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Background The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Village of Patchogue and the New York Department of State, collected water-quality samples from 10 shallow wells within the village to document the effects of onsite wastewater disposal on groundwater discharging into the Patchogue River. The onsite disposal of wastewater within the Patchogue River basin - a riverine estuary that discharges into Great South Bay, Suffolk County, Long Island, NY - has adversely affected water quality and aquatic habitats within both the tidal and non-tidal portions of the river. Of particular concern are increased loads of nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, and phosphorus) to the shallow groundwater system which...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Coastal Science,
Coastal Science,
Completed,
Contaminants, Organic,
Contaminants, Organic,
Problem - Geomorphologic techniques for stream channel and bank restoration are fast becoming the techniques of choice among federal, state, county, and local agencies to reduce suspended sediment loads, reduce flood damage, improve aquatic habitat, and generally stabilize stream channels. One reason for this upswing in use is that appropriate application of these techniques has been shown to reduce the need for repetitive visits to a reach to remove sediments or repair stream banks, and thus reduce long-term channel maintenance expenses. Geomorphologic restoration projects require data that define what a stable stream channel should look like in a given region. Regional hydrologic curves and regional channel-geomorphologic...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Basin & Hydrogeologic Characterization,
Basin & Hydrogeologic Characterization,
Basin & Hydrogeologic Characterization,
Biogeochemical and Hydrologic Assessment,
Biogeochemical and Hydrologic Assessment,
Problem - USGS regional framework characterizations have been used effectively in many studies. However, lack of framework accuracy, particularly at smaller scales, continues to cause problems that may involve: (1) sizing of pumps and other aspects of wellfield design and maintenance, (2) projection of local-scale water-level changes, and (3) projection of interactions with other hydrologic stresses. The objective of this study is to improve framework representations by implementing continuous-recording observation wells at SCWA wellfields, in concert with the SCWA record of pumping and other regional USGS data. As necessary, the implications of framework revisions on such topics as safe aquifer yield, source-area...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Cooperative Water Program,
Geophysics,
Geophysics,
Hydrogeologic Characterization,
Hydrogeologic Characterization,
Introduction Relatively little data describing the quality of groundwater in New York State exists, yet groundwater is used as a source of drinking water by approximately one quarter of the population of the state. The objective of the Ambient Groundwater Quality Monitoring project is to quantify and report on ambient groundwater quality from bedrock and glacial-drift aquifers in upstate New York, and is an ongoing cooperative project between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC). The project began in 2002 with a pilot study in the Mohawk River Basin and another in 2003 in the Chemung River Basin. Sampling completed in 2018 represented the conclusion...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Cooperative Water Program,
GW or SW,
GW or SW,
GW or SW,
Groundwater and Streamflow Information,
PROBLEM Hook Pond, an 83-acre freshwater pond in East Hampton, N.Y., has historically shown indications of impaired water quality. Impairments in this shallow pond include elevated nutrient concentrations and low dissolved oxygen concentrations in bottom waters as a result of current and historical land-use practices (Lombardo, 2015). Recent (2016) harmful algal blooms in Hook Pond and other eastern Long Island freshwater bodies have spurred local concerns about the loading of nutrients from septic systems to groundwater (and ultimately to surface water), and land-use practices that contribute to contaminated stormwater runoff. To properly evaluate the basic ecological health of the pond, an understanding of the...
