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Theory of the evolution of pathogen specialization suggests that a specialist pathogen gains high fitness in one host, but this comes with fitness loss in other hosts. By contrast, a generalist pathogen does not achieve high fitness in any host, but gains ecological fitness by exploiting different hosts, and has higher fitness than specialists in non-specialized hosts. As a result, specialist pathogens are predicted to have greater variation in fitness across hosts, and generalists would have lower fitness variation across hosts. We test these hypotheses by measuring pathogen replicative fitness as within-host viral loads from the onset of infection to the beginning of virus clearance, using the rhabdovirus infectious...
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This investigation sought to characterize the shedding of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in two populations of Columbia River Basin (CRB) Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Juvenile spring- and fall-run Chinook salmon were exposed by immersion to each of three IHN virus strains from the UC, MD, and L subgroups, and then monitored for viral shedding from individual fish for 30 days. Detectable quantities of UC, MD and L IHN virus were shed by a subset of fish from each host population (1–9 out of 10 fish total in each treatment group). Viral shedding kinetics were consistent, with a rapid onset of shedding, peak shedding by 2–3 days, and then a rapid decline to below detectable levels by 7...
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Viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) is a disease of marine and anadromous fishes, which is poorly understood, largely because its causative iridovirus, erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV), is intractable to cell culture. Natural VEN epizootics and observations studies in wild populations suggest that temperature may be an important disease cofactor. Here, a controlled laboratory exposure study provides evidence for a direct relationship between temperature and the progression of viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) in Pacific herring. Waterborne exposure of Pacific herring to kidney homogenates containing ENV resulted in the establishment of infections, characterized by high infection prevalence (89%; 40/45) and mean viral...
    map background search result map search result map Survival and viral load of chinook salmon, sockeye salmon, and steelhead trout exposed to 4 genogroups of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) Shed viral load and survival of spring-run and fall-run Columbia River Basin Chinook salmon exposed to 3 genogroups of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) Infection prevalence and viral load in pacific herring exposed to erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV) at 3 temperatures Infection prevalence and viral load in pacific herring exposed to erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV) at 3 temperatures Shed viral load and survival of spring-run and fall-run Columbia River Basin Chinook salmon exposed to 3 genogroups of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV)