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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, fourth phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. A steady stream of lake lava flows westward into the small circular pond over the vent. The lake level is approximately 15 feet below the high mark of a few hours earlier. View is from the north end of Byron Ledge. Photo by the National Park Service, late morning, December 5, 1959. Figure 22, U.S. Geological Survey. Professional paper 537-E.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, eighth phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Area on the rim of the crater opposite a vent deluged by spatter. Denuded and burned ohia trees on the rim of the main crater wall almost 1,000 feet from the vent. December 11, 1959. Figure 27 (top photo), U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 537-E. See also photo rdh00066.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, third phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Small incandescent tongues of very fluid lava flowing into the west bay of the crater from the base of the fountain. View is from Byron Ledge. 9:00 p.m., November 28, 1959. Figure 16, U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 537-E.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, first phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Fountain and lake during the last day of the first phase, viewed from Kilauea Iki Crater overlook. Exceptionally level surface of the 330-foot deep lava lake. Lighter areas and bands are fluid lava oozing and squeezing up around foundering plates of the crust on the continually reworked surface. #1:00 p.m., November 21, 1959. Figure 13 (bottom), U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 537-E. See also photo rdh00046.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, first phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Development of a 850-foot lava fountain with greatly increased lava output and the rise of a 130-foot deep lava lake, viewed from Byron Ledge overlook. 5:30 p.m., November 18, 1959. Figure 10 (middle left), U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 537-E.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, first phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Main fountain, lava river, cascades, and lava lake, viewed from the west end of Kilauea Iki Crater overlook. The main fountain, about 150 feet high, feeds the incised lava cascade that pours down the steep slope to the river. Note the extreme turbulence at the base of the cascade. 3:00 p.m., November 16, 1959. Figure 8 (top photo), U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 537-E.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, eleventh phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Pumice blanket in the Summer Camp area 3,000 feet southwest of the vent. The total pumice depth is about 55 inches. December 15, 1959. Figure 19 (bottom photo), U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 537-E. Compare with photo rdh00054.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, fifteenth phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Cone and the end of the road west of Kilauea Iki Crater overlook immediately after the 1900-foot-high fountain. Note the large masses of spatter lying on road. Afternoon, December 17, 1959. Figure 36, U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 537-E. See also photos rdh00074, rdh00075, and rdh00076.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, fifteenth phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Development of a 1900-foot-high fountain, viewed from the crater rim opposite the vent. A fountain roars out of the vent and is splashing the entire vent area with liquid spatter. #1:55, p.m., December 17, 1959. Figure 34 (bottom photo), U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 537-E. Photos rdh00074, rdh00075, and rdh00076 form a sequence.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, fifteenth phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. The 1900-foot-high fountain, viewed from the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. The top of the fountain is inside the pushed-up cloud bank, and tremendous quantities of pumice rain out of the dark cloud on the right of the fountain. 2:05 p.m., December 17, 1959. Figure 35, U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 537-E. Photos rdh00074, rdh00075, and rdh00076 form a sequence.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, third phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Pumice blanket in the Summer Camp area 3,000 feet southwest of a vent. Forty inches of pumice cover the ground. November 30, 1959. Figure 19 (top photo), U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 537-E. Compare with photo rdh00055.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1960 eruption of Kilauea Volcano. Steam and ash production from the early vents. A violent steam emission is caused by ground water rushing into the subsurface eruptive conduits. The darker steam cloud is choked with fine ash particles. 7:00 a.m., January 14, 1960. Figure 44 (top photo), U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 537-E. See also photo rdh00086.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano. Only minor fume emission from the vent in Kilauea Iki Crater. Dense lava coating the wall has already begun to spall off. The vent is 100 feet across, its greatest dimension. December 24, 1959. Figure 39 (bottom photo), U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 537-E.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, third phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Reduced fountain deflected northward by the collapse of the inner part of the cone in the crater. Note the new cone developing on the left shoulder of the old main cone (immediately to the right of the fountain). View is from the trail leading down to Byron Ledge. 8:00 a.m., November 29, 1959. Figure 17, U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 537-E.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, first phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Fountain and lava lake during the last day of the first phase, viewed from Kilauea Iki Crater overlook. Relatively small fountain with ejecta falling directly upon the lake surface. 12:30 p.m., November 21, 1959. Figure 13 (top), U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 537-E. See also photo rdh00047.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1960 eruption of Kilauea Volcano. Fountains and cone showing the lava river pouring from a breach in the cone and flowing against the Koae fault scarp north of the cone. January 15, 1960. Figure 48 (bottom photo), U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 537-E.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1960 eruption of Kilauea Volcano. Steam and ash production from the early vents. Violent steam emission and adjacent moderate lava fountaining. Note the volcanic debris carried high into the steam cloud. 10:00 a.m., January 14, 1960. Figure 44 (bottom photo), U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 537-E. See also photo rdh00085.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1960 eruption of Kilauea Volcano. Early collapse features in Halemaumau Crater. Scarp encircling the floor of the crater marks the outer limit of saucer-shaped subsidence. Steam rises from the periphery of the central collapse pit, which is partially filled with re- extruded 1952 lava. Note the wormlike pressure ridges crisscrossing the floor. The diameter of the central collapse pit is about 1,000 feet. February 9, 1960. Figure 78 (top photo), U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 537-E.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, third phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. High fountain, viewed from Kilauea Iki Crater overlook. Inclined jets shoot to 1400 feet, and pumice is being wafted even higher. Blobs of spatter litter the road near the guardrail. 9:00 a.m., November 29, 1959. Figure 15 (bottom), U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 537-E.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, sixth phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Low, broad fountain and spatter-fed flows cascading down the flanks of the cone. Note the waves forming on the lake at the base of the fountain. View is from the north end of Byron Ledge. 1#1:30 p.m., December 7, 1959. Figure 23, U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 537-E.
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