Problem The New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYCDEP) has asked the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to assist in two major studies: 1) delineation of the source(s) of shallow groundwater and the extent that the Delaware Aqueduct is contributing to local flooding issues, and 2) delineation of the structural, geologic, and hydrologic conditions along proposed tunnel construction paths using advanced surface and borehole geophysical methods. The NYCDEP needs to determine the source of groundwater and surface water and their possible relation to leakage from the Delaware Aqueduct in upstate New York. The Delaware Aqueduct, which supplies a significant portion of New York City's water supply, has...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Borehole Geophysics,
Cooperative Water Program,
Delaware Aqueduct,
GW or SW,
GW or SW,
Problem The City of Ithaca, Tompkins County, N.Y., is in the process of developing a flood management plan for the streams that flow through the City. Flooding in the City is an annual problem caused by a variety of distinct and sometimes interconnected reasons. Flooding often is a result of snowmelt and rain during the winter and spring. Slow ice-melt and breakup can lead to ice jams and subsequent flooding. Flash floods are produced by summer thunderstorms. All of these flood types are compounded by two factors: the storm-sewer system in the City and the elevation of Cayuga Lake. The storm sewers drain to the nearby streams at points below the tops of the streambanks. Because the streamward ends of the storm sewers...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Cascadilla Creek,
Cayuga Inlet,
Cooperative Water Program,
Fall Creek,
Flood Inundation,
Problem Statement More than nine million people rely on the New York City Water-Supply System for their daily-drinking water needs. Approximately 40 percent of this water comes from the Schoharie and Ashokan Reservoirs (fig. 1). This water is transported from the Catskill Area to New York City through Esopus Creek and a series of man-made tunnels and aqueducts built starting in the early 1900s (fig. 1). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been measuring streamflow continuously in the Upper and Lower Esopus Creeks for many decades. Specifically, streamflow has been measured in the Upper Esopus Creek at Coldbrook (station number 01362500) for about 80 years and in the Lower Esopus Creek at Mount Marion (station...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Ashokan Reservoir,
Completed,
Cooperative Water Program,
Esopus River,
Groundwater and Streamflow Information,
Problem Perchlorate detected in a shallow supply well within the southern portion of the Locust Valley Water District (LVWD) has prompted interest in determining the possible existence of a deeper confined aquifer (North Shore Aquifer) that may be protected from shallow contamination (fig. 1). Previous USGS studies in this area indicate the northern part of Nassau County has a complex hydrogeologic framework (Stumm and others, 2004). A previously mapped buried glacial valley may extend and be present at this location. If such a buried valley exists, all Cretaceous age deposits (Magothy aquifer, Raritan clay, and Lloyd aquifer) may have been eroded and Pleistocene-aged deposits including the North Shore aquifer...
A. BACKGROUND Aquatic macroinvertebrates, such as dragonfly larvae or crayfish have great potential for Mercury (Hg) monitoring, both as indicator organisms (or "sentinels'), and to provide critical information on Hg in lower food webs to assist in interpreting fish Hg levels. Despite these advantages, macroinvertebrates are not widely used in Hg monitoring because of the current need to directly analyze macoinvertebrate tissue for methyl-mercury (MeHg), at much greater expense than analyzing for total Hg (THg) (i.e. as a surrogate for MeHg), as with fish tissue. This is because the ratio of MeHg to THg in macroinvertebrates exhibits large taxonomic, spatial, and temporal variation, and there is no clear...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Cooperative Water Program,
Ecological Assessment of Human and Natural Impacts,
Ecological Assessment of Human and Natural Impacts,
Ecological Assessment of Human and Natural Impacts,
Ecosystem Health,
Summary The Hydrologic Benchmark Network (HBN) consists of 37 watersheds that provide long-term measurements of streamflow and water quality in areas that are minimally affected by human activities. In 2011 measurements of aquatic biology and soil chemistry were added to the network. All of these data are used to study long-term trends in surface water flow, water chemistry, aquatic biology, and soil chemistry and as a benchmark against which to compare changes in flow and chemistry in developed watersheds. In 1962, Luna B. Leopold, then Chief Hydrologist of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), proposed the establishment of a network of “hydrologic benchmarks” on the nation’s rivers (Leopold, 1962). The main purpose...
The distribution of mercury (Hg) and sites of greatest Hg methylation are poorly understood in Catskill Mountain watersheds. Although concentrations of Hg in the water column are low, high concentrations of Hg in smallmouth bass and walleye have led to consumption advisories in most large New York City reservoirs in the Catskill Mountains. Mercury in natural waters can exist in many forms, including gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0), dissolved and particulate inorganic forms (Hg(II)), and dissolved and particulate methylmercury (MeHg). Most Hg in living organisms is MeHg, a highly neurotoxic form that bioaccumulates in aquatic food webs. The production of MeHg by methylation of inorganic Hg in the environment...
Problem - Several supply wells in Oswego County were evaluated by the USGS in 1999 by using stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes and chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) age dating techniques. For two municipal well sites (the Villages of Sandy Creek and Lacona, and the Village of Pulaski) that tap a shallow, unconfined aquifer (typically 20-50 ft thick) there were significant discrepancies between ground-water recharge ages determined by chemical data and those determined by ground-water-flow models developed by independent studies. The significant discrepancies between the times of travel of ground water as determined by numerical ground-water-flow modeling and geochemical dating techniques in Oswego County need to be understood...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Completed,
Cooperative Water Program,
GW Model,
GW Model,
GW model,
Monitoring of lake chemistry in the western Adirondack region has indicated reductions in the acidity of these lakes during the past two decades. However, lakes are not always reliable indicators of streams and soils. Uncertainty remains regarding the recovery potential of surface waters and the effects of acidic deposition on soils. Furthermore, nitrogen, long considered a growth-limiting nutrient for northern temperate forests, is likely to be available in excess of that needed by Adirondack forest ecosystems as a result of acidic deposition. In this region, excess nitrogen in the soil leads to acidification of soils and surface waters. Calcium, important for acid neutralization, is also an important nutrient,...
