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A. Pervasive disturbances: The most common disturbances based on total stream length in a given region. Top five overall most pervasive disturbances to all stream reaches, regardless of stream size and across all spatial scales ranked highest first): Crop land use Population density Pasture and hay land use Road crossing density Low intensity land use Top three most pervasive disturbances to creeks (watersheds <100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales: Crop land use Population density Low intensity urban land use Top three most pervasive disturbances to rivers (watersheds >100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales : Pasture and hay land use Population density Crop land use Top five most pervasive...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2015,
PervasiveSevere,
UpperMidwestRegion,
UpperMidwestStates
In the 1990s, urban land in Ohio, Illinois, and Indiana increased by about 10 percent. Currently, Ohio and Illinois are among the 10 most populous states in the nation, while Indiana is 16th. Over 31 million people live in these three states. Large cities such as Chicago, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, and Cleveland, as well as the suburban sprawl throughout the region, have created large areas of impervious surfaces and urban pollution near the rivers and lakes. These factors are known to degrade fish habitat by changing water flow (hydrology) and by adding excessive amounts of nutrients, pollutants and sediment into the waters in this region.
The Shortnose Sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum), the smallest of the three sturgeon species that occur in the eastern United States, requires clean rock or rubble above the head of tide for spawning. It has suffered from the construction of dams in the region. This species migrates upriver from lower reaches of river systems or from upper estuary areas to spawn, but has been blocked from reaching spawning areas by dams. Other spawning habitat has been impaired by water flow changes from water withdrawals and dam operations, particularly peaking power operations. Sturgeon species, in general, are very sensitive to changes from the natural water flow conditions.
Northern Plains States Fish Habitat Partnerships’ 2010 - 2015 Actions to Make a Difference Partnerships - Reservoir Fisheries Habitat Partnership, Great Lakes Basin Fish Habitat Partnership, Midwest Glacial Lakes Partnership, and Fishers and Farmers Partnership Provided funding for restoration of 2,825 feet of shoreline habitat, 932 feet of wetlands, and 2.5 acres of cove habitat in Custer County, Nebraska. Partners installed 25 rock piles, 26 tree reefs, and 26 shoals. Removed 58,810 cubic yards of bottom sediments from Arnold Lake, Nebraska. For more about specific waters and projects the Northern Plains States Fish Habitat Partnerships are working on, please see the following locations: New Life for Aging...
A. Pervasive disturbances: The most common disturbances based on total stream length in a given region. Top five overall most pervasive disturbances to all stream reaches, regardless of stream size and across all spatial scales (ranked highest first): Impervious surface cover Total anthropogenic sediment yield Upstream dam density Industrial water withdrawal High intensity urban land use Top three most pervasive disturbances to creeks (watersheds <100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales: Total anthropogenic (human caused) sediment yield Impervious surface cover Industrial water withdrawal Top three most pervasive disturbances to rivers (watersheds >100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales : Road...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2015,
PacificCoastRegion,
PacificCoastStates,
PervasiveSevere
The Desert Pupfish (Cyprinodon macularius) is a Federally listed endangered species found in shallow waters of rare desert springs, small streams, and marshes. The typical habitat includes clear water with aquatic plants or algae. These are difficult habitats for fish as they have high salinity water, high water temperatures, and low oxygen concentrations. Decline of the Desert Pupfish has been associated with dam construction, water diversions, groundwater pumping, pesticide drift, and encroachment of non-native vegetation such as Tamarix, also known as Salt Cedar. Salt Cedar can alter riparian habitats and the subsequent shading and roots can alter aquatic habitats.
Major population centers exist on most of the islands, particularly on O’ahu which has a densely populated urban core. Urban sprawl increased by 76,000 acres from 1982 to 2012, which equals about two percent of Hawaii’s land mass. Urbanization results in physical loss of aquatic habitat as well as polluted runoff and altered hydrology. The Hawaiian Department of Health in 2015 listed sediment, nutrients, and bacteria as the most common threats to aquatic ecosystems and human health and that the vast majority of impaired sites are marine areas. Development contributes excessive sedimentation through improperly constructed roads and drainage systems, poor construction practices, and to nutrient loading through landscape...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2015,
Hawaii,
HawaiiRegion,
HumanActivity,
UrbanLandUse
A.Pervasive disturbances: The most common disturbances based on total stream length in a given region. Top five overall most pervasive disturbances to all stream reaches, regardless of stream size and across all spatial scales (ranked highest first): Impervious surface Road crossing density Road length density Downstream dam density Crop land use Top five most pervasive disturbances, specific to spatial scale: Road crossing density in network catchments Road length density in network catchments Impervious surface cover in network catchments Downstream dam density in network catchments Impervious surface cover in network buffers In the Mountain state group, 76.6% of streams are classified as low or very low...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2015,
MountainRegion,
MountainStates,
PervasiveSevere
Wheat and corn are the two most commonly grown crops in Kansas and Oklahoma and zones with a high risk of habitat degradation in eastern Kansas and Oklahoma correspond to areas of these and other row crops. Texas grew 6.2 million acres of cotton in 2014-15 predominately in the panhandle region, which was projected to be at high risk of fish habitat deterioration. Nutrient runoff from crop fields from all southern plains states not only affects local streams but eventually ends up in estuaries and the Gulf of Mexico. This high-nutrient runoff contributes to a low oxygen dead zone which annually averages over 5,000 square miles in size in the northern Gulf of Mexico and causes fish kills.
