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Map of the risk of current fish habitat degradation of inland streams of the Upper Midwest States.
The Woundfin (Plagopterus argentissimus) once ranged from southwest Utah to southern Arizona in the Colorado and Gila River basins, but now only occur in 12 percent of its historical range, and is classified as critically endangered. It prefers quiet water adjacent to riffles of swift, warm, turbid small to medium rivers, but spawns in swifter flowing water over gravel. Populations have been affected by habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation caused by dams and water diversions. Woundfin populations have also shown declines in areas where the non-native Red Shiner has proliferated due to changes in water flow patterns caused by dams and diversions. The Red Shiner is both a predator of and a competitor with...
Map of the risk of current fish habitat degradation of inland streams of the Pacific Coast States.
The Gulf Sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus ssp. desotoi) as the name implies lives in the estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico but migrates up coastal rivers to spawn (anadromous). It is found in rivers from spring until fall and in the Gulf during the winter. It feeds heavily while in the Gulf, but adults eat very little (or not at all) while in the rivers. The species declined dramatically after the late 1800s. It fell victim to overharvest for its meat and roe, dam construction, and dredging activities. The largest population is currently in the Suwannee River in Florida.
Wheat, corn, and soybeans are some of the primary crops grown in the Northern Plains States. About 8.5 million acres, one-fourth of the state’s land area, are used to grow wheat in North Dakota. In areas of intense cultivation, streams are often channelized for irrigation, reducing their habitat value for fish as temperature, in-channel cover, and stream flow are significantly changed. In addition, watersheds dominated by row-crop agriculture discharge excess sediment and nutrients to downstream waters. Agricultural water withdrawal was also one of the most limiting disturbances identified in this assessment. A large number of groundwater wells in the Nemaha River basin in southeast Nebraska, an area dominated by...
While this assessment has found that much of the stream habitat in this region is at low or very low risk of degradation, some key fish habitat disturbances, including water withdrawals or diversions and intensity of livestock grazing in watersheds, could not be directly included in this assessment because national datasets of these disturbances and their supporting variables are unavailable. These disturbances are known to have major, negative effects on fish habitats in this region. Their absence from this assessment, along with absences of other disturbances, has likely produced an overestimation of habitat condition (quality) for some water bodies. Despite such absences, impairment to fish habitats was determined...
The Plains Minnow (Hybognathus placitus) is well adapted to prairie watersheds. It is found in open, shallow river channels of highly turbid rivers and creeks with sandy bottoms, high levels of dissolved solids, and slight to moderate erratic flows, typical of these watersheds. One of many issues affecting the Plains Minnow is that the construction of dams has significantly altered flow regimes in its range. Eliminating flood events has removed the historical cues for spawning and reduced spawning habitat.
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2015,
FishWithHabitatTrouble,
MountainRegion,
MountainStates
Both Green (Acipenser medirostris) and White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) are long-lived species with delayed and intermittent spawning that require large amounts of connected habitat to complete their life cycle. Both species use inshore marine and estuarine habitat along with rivers for juvenile and adult habitat and require clean substrates in rivers to successfully spawn. Hydropower dams are barriers to movements of these species in Pacific rivers and have negatively affected spawning success by creating unstable daily water flow patterns through peaking power operations as has been documented in other sturgeon species. For example, the fragmentation of the Columbia River by dams has created 17 land-locked...
The Pahrump Poolfish (Empetrichthys latos) is an endangered endemic springfish and is the only remaining species in its genus, Empetrichthys. Originally occurring only in a large spring in southern Nevada, its entire historic habitat was lost in the 1960s due to excessive groundwater pumping, which desiccated the spring system. This species now exists in several refuge habitats in southern and central Nevada, as efforts to restore its original habitat have thus far been unsuccessful.
The Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) has declined across its entire range due largely to loss of breeding habitat and overharvest, with much of it as illegal harvesting for caviar. Although conservation efforts have stabilized this species in the Central Mississippi States, a continued decline is expected due to overharvest, introduced species (particularly Asian Carp), and pollution. Other threats include channelization and dam construction that have blocked seasonal migration to suitable spawning sites which isolates individual populations and lead to breeding issues. Some characteristics of its life history, such as length of time to reach sexual maturity, make it susceptible to decline and slow to recover.
A. Pervasive disturbances: The most common disturbances based on total stream length in a given region. Top five overall most pervasive disturbances to all stream reaches, regardless of stream size and across all spatial scales (ranked highest first): Impervious surface cover Population density Low intensity urban land use Road length density Downstream dam density Top three most pervasive disturbances to creeks (watersheds <100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales: Impervious surface cover Low intensity urban land use Population density Top three most pervasive disturbances to rivers (watersheds >100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales: Upstream dam density Pasture and hay land use Population...
