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Wheat and corn are the two most commonly grown crops in Kansas and Oklahoma and zones with a high risk of habitat degradation in eastern Kansas and Oklahoma correspond to areas of these and other row crops. Texas grew 6.2 million acres of cotton in 2014-15 predominately in the panhandle region, which was projected to be at high risk of fish habitat deterioration. Nutrient runoff from crop fields from all southern plains states not only affects local streams but eventually ends up in estuaries and the Gulf of Mexico. This high-nutrient runoff contributes to a low oxygen dead zone which annually averages over 5,000 square miles in size in the northern Gulf of Mexico and causes fish kills.
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Assessment Results for Rivers and Streams of the Southwestern States A. Pervasive disturbances: The most common disturbances based on total stream length in a given region. Top five overall most pervasive disturbances to all stream reaches, regardless of stream size and across all spatial scales (ranked highest first): Road crossing density Road length density Impervious surface Downstream dam density Population density Top three most pervasive disturbances to creeks (watersheds <100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales: Road crossing density Road length density Impervious surface Top three most pervasive disturbances to rivers (watersheds >100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales : Road crossing...
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Map of the risk of current fish habitat degradation of inland streams of Alaska (HUC-12).
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The northeast is one of the most urbanized areas in the country, with a high percentage of impervious surfaces in some of its watersheds. These impervious surfaces alter the water flow (hydrology) of streams and increase sedimentation, nutrient loading, and pollution in rivers, lakes, and bays. Urbanization also results in the direct loss of fish habitat as wetlands are filled, streams diverted, and channels dredged. The effects of urbanization are apparent in the greater New York City area, Boston, Westchester-Springfield, Providence, and Buffalo-Rochester. However, increasing suburban sprawl also has a significant negative affect on aquatic habitats. From 1982 to 2012, developed land increased by almost three...
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Map of the risk of current fish habitat degradation of inland streams of the Northeastern States region.
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The Alabama Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus suttkusi) has suffered from habitat loss and fragmentation caused by dredging for navigation, peaking hydropower projects, and dam construction. This species requires clean hard substrate with stable daily flows for spawning, and needs connected river reaches for long-distance spawning migrations. Both of these needs have been disrupted by human activities in their range. This fish has disappeared from about 85 percent of its historic range in the Alabama and Tombigbee River systems. The Alabama Sturgeon was placed on the endangered species list in 2000.
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The Redside Dace (Clinostomus elongatus) prefers small to medium, cool, clear, rubble- and gravel-bottomed streams. This type of habitat in streams is disappearing in parts of the region because of excessive sedimentation, altered water flows, and nutrient inputs from farming, mining, and urban development.
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The Pinewoods Darter (Etheostoma mariae) is native to the Little Peedee River system in the Carolina Sandhills area where it is found in smaller, swift-flowing creeks with gravel bottoms and vegetation. This area is becoming increasingly altered by residential development, agriculture, lumbering, and damming of headwater streams, typically for golf course development. Additionally, the reintroduction and rapid expansion of beavers in this drainage is converting some of the critical flowing streams to small impoundments.
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The Northern Madtom (Noturus stigmosus) is a small member of the catfish family that requires fast currents and complex rocky habitat. It faces a host of habitat threats including competition with invasive species, climate change, siltation, loss of habitat, excessive turbidity, and poor water quality. Channelization of small streams in this region is a significant threat to this species.
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The Pallid Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) once ranged throughout the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers and requires moderate to swift rivers with both sand and rock substrates. This long-lived species, often living more than 50 years and growing to 90 pounds, requires un-fragmented river reaches to complete its life history. River channelization, bank stabilization, impoundments, and altered flow regimes have all negatively affected this species, which is listed under the Federal Endangered Species Act. The presence of multiple large dams on the Missouri River has truncated the distance the larvae can be free-floating and may cause them to settle out in the reservoirs and perish. Adult Pallid Sturgeon are not able...
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There are nine large dams on the 652-mile (1,049-kilometer) Tennessee River. There are another 23 large dams on the tributaries to the Tennessee River. Protected areas in the region ensure the recovery of endangered and threatened species of animals and plants, including the Longnose Darter, Ozark Cavefish, and Ozark Cave Crayfish. Six large reservoirs were created by dams in the White River Basin, Arkansas, from 1911 through 1960 and required the displacement of a large number of people. Nearly 400 people in Baxter County, Arkansas, were displaced to make way for the reservoir created by the Norfork Dam. The town of Forsyth, Missouri, was relocated in its entirety to a spot 2 miles (3.2 kilometers) from its previous...
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The largest of the eight main Hawaii Islands— Hawai’i, Maui, Molokai, O’ahu, and Kaua’i—have well-defined watersheds and perennial streams. There are 376 perennial streams on these islands, most of which start high in the mountains and high numerous waterfalls before they reach the ocean. Forty large stream systems form small stream-mouth estuaries at their confluence with the ocean. These estuaries are critical transition points for migratory fish species and represent the connecting point between inland and coastal systems. They are also important nursery habitat for many coastal marine reef fish during key life stages. Furthermore, Hawaii’s aquatic resources are considered to be absolutely...
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Map of the risk of current fish habitat degradation of inland streams of the Eastern Gulf of Mexico States.
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Historically, American Shad (Alosa sapidissima) spawned in virtually every river and tributary along the Atlantic coast and was relied on by Native Americans and early Europeans as a food source. Early declines in abundance of American Shad have been attributed to dam construction, overfishing and degradation of riverine habitats. Water pollution contributed to the decline and resulted in the almost complete disappearance of shad in many watersheds along the Atlantic Coast. The American Shad used to spawn as much as 300 miles upstream in some of the larger tributary watersheds such as the Susquehanna River; however many dams now block fish passage to their historic spawning grounds. Between 1998 and 2007, only...
