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This release presents volcanic gas monitoring data from periodic surveys and temporary instrument deployments at Newberry Volcano, Oregon. Measurements of plume-gas and ambient air compositions were obtained using single-gas industrial hydrogen sulfide (H2S) sensors and with multi-GAS (multiple Gas Analyzer System; Aiuppa et al., 2005; Shinohara, 2005; Lewicki et al., 2017) instruments that measure water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and H2S abundances. Discrete multi-GAS surveys were completed in 2017 at East Lake hot springs and Paulina hot springs. In response to reports of anomalous degassing in the summer of 2020 more extensive discrete multi-GAS surveys were completed around Newberry...
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This data release contains results of model simulations of a plume at Kilauea volcano that occurred on 20 December 2020. The ash-poor plume was produced when lava flowed into a water lake at the summit of Kilauea volcano. Simulations were conducted to constrain the conditions under which the plume rose to its observed height. The analysis and results are described in the accompanying paper: Cahalan RC, Mastin L, Van Eaton A, Hurwitz S, Smith AB, Dufek J, Solovitz SA, Patrick M, Schmith J, Parcheta C, Thelen W, Downs DT (2023 (in press)) Dynamics of the December 2020 ash-poor plume formed by lava-water interaction at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems.
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Mineral compositions are reported for Quaternary volcanic rocks of the Matan volcanic center, northern Harrat Rahat, Saudi Arabia. Compositions were measured by wavelength-dispersive methods with the 5-spectrometer JEOL-8900 electron microprobe at the USGS facility in Menlo Park, California; background-corrected X-ray intensities were reduced to oxide weight concentrations with the JEOL proprietary version of the CITZAF reduction schema. These results are part of a collaborative study by the U.S. Geological Survey and Saudi Geological survey to assess the volcanic and seismic hazards associated with the northern Harrat Rahat volcanic field.
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Data in this release record ground-surface positions obtained during post-disaster emergency response following the 2014 catastrophic Oso (SR 530) landslide, Snohomish County, Washington. Global Positioning System (GPS) data were collected using three USGS GPS-seismometer spider units deployed adjacent to (OSO1), upslope of (OSO2), and on (OSO3) the landslide (see image for locations) for about five weeks. Details of the post-disaster response as well as the spider units are described in the accompanying publication. Positions were determined in near real-time relative to a base-station GPS receiver (OSO0) located on stable ground less than 2 km from the landslide using static, differential GPS processing techniques....
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Tiltmeter data from borehole tilt stations UWE and SDH from January 1 to December 31, 2020, spanning a Kīlauea summit intrusion and summit eruption that began on December 20, 2020. These data were collected in 2020 by Andria P Ellis and Ingrid A Johanson of the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. The authors thank Sarah Conway for conducting the nearly monthly clock resets for these tiltmeters in 2020.
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The Shady Rest thermal area (SRST) is characterized by elevated soil temperatures and CO2 emissions and associated vegetation kill. The site is located about 3 km northwest of the Casa Diablo geothermal power plant at Mammoth Lakes, California. The elevated soil temperatures and CO2 emissions are related to changes in the shallow hydrothermal system caused by geothermal fluid production. During late 2006 changes at the Casa Diablo geothermal power plant included installation of 2 new production wells near SRST. Fluid production from these wells resulted in the expansion of areas of existing thermal ground, development of new thermal ground and an increase in the number of tree kills. Between 2006 and 2019 the USGS...
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The youngest and largest island in the State of Hawaii—the Island of Hawai‘i—is formed by five volcanoes, three of which have erupted within recent geologic history: Mauna Loa, Kīlauea, and Hualālai. This data release provides a chronology for activity and impacts at Mauna Loa, Kīlauea, and Hualālai over approximately the past two and a half centuries. This data release includes a word document, “HI_volcanoes_chronology_description,” that describes the data compilation process and provides simple summary tables of eruptive activity and maps. A CSV file contains the compiled eruption chronology data for all volcanoes—"HI_volcanoes_chronology_data”—references for which are provided in a separate CSV file titled “HI_volcanoes_chronology_references.”...
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These data are microgravity measurements collected at the summit of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Data are collected using multiple instruments, with each file representing measurements from a specific instrument during a specific time period. The data dictionary explains the file format and contents, and the dataset will be updated as new measurements are collected.
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The Long Valley Caldera in eastern California formed about 760,000 years ago following the eruption of ~600 km3 of high-silica rhyolite. The Long Valley volcanic-hydrothermal system contains sufficient heat to support the Casa Diablo binary geothermal power plant sited on the margin of the resurgent dome. Present day volcanic activity is evidenced by periods of seismicity and deformation and the presence of magmatic volatiles in thermal fluids. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) uses a variety of techniques to monitor the volcanic system that underlies the Long Valley Caldera. Monitoring data include measurements of seismicity and deformation and chemical analyses of thermal waters and gases that are emitted at...
This Data Release includes results of repeated leveling surveys each summer from 2002 to 2006 and in 2008 along two short traverses in the Three Sisters Wilderness Area, central Oregon Cascade Range. A data dictionary explains the file format and contents. The dataset will be updated if new measurements are collected, which is unlikely unless there is a significant change in the rate or pattern of activity observed to date. This Data Release includes results of repeated leveling surveys each summer from 2002 to 2006 and in 2008 along two short traverses in the Three Sisters Wilderness, central Oregon Cascade Range. The surveys were part of an undertaking by the USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory to monitor an episode...
