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Control of surface and subsurface water is a critical factor in the efficiency of remediation efforts at Eagle River Flats, an active impact range on Fort Richardson, Alaska, contaminated with particulate white phosphorus from artillery and mortar rounds. The Flats is an estuarine salt marsh bordered by bluffs with water groundwater influx from the edges as well as periodic tidal and river inundation and rain events. The uneven topography and presence of numerous craters results in pooled surface water and high perched water levels, inhibiting remediation of the contaminant. Pumps are used to drain contaminated areas to enhance remediation, but ditching is required to enhance the operation of the pumps and to drain...
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In 2005 the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys initiated a multi-year geologic field study focused on a corridor centered along the Alaska Highway between Delta Junction and the Canada border. The purpose of this project is to provide geologic information relevant to a proposed Alaska-Canada natural gas pipeline and other future development in the corridor. Identification of active faults and characterization of seismic hazards were included in the project. During the 2006 and 2007 field seasons, lineaments and geologic features indicative of possible youthful surface faulting in or near the western half of the corridor between Delta Junction and Dot Lake were identified and evaluated. Four of the...
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A systematic water-quality study of the Fortymile River and many of its major tributaries in eastern Alaska was conducted in June of 1997 and 1998. Surface-water samples were collected for chemical analyses to establish regional baseline geochemistry values and to evaluate the possible environmental effects of suction-dredge placer gold mining and bulldozer-operated placer gold mining (commonly referred to as “cat mining”). In general, the water quality of the Fortymile River is very good, with low total dissolved solids and only two cases in which the concentration of any element exceeded primary or secondary drinking-water quality standards. In both cases, iron exceeded secondary drinking-water limits. At...
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High latitude drainage basins are experiencing higher average temperatures, earlier snowmelt onset in spring, and an increase in rain on snow (ROS) events in winter, trends that climate models project into the future. Snowmelt-dominated basins are most sensitive to winter temperature increases that influence the frequency of ROS events and the timing and duration of snowmelt, resulting in changes to spring runoff. Of specific interest in this study are early melt events that occur in late winter preceding melt onset in the spring. The study focuses on satellite determination and characterization of these early melt events using the Yukon River Basin (Canada/USA) as a test domain. The timing of these events was estimated...
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This dissertation presents results from four recently discovered archeological sites in southcentral Alaska. The sites range from the Younger Dryas to middle Holocene in age and provide valuable contextual information for the human process of colonizing a region that was heavily glaciated during the LGM. The deglaciation and human colonization of southcentral Alaska is one of the most significant aspects of the settling phase in eastern Beringia not only for its potential to inform about the human response to post-glacial landscapes but also for what we can learn about subsequent migrations to the southern coast of Alaska. Understanding how early foraging societies spread throughout eastern Beringia, after its initial...
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During the period 1970-2000, substantial efforts were made to document the distribution and number of Trumpeter Swans (Cygnus buccinator) in western Canada. Breeding surveys have expanded from covering less than 20,000 km2 in the Grande Prairie region of Alberta to cover 780,000 km2, perhaps one-third of northwestern Canada. Aerial surveys involving total or partial counts have been used in most areas. Since 1995, sample-based surveys have been used in Yukon Territory and extreme northern British Columbia. Between 1970 and 2000, breeding surveys have documented a dramatic increase in both breeding distribution and numbers in western Canada (100 to more than 3,700). Winter surveys in British Columbia have corroborated...
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In the Yukon Territory and District of Mackenzie, coal-bearing strata, ranging in age from Mississippian to Oligocene, have been found in some 27 areas. In the Yukon, such rocks underlie 37,000 km2, while in the District of Mackenzie, 3000 km2 are believed to contain coal in the Brackett Basin alone, with additional potential in the Liard River, Godlin Lake and Great Bear Lake areas. The three most important basins are the Whitehorse Trough and Bonnet Plume Basin in the Yukon Territory and the Brackett Basin in the District of Mackenzie. In the Whitehorse Trough, coal exploration has been carried out at Mount Granger near Whitehorse and at Division Mountain, west of Braeburn. Coal mining has been actively carried...
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The Late Cretaceous Surprise Lake batholith in the Atlin district of northern British Columbia is a highly differentiated, fluoritic, and peraluminous subalkaline body of adamellite-granite composition. The presence of miarolitic cavities and chilled, fine-grained margins suggests it was emplaced at a high structural level, and its trace element signature indicates it has some within-plate granitoid characteristics. The batholith shows many chemical similarities to the I-type igneous rocks associated with W skarns in British Columbia, although it averages >2,700 ppm F, whereas plutons related to W skarns average <400 ppm F. It also shares similar characteristics to the Seagull batholith in south-central Yukon which,...
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he George River is a tributary of the Kuskokwim River, and produces chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, chum salmon O. keta, and coho salmon O. kisutch that contribute to intensive subsistence and commercial salmon fisheries downstream of its confluence. The George River weir is one of several projects operated in the Kuskokwim area that form an integrated geographic array of escapement monitoring projects. Collectively, and in accordance with the State of Alaska Sustainable Fishery Policy (5 AAC 39.222), this array of projects is a tool to assure appropriate geographic and temporal distribution of spawning salmon, and provide a means to assess trends in escapement that should be monitored and considered in...
