CCVI) in the early 2010s. The CCVI has gone through several revisions, including the widely used version 3.0 in 2016. This latest release (4.0), represents the first revision since 2016 and is now available as a web-based online version and as a downloadable Excel Workbook version. The CCVI uses a scoring system that integrates a species’ exposure to projected climate change within an assessment area, including consideration of sea level rise where applicable, and three sets of factors associated with adaptive capacity, each supported by published studies:...
The rapid diversification of terminology associated with invasion ecology is a known barrier to effective communication and management. These challenges are magnified by the addition of terms and concepts related to climate-induced range-shifting taxa and/or changes to impacts. Further, institutional policies and terminologies for invasive species introduce new ambiguities when considering climate change. To alleviate communication and application challenges, we introduce a conceptual framework that organizes climate-related invasion terms, revealing ambiguities and gaps. Additionally, we illustrate how these ambiguities can affect management with four case studies and consider situations where resolution can improve...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation
Responding to climate impacts and expanding adaptation efforts necessitates getting the right knowledge and tools in the hands of land managers and decision-makers. In 2022–2023, several regional US Geological Survey Climate Adaptation Science Centers partnered with the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) Science Applications Program on the first targeted climate training series designed for the FWS Grassland Ecosystem Team. This training spanned multiple months and formats with self-paced virtual lessons, webinars, and an in-person workshop. As the FWS Grassland Ecosystem Team is tasked with conservation planning for grassland birds and other species, the focus of the workshop was an interactive collaborative activity...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation
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Pinyon-juniper woodlands are important ecosystems in the western U.S. that provide numerous critical environmental, economic, and cultural benefits. For example, pinyon pines are a significant cultural resource for multiple Native American Tribes and provide necessary habitat for plants and wildlife (including at risk species, such as the pinyon-jay). Despite their importance, stress put on pinyon-juniper woodlands by wildfires and other interacting effects of climate change are causing major population declines of these woodland trees. Such changes to pinyon-juniper woodlands lead to uncertainty for land managers on best practices for protecting these ecosystems from stand replacing fire (where most or all of...
Climate change is leading to global increases in extreme events, such as drought, that threaten the persistence of freshwater biodiversity. Identification and management of drought refuges, areas that promote resistance and resilience to drought, will be critical for preserving and recovering aquatic biodiversity in the face of climate change and increasing human water use. Although several reviews have addressed the effects of droughts and highlighted the role of refuges, a need remains on how to identify functional refuges that can be used in a drought management framework to support fish assemblages. We synthesize literature on drought refuges and propose a framework to identify and manage functional refuges...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation
Terrestrial evapotranspiration is the second-largest component of the land water cycle, linking the water, energy, and carbon cycles and influencing the productivity and health of ecosystems. The dynamics of ET across a spectrum of spatiotemporal scales and their controls remain an active focus of research across different science disciplines. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of ET science across in situ measurements, partitioning of ET, and remote sensing, and discuss how different approaches complement one another based on their advantages and shortcomings. We aim to facilitate collaboration among a cross-disciplinary group of ET scientists to overcome the challenges identified in this paper and...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation
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Climate change threatens keystone plant communities and insects that make up the base of functional food webs, but restoration practitioners struggle to factor climate considerations into restoration projects for a number of practical reasons. Researchers supported by this National CASC project will create a trait-based plant vulnerability assessment to guide restoration practitioners in selecting climate-resilient keystone native plants that ensure the Mid-Atlantic Temperate Forest and South Central Great Plains ecoregions. In terrestrial systems, food webs are built on co-evolved interactions between plants and insects, and some plants are disproportionately important for supporting these webs. For example,...
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The sandbar willow of the Klamath River is used within the Karuk Tribe’s ongoing cultural practices of basketweaving. The willow has been threatened by intensifying fire and dams, but restoration and the recent historical dam removals provide an opportunity to increase the quantity, quality, and access to this important resource. Researchers supported by this Southwest CASC project will study how these interacting factors affect the sandbar willow and how restoration can reverse trends in willow degradation. The project will support Karuk Tribe eco-cultural goals through willow monitoring, climate adaptation planning, and educational initiatives. Sandbars of the Klamath River, part of the Karuk and Yurok Tribes’...
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Increasing wildfire activity in the western US poses profound risks for human communities and ecological systems. Recent fire years are characterized not only by expanding area burned but also explosive fire growth. In 2020, several fires grew by >100,000 acres within a 24-hour period. Extreme single-day fire spread events such as these are poorly understood but disproportionately responsible for wildfire impacts: just the top 1% of fire spread events account for 20% of annual area burned. Extreme events are linked to warmer and drier conditions, and we project that their frequency could double under future climate. Extreme fire spread events defy suppression and overcome traditional fuels reductions treatments,...
map background search result map search result map Determining Successful Management and Restoration Strategies for Pinyon-Juniper Communities in the Face of Changing Climate and Wildfire Understanding Extreme Wildfire Events to Manage for Fire-Resistant and Resilient Landscapes Developing a next-generation Climate Change Vulnerability Index in support of climate-informed natural-resource management After the Dams: Fire Impacts and Restoration Opportunities for a Culturally Important Klamath River Willow Increasing Giant Sequoia Reforestation Success after Catastrophic Wildfire Using Soil and Microbial Indicators 'Climate-Smart' Keystone Native Plants for Restoration in a Changing Climate Increasing Giant Sequoia Reforestation Success after Catastrophic Wildfire Using Soil and Microbial Indicators After the Dams: Fire Impacts and Restoration Opportunities for a Culturally Important Klamath River Willow Determining Successful Management and Restoration Strategies for Pinyon-Juniper Communities in the Face of Changing Climate and Wildfire 'Climate-Smart' Keystone Native Plants for Restoration in a Changing Climate Understanding Extreme Wildfire Events to Manage for Fire-Resistant and Resilient Landscapes Developing a next-generation Climate Change Vulnerability Index in support of climate-informed natural-resource management