A. Pervasive disturbances: The most common disturbances based on total stream length in a given region. Top five overall most pervasive disturbances to all stream reaches, regardless of stream size and across all spatial scales ranked highest first): Crop land use Population density Pasture and hay land use Road crossing density Low intensity land use Top three most pervasive disturbances to creeks (watersheds <100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales: Crop land use Population density Low intensity urban land use Top three most pervasive disturbances to rivers (watersheds >100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales : Pasture and hay land use Population density Crop land use Top five most pervasive...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2015,
PervasiveSevere,
UpperMidwestRegion,
UpperMidwestStates
In the 1990s, urban land in Ohio, Illinois, and Indiana increased by about 10 percent. Currently, Ohio and Illinois are among the 10 most populous states in the nation, while Indiana is 16th. Over 31 million people live in these three states. Large cities such as Chicago, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, and Cleveland, as well as the suburban sprawl throughout the region, have created large areas of impervious surfaces and urban pollution near the rivers and lakes. These factors are known to degrade fish habitat by changing water flow (hydrology) and by adding excessive amounts of nutrients, pollutants and sediment into the waters in this region.
The Shortnose Sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum), the smallest of the three sturgeon species that occur in the eastern United States, requires clean rock or rubble above the head of tide for spawning. It has suffered from the construction of dams in the region. This species migrates upriver from lower reaches of river systems or from upper estuary areas to spawn, but has been blocked from reaching spawning areas by dams. Other spawning habitat has been impaired by water flow changes from water withdrawals and dam operations, particularly peaking power operations. Sturgeon species, in general, are very sensitive to changes from the natural water flow conditions.
Northern Plains States Fish Habitat Partnerships’ 2010 - 2015 Actions to Make a Difference Partnerships - Reservoir Fisheries Habitat Partnership, Great Lakes Basin Fish Habitat Partnership, Midwest Glacial Lakes Partnership, and Fishers and Farmers Partnership Provided funding for restoration of 2,825 feet of shoreline habitat, 932 feet of wetlands, and 2.5 acres of cove habitat in Custer County, Nebraska. Partners installed 25 rock piles, 26 tree reefs, and 26 shoals. Removed 58,810 cubic yards of bottom sediments from Arnold Lake, Nebraska. For more about specific waters and projects the Northern Plains States Fish Habitat Partnerships are working on, please see the following locations: New Life for Aging...
Map of the risk of current fish habitat degradation of inland streams of the Southern Plains States.
A. Pervasive disturbances: The most common disturbances based on total stream length in a given region. Top five overall most pervasive disturbances to all stream reaches, regardless of stream size and across all spatial scales (ranked highest first): Impervious surface cover Total anthropogenic sediment yield Upstream dam density Industrial water withdrawal High intensity urban land use Top three most pervasive disturbances to creeks (watersheds <100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales: Total anthropogenic (human caused) sediment yield Impervious surface cover Industrial water withdrawal Top three most pervasive disturbances to rivers (watersheds >100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales : Road...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2015,
PacificCoastRegion,
PacificCoastStates,
PervasiveSevere
The Desert Pupfish (Cyprinodon macularius) is a Federally listed endangered species found in shallow waters of rare desert springs, small streams, and marshes. The typical habitat includes clear water with aquatic plants or algae. These are difficult habitats for fish as they have high salinity water, high water temperatures, and low oxygen concentrations. Decline of the Desert Pupfish has been associated with dam construction, water diversions, groundwater pumping, pesticide drift, and encroachment of non-native vegetation such as Tamarix, also known as Salt Cedar. Salt Cedar can alter riparian habitats and the subsequent shading and roots can alter aquatic habitats.
Major population centers exist on most of the islands, particularly on O’ahu which has a densely populated urban core. Urban sprawl increased by 76,000 acres from 1982 to 2012, which equals about two percent of Hawaii’s land mass. Urbanization results in physical loss of aquatic habitat as well as polluted runoff and altered hydrology. The Hawaiian Department of Health in 2015 listed sediment, nutrients, and bacteria as the most common threats to aquatic ecosystems and human health and that the vast majority of impaired sites are marine areas. Development contributes excessive sedimentation through improperly constructed roads and drainage systems, poor construction practices, and to nutrient loading through landscape...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2015,
Hawaii,
HawaiiRegion,
HumanActivity,
UrbanLandUse
A.Pervasive disturbances: The most common disturbances based on total stream length in a given region. Top five overall most pervasive disturbances to all stream reaches, regardless of stream size and across all spatial scales (ranked highest first): Impervious surface Road crossing density Road length density Downstream dam density Crop land use Top five most pervasive disturbances, specific to spatial scale: Road crossing density in network catchments Road length density in network catchments Impervious surface cover in network catchments Downstream dam density in network catchments Impervious surface cover in network buffers In the Mountain state group, 76.6% of streams are classified as low or very low...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2015,
MountainRegion,
MountainStates,
PervasiveSevere
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