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A century of fire exclusion across many forest types in the western U.S. has resulted in unforeseen changes, including high fuel accumulations, high densities of trees, and increasing dominance of fire-intolerant species. These changes are particularly acute in forests that historically experienced high frequency and low severity fires. In response, the NPS Pacific-West region supports a large prescribed fire program to reduce understory fuels and forest density. Prescribed fire has been generally successful at reducing understory fuels and threats of catastrophic fire, and treated stands are expected to be more resistant to future wildfire. Less well understood is how well prescribed fire confers resistance to...
This dataset contains values of the Palmer Hydrological Drought Index (PHDI) for annual and seasonal periods from 1985-2012. Values are derived from data based on National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) climate divisions, of which there are 344 in the U.S.
Measures used to assess the vulnerability of streamflow in 326 river basins to the 2015 drought in the western United States.
These data were collected from 27 April 2017 through 4 Septmber 2017. Data are measurements of plant physiology collected using a LI-COR LI-6400XT Portable Photosynthesis System. Methods detailed in: Lahr, E.C., Backe, K.M. & Frank, S.D. Intraspecific variation in morphology, physiology, and ecology of wildtype relative to horticultural varieties of red maple (Acer rubrum). Trees 34, 603–614 (2020).
Groundwater Annual Drought Metrics -------------------------------- Percentile Annual Metrics -Total duration below threshold: The number of days of the year where flow percentiles are below the threshold. -Longest Duration below threshold: The longest continuous period in a year where flow percentiles are below the threshold. -Total volume below threshold: The volume of days of the year where flow percentiles are below the threshold. -Largest volume below threshold: The largest volume of a continuous period in a year where flow percentiles are below the threshold. -Minimum percentile: the lowest flow percentile in a year. -------------------------------- Percentile Event Metrics -Total drought volume: Annual...
Climate often drives ungulate population dynamics, and as climates change, some areas may become unsuitable for species persistence. Unraveling the relationships between climate and population dynamics, and projecting them across time, advances ecological understanding that informs and steers sustainable conservation for species. Using pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) as an ecological model, we used a Bayesian approach to analyze long-term population, precipitation, and temperature data from 18 subpopulations in the southwestern United States. We determined which long-term (12 and 24 months) or short-term (gestation trimester and lactation period) climatic conditions best predicted annual rate of population growth...
Categories: Data;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Antilocapra americana,
Arizona,
Drought,
Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather,
Mammals,
A table is presented listing: (1) USGS Gage Station Numbers, (2) Model Identification Tags, (3) Model Term Estimates, (4) Model Term Fit Statistics, and (5) Model Performance Indices for Maximum Likelihood Logistic Regression (MLLR) Models estimating hydrological drought probabilities in the United States. Models were developed using streamflow daily values (DV) readily available from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System (NWIS) and mean monthly streamflows readily computed from NWIS streamflow DV. Models were prepared for 9,144 sites throughout the United States as described in: Modeling Summer Month Hydrological Drought Probabilities In The United States Using Antecedent Flow Conditions...
Categories: Data;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Puerto Rico,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
United States of America,
decision support systems,
drought,
Precipitation amounts, and frequencies are major regulators of soil heat-load profiles as the interval between rainfall events allows for increased heat storage during cloudless days. The extreme drought of 2011 and the subsequent Flash Drought that occurred in summer, 2012, developed in part due to soil temperature dynamics across the landscape of the Southern High Plains. For both agroecosystems and natural landscapes within the South-Central Region, soil temperature has a major role in determining the success of annual cropping systems, the ability of perennial plants to either establish or maintain themselves and the ability of the soil bacteria and fungi to carry out important decomposition and nutrient cycling,...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Daily Temperature Range,
Drought,
Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather,
Fire,
Soils,
This research provides insight on Native Hawaiian relationships to drought historically as well as current practices within community-based management. Of importance are historical records of drought spanning short term in one section of an island to three generations across multiple islands. This dataset represents a survey of the Ulukau, Papakilo Database, and Kuluwaimaka Collection from the Bishop Museum for drought related environmental changes and natural climate indicators, traditional responses to related disasters. First, a review of Hawaiian proverbs (‘ōlelo no‘eau) related to drought and elements impacted by drought (e.g., plants, food resource, death, famine) identify perspectives that reflect household...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Drought,
Environmental Change,
Hawaii,
Hawaiian language,
Native communities,
A table is presented listing: (1) monthly streamflows, (2) drought duration dates, (3) drought severity indices, (4) supporting statistics, and (5) identification tags, for analysis of hydrological droughts in the Conterminous United States (CONUS). Data were summarized from USGS streamflow daily values (DV), readily available from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System (NWIS), for USGS gage stations used in SIR 2017-5099 Variability of Hydrological Droughts in the Conterminous United States, 1951 through 2014 by Samuel H. Austin, David M. Wolock, and David L. Nelms. https://doi. org/10.3133/sir20175099
Types: Citation;
Tags: CONUS,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Water Resources,
decision support methods,
droughts,
This folder contains summaries of droughts based on percentiles estimates of groundwater levels from NWIS and NGWMN for various time periods. It also contains various associated files that were used in assembling and producing this dataset. Additional information regarding NWIS groundwater data can be found here: USGS Groundwater Data for the Nation. More information regarding the NGWMN can be found here: National Ground-Water Monitoring Network (usgs.gov) -------------------------------------- Explanation of file names: The first several pieces are the type of data use to create the file "groundwater_percentiles" After this is the time period of analysis, e.g. "1970-2020" Next is the percentile calculation method,...