Assessment Results for Rivers and Streams of the Southwestern States A. Pervasive disturbances: The most common disturbances based on total stream length in a given region. Top five overall most pervasive disturbances to all stream reaches, regardless of stream size and across all spatial scales (ranked highest first): Road crossing density Road length density Impervious surface Downstream dam density Population density Top three most pervasive disturbances to creeks (watersheds <100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales: Road crossing density Road length density Impervious surface Top three most pervasive disturbances to rivers (watersheds >100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales : Road crossing...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2015,
PervasiveSevere,
SouthwesternRegion,
SouthwesternStates
The northeast is one of the most urbanized areas in the country, with a high percentage of impervious surfaces in some of its watersheds. These impervious surfaces alter the water flow (hydrology) of streams and increase sedimentation, nutrient loading, and pollution in rivers, lakes, and bays. Urbanization also results in the direct loss of fish habitat as wetlands are filled, streams diverted, and channels dredged. The effects of urbanization are apparent in the greater New York City area, Boston, Westchester-Springfield, Providence, and Buffalo-Rochester. However, increasing suburban sprawl also has a significant negative affect on aquatic habitats. From 1982 to 2012, developed land increased by almost three...
The Alabama Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus suttkusi) has suffered from habitat loss and fragmentation caused by dredging for navigation, peaking hydropower projects, and dam construction. This species requires clean hard substrate with stable daily flows for spawning, and needs connected river reaches for long-distance spawning migrations. Both of these needs have been disrupted by human activities in their range. This fish has disappeared from about 85 percent of its historic range in the Alabama and Tombigbee River systems. The Alabama Sturgeon was placed on the endangered species list in 2000.
The Redside Dace (Clinostomus elongatus) prefers small to medium, cool, clear, rubble- and gravel-bottomed streams. This type of habitat in streams is disappearing in parts of the region because of excessive sedimentation, altered water flows, and nutrient inputs from farming, mining, and urban development.
The Pinewoods Darter (Etheostoma mariae) is native to the Little Peedee River system in the Carolina Sandhills area where it is found in smaller, swift-flowing creeks with gravel bottoms and vegetation. This area is becoming increasingly altered by residential development, agriculture, lumbering, and damming of headwater streams, typically for golf course development. Additionally, the reintroduction and rapid expansion of beavers in this drainage is converting some of the critical flowing streams to small impoundments.
The Northern Madtom (Noturus stigmosus) is a small member of the catfish family that requires fast currents and complex rocky habitat. It faces a host of habitat threats including competition with invasive species, climate change, siltation, loss of habitat, excessive turbidity, and poor water quality. Channelization of small streams in this region is a significant threat to this species.
The Pallid Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) once ranged throughout the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers and requires moderate to swift rivers with both sand and rock substrates. This long-lived species, often living more than 50 years and growing to 90 pounds, requires un-fragmented river reaches to complete its life history. River channelization, bank stabilization, impoundments, and altered flow regimes have all negatively affected this species, which is listed under the Federal Endangered Species Act. The presence of multiple large dams on the Missouri River has truncated the distance the larvae can be free-floating and may cause them to settle out in the reservoirs and perish. Adult Pallid Sturgeon are not able...
There are nine large dams on the 652-mile (1,049-kilometer) Tennessee River. There are another 23 large dams on the tributaries to the Tennessee River. Protected areas in the region ensure the recovery of endangered and threatened species of animals and plants, including the Longnose Darter, Ozark Cavefish, and Ozark Cave Crayfish. Six large reservoirs were created by dams in the White River Basin, Arkansas, from 1911 through 1960 and required the displacement of a large number of people. Nearly 400 people in Baxter County, Arkansas, were displaced to make way for the reservoir created by the Norfork Dam. The town of Forsyth, Missouri, was relocated in its entirety to a spot 2 miles (3.2 kilometers) from its previous...
The largest of the eight main Hawaii Islands— Hawai’i, Maui, Molokai, O’ahu, and Kaua’i—have well-defined watersheds and perennial streams. There are 376 perennial streams on these islands, most of which start high in the mountains and high numerous waterfalls before they reach the ocean. Forty large stream systems form small stream-mouth estuaries at their confluence with the ocean. These estuaries are critical transition points for migratory fish species and represent the connecting point between inland and coastal systems. They are also important nursery habitat for many coastal marine reef fish during key life stages. Furthermore, Hawaii’s aquatic resources are considered to be absolutely...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2015,
Hawaii,
HawaiiRegion,
RegionalSummary
Historically, American Shad (Alosa sapidissima) spawned in virtually every river and tributary along the Atlantic coast and was relied on by Native Americans and early Europeans as a food source. Early declines in abundance of American Shad have been attributed to dam construction, overfishing and degradation of riverine habitats. Water pollution contributed to the decline and resulted in the almost complete disappearance of shad in many watersheds along the Atlantic Coast. The American Shad used to spawn as much as 300 miles upstream in some of the larger tributary watersheds such as the Susquehanna River; however many dams now block fish passage to their historic spawning grounds. Between 1998 and 2007, only...
The Arkansas Darter (Etheostoma cragini) is native to the Arkansas River drainage and is known to move extensively in this system in response to varying stream flows. It requires shallow water gravel habitat or woody debris for spawning. Stream dewatering and decreased flows caused by groundwater pumping have affected populations of this darter. Water quality degradation has also been an issue and is often the result of intensive livestock grazing and trampling of stream banks, application of animal wastes as fertilizer to cropland, salt-water intrusion into groundwater, and spills from concentrated animal feed operations.
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