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The general goal of this research was to address the broad question, does consensus work in resource management decision-making? Its purpose was to identify success factors for employing the consensus decision-making model specifically in land use planning; to examine the models incepted by the government of British Columbia during the period 1992–1995; and to investigate the application and effectiveness of the models as actually employed in integrated resource planning in British Columbia. The specific objective was to develop a general diagnostic framework for evaluation, based on indicators and success factors derived from a review of pertinent literature; from interviews with stakeholder participants in these...
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The Joint Technical Committee (JTC) of the United States and Canada serves as a scientific advisory body to the Yukon River Panel. The JTC discusses harvest and escapement goals, management trends, post-season reviews and pre-season outlooks, and results of cooperative research projects. The report summarizes the status of salmon stocks (Chinook, coho, summer and fall chum salmon) in 2006 with reference to historical data, presents an outlook for the 2007 season, and provides data on the utilization of salmon species by commercial and subsistence (aboriginal) harvests, personal use (domestic) and sport (recreational) fishery. The report further compiles summaries of Yukon River projects (e.g., mark-recapture, sonar,...
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A high-resolution column of 57 loess samples was collected from the Dry Creek archaeological site in the Nenana River Valley in central Alaska. Numerical grain-size partitioning using a mixed Weibull function was performed on grain-size distributions to obtain a reconstructed record of wind intensity over the last ~15,000 yr. Two grain-size components were identified, one with a mode in the coarse silt range (C1) and the other ranging from medium to very coarse sand (C2). C1 dominates most samples and records regional northerly winds carrying sediment from the Nenana River. These winds were strong during cold intervals, namely, the Carlo Creek glacial readvance (14.2–14 ka), a late Holocene Neoglacial period (4.2–2.7...
map background search result map search result map Yukon River salmon 2006 season summary and 2007 season outlook Modeling Breeding Waterfowl Distribution in the Southern Lakes Region of the Yukon Emissions of air pollutants by Canadian wildfires from 2000 to 2004 Sonar estimation of Chinook salmon in the Yukon River near Eagle, Alaska, 2005 Use of military demolition explosives in a remediation project Large fires as agents of ecological diversity in the North American boreal forest TREE SWALLOWS TRADE OFF IMMUNE FUNCTION AND REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT DIFFERENTLY ACROSS THEIR RANGE The Geochemistry of Three Tin-Bearing Skarns and Their Related Plutonic Rocks, Atlin, Northern British Columbia Regional baseline geochemistry and environmental effects of gold placer mining operations on the Fortymile River, eastern Alaska George River Salmon Studies, 2006 Early snowmelt events: detection, distribution, and significance in a major sub-arctic watershed Active and Potentially Active Faults in Or Near the Alaska Highway Corridor, Dot Lake to Tetlin Junction, Alaska Trumpeter Swan Numbers and Distribution in Western Canada, 1970-2000 Coal resources of Northern Canada with emphasis on Whitehorse Trough, Bonnet Plume Basin and Brackett Basin Consensus processes in land use planning in British Columbia: the nature of success Prehistoric colonization of southcentral Alaska: Human adaptations in a post glacial world Variations in late Quaternary wind intensity from grain-size partitioning of loess deposits in the Nenana River Valley, Alaska Recent NDVI-Based Variation in Growth of Boreal Intact Forest Landscapes and Its Correlation with Climatic Variables TREE SWALLOWS TRADE OFF IMMUNE FUNCTION AND REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT DIFFERENTLY ACROSS THEIR RANGE Variations in late Quaternary wind intensity from grain-size partitioning of loess deposits in the Nenana River Valley, Alaska Use of military demolition explosives in a remediation project George River Salmon Studies, 2006 The Geochemistry of Three Tin-Bearing Skarns and Their Related Plutonic Rocks, Atlin, Northern British Columbia Active and Potentially Active Faults in Or Near the Alaska Highway Corridor, Dot Lake to Tetlin Junction, Alaska Modeling Breeding Waterfowl Distribution in the Southern Lakes Region of the Yukon Regional baseline geochemistry and environmental effects of gold placer mining operations on the Fortymile River, eastern Alaska Prehistoric colonization of southcentral Alaska: Human adaptations in a post glacial world Sonar estimation of Chinook salmon in the Yukon River near Eagle, Alaska, 2005 Coal resources of Northern Canada with emphasis on Whitehorse Trough, Bonnet Plume Basin and Brackett Basin Emissions of air pollutants by Canadian wildfires from 2000 to 2004 Consensus processes in land use planning in British Columbia: the nature of success Yukon River salmon 2006 season summary and 2007 season outlook Early snowmelt events: detection, distribution, and significance in a major sub-arctic watershed Large fires as agents of ecological diversity in the North American boreal forest Trumpeter Swan Numbers and Distribution in Western Canada, 1970-2000 Recent NDVI-Based Variation in Growth of Boreal Intact Forest Landscapes and Its Correlation with Climatic Variables