The shapefile associated with this metadata file represents the spatial distribution of mean annual water-budget components, in inches, for the Island of Oahu, Hawaii. The water-budget components in the shapefile were computed by a water-budget model for a scenario representative of drought conditions (1998–2002 rainfall) and 2010 land cover, as described in USGS Scientific Investigations Report (SIR) 2015-5010. The model was developed for estimating groundwater recharge and other water-budget components for each subarea of the model. The model subareas were generated using Esri ArcGIS software by intersecting (merging) multiple spatial data sets that characterize the spatial distribution of rainfall, fog interception,...
A three-dimensional MODFLOW-NWT model was constructed to better understand the effects of drought stress on the Cedar River alluvial aquifer, the principal source of municipal water for the City of Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Historically, the aquifer supported the production needs of the City of Cedar Rapids and surrounding area but between July 2011 and February 2013, Iowa experienced severe drought conditions that affected water availability for communities that relied on alluvial aquifers for their production needs. During that time, the City of Cedar Rapids observed water level declines in their horizontal collector wells (HCW) of as much as about 11 meters. Pumping from affected production wells had to be halted to...
Electrical resistance data from the Willow-Whitehorse watersheds of southeast Oregon, USA, 2014-2016
This dataset includes electrical resistance data from a network of 50 data loggers that was installed throughout the Willow-Whitehorse watershed of SE Oregon in September 2014. Data loggers were downloaded in August 2015 and September 2016. These data loggers were used as “electrical resistance” (ER) sensors, following Chapin et al. 2014. The sensors were Onset HOBO Pendant temperature data loggers that were modified to monitor streamflow intermittency and determine the timing of stream drying.
Categories: Data;
Tags: Drought,
Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather,
GNIS ID 1128246,
GNIS ID 1129010,
GNIS ID 1129139,
Research has suggested that biochar soil amendments have the ability to improve soil water retention, but results have not been consistent or predictable across soil types. The objective of this project was to evaluate the potential for biochar soil amendments to mitigate agricultural drought by characterizing their impacts on soil hydraulics and plant growth across a range of agricultural soil conditions. This data set contains soil moisture retention curves and unsaturated hydraulic conductivities for four Oregon agricultural soils amended with biochar. Gasified biochars made from wheat straw (AgEnergy, Spokane, WA) and conifer wood (BioLogical, Philomath, OR) were tilled into soils at experimental stations in...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable;
Tags: Drought,
Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather,
Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather,
Klamath Falls,
Landscapes,
Research has suggested that biochar soil amendments have the ability to improve soil water retention, but results have not been consistent or predictable across soil types. The objective of this project was to evaluate the potential for biochar soil amendments to mitigate agricultural drought by characterizing their impacts on soil hydraulics and plant growth across a range of agricultural soil conditions. This data set contains soil moisture retention curves and unsaturated hydraulic conductivities for four Oregon agricultural soils amended with biochar. Gasified biochars made from wheat straw (AgEnergy, Spokane, WA) and conifer wood (BioLogical, Philomath, OR) were tilled into soils at experimental stations in...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Drought,
Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather,
Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather,
Klamath Falls,
Landscapes,
This dataset consists of daily streamflow percentiles for 1981-10-01 to 2020-03-31 relevant to streamflow drought defined using two approaches: Percentiles accounting for flow seasonality (variable threshold percentiles) and those based on the full record of data for each site regardless of season (fixed threshold percentiles). Because of the size of this dataset (99,530,836 rows), it could not be provided as a .csv file, and is instead provided as a .parquet file. Instructions on reading this file using the R programming language are provided in the Processing Step section of this metadata. The daily streamflow percentiles were estimated for ungaged areas of the Colorado River Basin (CRB) using neural network models,...
The persistence and degree of mercury contamination of the lower Carson River system (LCRS) have led to placement of a portion of the Carson River Basin (including Lahontan Reservoir) on the US. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Priorities List ("Superfund") for research and cleanup. The potential toxicity of mercury concentrations within the LCRS to piscivorous birds (snowy egrets, black-crowned night-herons, and double-crested cormorants) was examined from 1997-2006. This data set supports the following publications: Henny, C.J., Hill, E.F., Grove, R.A., Kaiser, J.L., 2007, Mercury and drought along the lower Carson River, Nevada- I. Snowy egret and black-crowned night-heron annual exposure to mercury,...
Categories: Data;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Carson Lake,
Carson River,
Egretta thula,
Lahontan Reservoir,
Nevada,
The persistence and degree of mercury contamination of the lower Carson River system (LCRS) have led to placement of a portion of the Carson River Basin (including Lahontan Reservoir) on the US. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Priorities List ("Superfund") for research and cleanup. The potential toxicity of mercury concentrations within the LCRS to piscivorous birds (snowy egrets, black-crowned night-herons, and double-crested cormorants) was examined from 1997-2006. This data set supports the following publications: Henny, C.J., Hill, E.F., Grove, R.A., Kaiser, J.L., 2007, Mercury and drought along the lower Carson River, Nevada- I. Snowy egret and black-crowned night-heron annual exposure to mercury,...
Categories: Data;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Carson Lake,
Carson River,
Egretta thula,
Lahontan Reservoir,
Nevada,
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