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The Arkansas Darter (Etheostoma cragini) is native to the Arkansas River drainage and is known to move extensively in this system in response to varying stream flows. It requires shallow water gravel habitat or woody debris for spawning. Stream dewatering and decreased flows caused by groundwater pumping have affected populations of this darter. Water quality degradation has also been an issue and is often the result of intensive livestock grazing and trampling of stream banks, application of animal wastes as fertilizer to cropland, salt-water intrusion into groundwater, and spills from concentrated animal feed operations.
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Historical pictures and accounts document the substantial decline of Alligator Gar ( Atractosteus spatula) throughout its range. A number of factors likely contributed to the decline, including angler overharvest and habitat loss resulting from dredging and damming southern rivers. Alligator Gar was a highly sought sport and commercial fish by some but was targeted for eradication or control by others as a “trash fish.” Studies in Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana have shown that the Alligator Gar is susceptible to overfishing. It has been classified as rare in Missouri, threatened in Illinois, and endangered in Arkansas and Kentucky, and is expected to soon to be classified as endangered in Tennessee. Populations...
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The Blackbanded Sunfish ( Enneacanthus chaetodon) inhabits acidic swamps, backwaters, and ponds. Although once a widespread species, it is disappearing from much of its former range. Forest clearing, loss of beavers, liming of farm fields, and stream channelization have reduced the amount of habitat available for this rare species.
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Partnerships - Western Native Trout Initiative, Reservoir Fisheries Habitat Partnership, Desert Fish Habitat Partnership, and Great Plains Fish Habitat Partnership Partners removed 11 barriers and reconnected over 112 miles of native trout streams and river habitat and improved instream flow in 45 miles of streams. Installed four barriers to protect native trout from competition, predation, and interbreeding with introduced species. Funded 26 population assessments that provided valuable information for the management of native trout in the Mountain States. Cooperated on a critical project for Greenback Cutthroat Trout to place in-stream structures to restore pool habitat, stabilize eroding stream banks, remove...
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Since European settlement, the wide coastal plain of the Southeast Atlantic states has been used for large agricultural operations producing soybeans, corn, cotton, peanuts, tobacco, and many other agricultural products. Recently, farmers have intensively planted more acreage with soybeans and corn, which is in part due to the biofuel demand. Increasing use of irrigation for these row crops has changed water flow (hydrology) in many of the region’s streams. Intensive hog and chicken farming have expanded as well. Improperly managed runoff from farms contributes excess sediments and nutrients to streams, which interferes with fish spawning, can lead to potentially harmful algal blooms, and can cause fish kills from...
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Mining efforts in the Northeastern States contributed to the high risk scores of network catchments in the 2015 inland assessment. The very high risk region of southern Maine and central New Hampshire has a concentration of active and legacy mines. Sand, gravel and rock are dominant mining products in that area, along with heavy metals such as lead, zinc, and tungsten which also actively mined. The high risk area along both sides of the Connecticut River between Vermont and New Hampshire contains a large number of mines, which predominately excavate sulfur, copper, zinc, iron, molybdenum, and beryllium. Limestone is heavily mined along the western border of Vermont as well as along the I-90 corridor in New York,...
map background search result map search result map Description of Agriculture as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Southeast Atlantic States Habitat Trouble for American Shad in Mid-Atlantic States Eastern Gulf of Mexico States - Risk of Current Fish Habitat Degradation Map Facts About Central Mississippi River States Habitat Trouble for Redside Dace in Upper Midwest States Description of Agriculture as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Southern Plains States Summary of Scientific Findings for Hawaii Description of Mining as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Northeastern States Habitat Trouble for Pallid Sturgeon in Northern Plains States Habitat Trouble for Alligator Gar in Eastern Gulf of Mexico States Habitat Trouble for Pinewoods Darter in Southeast Atlantic States Alaska - Risk of Current Alteration Map (HUC-12) Most Pervasive and Severe Disturbances for the Southwestern States Habitat Trouble for Blackbanded Sunfish in Mid-Atlantic States Description of Urban Land Use as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Northeastern States Habitat Trouble for Arkansas Darter in Southern Plains States Habitat Trouble for Alabama Sturgeon in Eastern Gulf of Mexico States Habitat Trouble for Northern Madtom in Central Midwest States Fish Habitat Partnership Activities for the Mountain States Northeastern States- Risk of Current Fish Habitat Degradation Map Habitat Trouble for American Shad in Mid-Atlantic States Habitat Trouble for Blackbanded Sunfish in Mid-Atlantic States Description of Agriculture as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Southeast Atlantic States Habitat Trouble for Pinewoods Darter in Southeast Atlantic States Habitat Trouble for Pallid Sturgeon in Northern Plains States Description of Mining as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Northeastern States Description of Urban Land Use as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Northeastern States Northeastern States- Risk of Current Fish Habitat Degradation Map Habitat Trouble for Northern Madtom in Central Midwest States Facts About Central Mississippi River States Habitat Trouble for Redside Dace in Upper Midwest States Eastern Gulf of Mexico States - Risk of Current Fish Habitat Degradation Map Habitat Trouble for Alligator Gar in Eastern Gulf of Mexico States Habitat Trouble for Alabama Sturgeon in Eastern Gulf of Mexico States Most Pervasive and Severe Disturbances for the Southwestern States Fish Habitat Partnership Activities for the Mountain States Description of Agriculture as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Southern Plains States Habitat Trouble for Arkansas Darter in Southern Plains States Summary of Scientific Findings for Hawaii Alaska - Risk of Current Alteration Map (HUC-12)