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Geographic distribution data were collected based on county level occurrences (or converted from point occurrences to county level occurrences) within the five focal states (Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska & Iowa) and each U.S. state or Canadian province bordering those focal states (Wisconsin, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Wyoming, & Montana in the USA and Saskatchewan, Ontario & Manitoba in Canada).
Vascular plant data collected at the South Unit of Theodore Roosevelt National Park, ND, USA in 1996
This data release contains three data sets. The data were collected in 1996 at the South Unit of Theodore Roosevelt National Park, ND, USA. The main data set comprises the list of plant species observed and includes the transect, plot number, plot size, and vegetation type where each species was found. A second data set has the locations of the transects, along with their IDs which can be linked to the species list. The final data set is a list of nomenclature updates and species that had duplicates in ITIS, along with the currently accepted scientific names of these species.
Categories: Data;
Tags: Botany,
Ecology,
Land Use Change,
North Dakota,
Theodore Roosevelt National Park,
Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.; Euphorbiaceae) is a noxious weed accidentally introduced from Eurasia into North America in the late 1800s and early 1900s via multiple shipments of contaminated crop seed. It has spread extensively throughout pasture, rangeland, and natural areas in the Great Plains, inflicting substantial economic and ecological damage. Leafy spurge is unpalatable to most domestic and native ungulates and thus reduces carrying capacity of both rangeland and natural areas. In the four-state region including Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming, costs due to control and reduced forage availability were estimated at $144 million annually. Department of Interior land managers will treat...
Categories: Project
The goal of this project is to improve the practice of prairie reconstruction by developing criteria by which success can be measured and related to reconstruction methodology. To achieve this goal, two teams of two botanists will document plant species present on previously reconstructed prairies at two national wildlife refuges, Neal Smith in Iowa and Glacial Ridge in Minnesota. This information will be used to evaluate the methods used on those reconstructions to determine which methods result in relatively greater presence of desirable planted prairie species and less invasion by exotic species. Field work is slated to begin in 2015.
Categories: Project
Abstract (from PLOS ONE): Adequate diversity and abundance of native seed for large-scale grassland restorations often require commercially produced seed from distant sources. However, as sourcing distance increases, the likelihood of inadvertent introduction of multiple novel, non-native weed species as seed contaminants also increases. We created a model to determine an “optimal maximum distance” that would maximize availability of native prairie seed from commercial sources while minimizing the risk of novel invasive weeds via contamination. The model focused on the central portion of the Level II temperate prairie ecoregion in the Midwest US. The median optimal maximum distance from which to source seed was...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation
With global efforts to restore grassland ecosystems, researchers and land management practitioners are working to reconstruct habitat that will persist and withstand stresses associated with climate change. Part of these efforts involve movement of plant material potentially adapted to future climate conditions from native habitat or seed production locations to a new restoration site. Restoration practice often follows this plant-centered, top-down approach. However, we suggest that restoration of belowground interactions, namely between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi or rhizobia, is important for restoring resilient grasslands. In this synthesis we highlight these interactions and offer insight into how...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation
This data set consists of data collected during 2005-2007, 2010, and 2015 at Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge in Iowa, USA that were used in the analysis in support of the article titled "Toward improving pollinator habitat: Reconstructing prairies with high forb diversity," which has been submitted to Natural Areas Journal. We compared pollinator habitat, in terms of planted forb richness, cover, and phenology, cover of planted grasses, and persistence of exotic species 10-years post-planting of reconstructions with 58 species (extra-high), 34 species (high), 20 species (medium) and 10 species (low) planted at the same time using the same fields, methods, and overall seeding rate. Twelve replicates of three...
We studied the direct and indirect impacts of using fire and grazing to manage remnant prairies on adult monarch abundance. This dataset consists of data collected at 10 burned and 10 grazed remnant Minnesota prairies during the summers of 2016 and 2017. We measured Asclepias spp. (milkweeds, monarch host plants) frequency, forb frequency, and adult monarch butterfly abundance at sites owned and managed by the Minnesota DNR, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, The Nature Conservancy, and private landowners.
This dataset consists of data collected at Badlands National Park (Interior, SD) that were used in the analysis in support of the article titled "Conserving all the pollinators: Variation in probability of pollen transport among insect taxa," which has been submitted to "Natural Areas Journal." Data collected between May-October, 2010 and 2011, and June-July 2012 included insects found in contact with floral reproductive parts of focal plant species, or plant species within a 1 ha plot surrounding focal plant, and pollen species removed from the collected insects' bodies. Focal plant species included Astragalus barrii (May-June 2010-11), Eriogonum visheri (July-August, 2010-11), Chrysothamnus parryi (September-October...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Badlands National Park,
Ecology,
Great Plains,
Hymenoptera,
Jackson County,
We studied the impacts of using cattle grazing or prescribed fire to manage remnant prairies on plant communities and soil characteristics in the prairie parkland province of western Minnesota. These datasets consist of nested frequency plot plant survey data, study site and soil characteristics, and management information taken from 73 sites owned and managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, The Nature Conservancy and private land owners. Because management effects can take many years to become evident, we evaluated response variables on remnant prairies that had been subject to either fire or grazing for at least 10 years prior to our surveys, between 2005-2015.