Problem Previous hydrologic studies have indicated that there may be sufficient water resources underlying Richmond, New York, and Bronx Counties for use as a supplemental water supply by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYCDEP) in times of a drought or other water shortage. Unfortunately, comprehensive data on the quantity and quality of the Counties' water resources are not available to make an accurate assessment. In order to evaluate the availability and suitability of these resources, representative and timely data on the ground-water and surface-water resources of these three Counties are needed. Objectives The primary objective is to develop, operate, and maintain long-term monitoring...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Bronx County,
Completed,
Cooperative Water Program,
GW or SW,
GW or SW,
Problem Samples were collected from 10 Key Point sites in the New York City Reservoir system as part of the cooperative USGS-New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) statewide pesticide monitoring project ( Phillips and others, 2000). Ten pesticides were detected in the key-point samples collected between January 1999 and September 2000 - the herbicides atrazine, metolachlor, simazine and prometon, the herbicide degradates deethylatrazine, hydroxyatrazine, alachlor ethanesulfonic acid (ESA), metolachlor ESA, and metolachlor oxanilic acid (OA), and the insecticide diazinon. Concentrations for most of these detections were generally low (between 0.001 and 0.05 ug/L), with the exception of...
Problem - The Town of Caroline needs geohydrologic data in two major valley-fill aquifers within the town in order for planners to develop a strategy to manage and protect their water resources. Interest in the interaction between ground water and surface water has increased in recent years as a result of widespread concerns related to water supply. The need to better understand how the development of one water resource affects another will increase as development in Tompkins County intensifies. Upper Sixmile Creek/West Branch Owego Creeks valleys and Lower Sixmile Creek/Willseyville Creek valleys in the Town of Caroline were selected to be studied because they are undergoing increasing development; and most people...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Completed,
Cooperative Water Program,
Geospatial Applications,
Geospatial Applications,
Groundwater Recharge,
Description of Study The objective of this study was to define specific conductance in stream water under low streamflow conditions in Central New York. The study area covers parts of six counties in the Southern Tier region of New York State (fig. 1). This survey covered a range of watershed areas and land use types, and specifically targeted low-flow periods during the summer as the flow would be mostly derived from groundwater discharge at this time and represents the upper limit of conductance that can currently be expected. This study was funded by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Methods The network of sites sampled was created using ARCMAP software. Over 280 sites were selected...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Completed,
Contaminants, Natural,
Contaminants, Natural,
Contaminants, natural,
Cooperative Water Program,
Problem - The Village of Pulaski in Oswego County, N.Y., obtains its water supply from groundwater that drains under gravity from an unconfined aquifer into three shallow dug wells. The well field is in an area where groundwater discharges to springs along the west edge of the Tug Hill Aquifer, which is comprised of beach and kame deposits of sand and gravel. A numerical groundwater model was constructed previously to simulate groundwater conditions in part of the Tug Hill Aquifer near the Pulaski well field. The modeling work was part of a wellhead protection study to develop a plan to protect the groundwater resources of the Village of Pulaski's public water-supply system. In addition, the USGS, in cooperation...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Aquifer Mapping,
Aquifer Mapping,
Aquifer Mapping,
Completed,
Cooperative Water Program,
Background The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has characterized fractures, foliation, and fractured-rock groundwater flow penetrated by test boreholes in crystalline bedrock underlying Manhattan Island, New York County, New York since 1998. New test boreholes will be drilled on Roosevelt Island in New York County for a Cornell University geothermal test project. Cornell University is partnering with the USGS in a cooperative program to use advanced borehole geophysical methods to characterize the fractured-rock groundwater flow system on the southern end of Roosevelt Island, and compare it to the flow system on nearby Manhattan Island. The USGS will assess the hydrogeology of the area and determine the strike and...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Borehole Geophysics,
Borehole Geophysics,
Borehole Geophysics,
Completed,
Cooperative Water Program,
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