Categories: Data;
Tags: Carbon sequestration,
Cattle grazing,
Grassland management,
Minnesota,
Prescribed fires,
This data record contains arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) operational taxonomic unit (OTU) occurrences in native prairie plant roots collected from remnant prairies and reconstruction of tallgrass prairies in Minnesota and Iowa, from April-December of 2022. The research aims to improve prairie reconstruction methods using AMF to improve prairie plant performance, species diversity, and resistance to invasive cool-season grasses. The data in this release includes 5 data sets. Three describe the AMF: 1) SampleID_and_OTU_readcount_tier2_data.csv provides the number of reads for each OTU identified in each sample; 2) OTU_assigned_taxonomy_FunGuild.csv includes a collated list of all the taxonomic guilds of the identified...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Conservation,
Grasslands,
Natural resource management,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
biota,
The expansion of a European haplotype of Phragmites australis in the central Platte River is reducing habitat available for migrating sandhill and whooping cranes, and nesting piping plovers and least terns. An aggressive control program involving aerial herbicide application and disking to maintain open habitat is practiced. Our research has documented the time-course of the infestation and is seeking to understand the implications of the control methods for Phragmites expansion. Collaborators at the USGS Sediment Transport Lab in Golden, Colorado, are examining effects of Phragmites colonies on river morphology and sediment transport and deposition.
Categories: Project
Leafy spurge is an invasive Eurasian perennial introduced into the U.S. as a contaminant of crop seed in the 1880s and 1890s. It typically forms near-monocultures in rangelands and natural areas of the northern Great Plains. Because all parts of the plant contain latex, it is not consumed by naturally occurring herbivores or cattle, but the biological control program has been successful. Our studies have found, however, that the native vegetation does not necessarily return to sites after leafy spurge has been reduced by biological control. This portion of our long-term studies investigates the mechanisms by which leafy spurge dominates and limits recruitment of native plants. Such information will assist resource...
Categories: Project
Badlands National Park is home to nine plant species considered rare in South Dakota, as well as several invasive exotic plants, many of which vie for pollinator services with the rare species. The purpose of this study was to document the interaction webs that link rare and invasive plants with pollinators and, consequently, with each other. Understanding these linkages will guide management of both the rare and invasive species. The list of insect species associated with the webs and ancillary trapping will provide a baseline assessment of the pollinator fauna at Badlands National Park which can be expanded upon and reassessed over time and in response to climatic changes. To date, 236 bee species have been...
Categories: Project
Tallgrass prairie is one of the most imperiled ecosystems on Earth, and nowhere more so than in the upper Midwestern United States. The persistence of tallgrass prairie, and the species it supports, are increasingly dependent on management actions to restore and reconstruct native prairie plant communities. The goal of this study was to improve the practice of prairie reconstruction on former cropland by experimentally testing the effects of seeding method (broadcast or drill), planting time (dormant or growing season), and seed mix diversity (10, 20 or 32 species), on cover and diversity of native prairie plants and cover of invasive exotic plants, especially the noxious weed, Canada thistle ( Cirsium arvense)....
Categories: Project
This data release contains four data sets. The data were collected in 1998 at Wind Cave National Park, ND, USA. The main data set comprises the list of plant species observed and includes the transect ID, transect number, plot number, plot size, vegetation type, and terrain type where each species was found. A second data set has the locations of the transects, along with their IDs which can be linked to the species list. A third data set lists the number of plant species recorded on each plot on each transect. This data set also lists plots that had zero species. The final data set is a list of nomenclature updates along with the currently accepted scientific names of these species.
Categories: Data;
Tags: Botany,
Ecology,
Land Use Change,
North Dakota,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
This data record contains fitness data for Visher's buckwheat (Eriogonum visheri) for the years 2014, 2015 and 2017 at Badlands National Park, South Dakota, USA. These data include insect visitation, pollen deposited on stigmas, achene size and germination over three field seasons (two field seasons for germination: 2015 and 2017) in four populations (two populations in 2017).
Control of invasive plants does not always result in return of a native plant community. The reasons could involve a depleted seed bank, changes in communities of mutualists either aboveground (e.g., pollinators or seed dispersers) or belowground (e.g., arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi), or changes in the identity or quantity of pathogens in the soil. In a series of linked studies, we have examined soil occupancy effects of leafy spurge, smooth brome, and crested wheatgrass and compared them with those of native plants. Our results suggest that invasive plants can change live components of soils in such a way as to reduce the vigor of native seedlings and improve establishment of invasive species. We have also examined...
Categories: Project
This data record contains arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) operational taxonomic unit (OTU) occurrences with native prairie plant species roots collected from paired remnant and reconstructed prairies, as well as soil physical and chemical property data from these field sites in Minnesota and Iowa.
Categories: Data,
Data Release - Revised;
Tags: Iowa,
Jasper County,
Kandiyohi County,
Meeker County,
Minnesota,
This “umbrella” topic encompasses all the work on invasive species within the Larson lab. Please see the specific projects for current and recent summaries. Publications for all the studies are linked here; publications associated with individual projects are also linked there.
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