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This data release includes documentation of rock core recovered from three shallow holes drilled during the summer of 2000 into the flanks of Mauna Loa volcano, on the Island of Hawai‘i, Hawaii. Holes were drilled to accommodate installation of U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory volcano-monitoring instruments in the year 2000. Rock core recovered from the holes, which extend 112–119 m (367–392 ft) below the ground surface, were logged to characterize the sub-surface local geology. Core are described by depth below the ground surface, lithologic unit type and class, phenocryst type and abundance, groundmass type, vesicle abundance, morphology, and distribution, alteration, fracturing, and unit contacts....
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Alamagan Volcano is a Quaternary stratovolcano along the Mariana Arc, an active subduction zone in the western Pacific Ocean. Although primarily submerged, its peak reaches above sea level, with subaerially-exposed volcanic deposits dating back through the Holocene to the late Pleistocene. These feature data represent such deposits and other geologic features of Alamagan Volcano, describing its interpreted eruptive history.
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The Harrat Rahat volcanic field, located in the west-central part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is the largest of 15 harrats (Arabic for 'volcanic field') hosted within the Arabian plate. Harrat Rahat is 50 to 75 km wide (east-west) and 300 km long (north-south), covering an area of approximately 20,000 square kilometers and encompassing more than 900 observable vents. The overall map area and its dataset show the volcanic geology of the northern part (about 3,340 square kilometers) of Harrat Rahat, at a scale of 1:75,000. Two additional map areas and their feature classes highlight areas of interest at 1:25,000 scale. Northern Harrat Rahat is of interest owing to the location of the city of Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah...
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Active thermal areas in Yellowstone National Park provide insight into a variety of hydrothermal processes occurring at depth, such as water-rock interactions, the formation of alteration minerals, and microbial (thermophile) metabolism in extreme environments. Research drill hole Y-7 (44°29'8.74", -110°51'7.67") is one of 13 holes completed by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1967 and 1968 at selected sites in hot spring and geyser areas of the park (White and others, 1975). The holes were drilled with a goal of obtaining physical and chemical data on the shallow part of the hydrothermal system. Drill hole Y-7 is located at the northern end of the Biscuit Basin parking lot, in the northern part of the Upper Geyser...
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These data are derived from the Pleistocene Sacarosa tephra-fall deposit (TFD) which erupted from Misti volcano, Arequipa, southern Peru. The deposit represents a major eruption of Misti and these data are used to characterize the deposit. The radiocarbon ages are from units bracketing the Sacarosa TFD and constrain its eruption age. Whole-rock major and trace element concentrations for Sacarosa pumice were determined by X-ray flourescence and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Density was measured for 89 pumice from six bulk samples of the Sacarosa TFD. These data are provided as part of an effort to characterize the Sacarosa TFD and determine its eruption age.
This data release provides volcanic plume heights from the summit of Kīlauea Volcano for 2008-2015, and during the eruptive events of 2018. For 2018, a Secacam Wild Vision Full HD camera with a 7mm focal length was located at 1717 m elevation approximately 15 m south of the Mauna Loa Strip Road within Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, 19.475843°N, 155.363560°W (WGS84). The camera was pointed southeast to capture images of the Kīlauea caldera every two minutes. These images were used to calculate maximum plume heights within the full frame of the camera. For each two-minute image, the maximum plume heights above the Halemaʻumaʻu crater rim, and in the overall image, were calculated using the horizontal distance to...
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In 2018, a large effusive eruption on the lower flank of Kīlauea Volcano was associated with collapse and subsidence of the summit caldera floor (Neal and others, 2019). The bottom of Halemaʻumaʻu, a crater nested within the summit caldera, subsided by more than 500 m. In July 2019, water was observed ponding on the deepest part of the Halemaʻumaʻu crater floor and the water rose and enlarged in area steadily over the next 16 months (Ingebritsen and others, 2020; Nadeau and others, 2020; Patrick and others, 2021). During the course of the rise, the lake surface appearance was highly dynamic and segmented, showing regions of variable color that changed from day to day (Nadeau and others, 2020). In June 2020 staff...
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Results from discrete multi-GAS surveys are compiled herein. Gas composition data were obtained using portable multi-GAS instruments that record H2O, CO2, SO2, and H2S gas mixing ratios, GPS coordinates, and pressure and temperature data at 1Hz. Initial surveys were completed in 2017 at East Lake hot springs and Paulina hot springs. In response to reports of anomalous degassing in the summer of 2020 more extensive multi-GAS surveys were completed around Newberry caldera. In 2020 the instruments' CO2, SO2, and H2S sensor responses were verified in the field with portable gas standards; in 2017 the instrument was lab-calibrated only. The collection and processing of multi-GAS data have been discussed in Gunawan et...
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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gas emitted to the atmosphere from hydrothermal gas vents and springs around Newberry caldera that can be toxic at high concentrations (https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/7783064.html). In response to reports of anomalous degassing in summer 2020, small, battery-powered, industrial single-gas H2S sensors (Dräger Pac 6500) were deployed at Cinder Hill Campground, East Lake Campground, East Lake hot springs, and Paulina hot springs. The sensors were configured to record the maximum H2S level detected in ambient air at 5-minute intervals. One sensor was stolen from East Lake hot springs and was not recovered. Please note that any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes...
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Summary: Siliceous sinter samples were collected from multiple geysers in the Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park in 2018. These silica sinter samples were collected and analyzed as a part of a multi-year research investigation into the age and geochemistry of hydrothermal features in the Upper Geyser Basin. Samples were collected along the stratigraphy of each feature. From these samples, we report 10Be, U-series, and 14C ages. Samples collected from Giant and Castle Geyser were further analyzed for their mineralogy, major and trace element concentrations, water content, and rare earth elements. This research was conducted under Yellowstone Research Permit YELL-2018-SCI-8030 and YELL-2018-SCI-5910....
map background search result map search result map Repeat microgravity data from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii Database for the geologic map of the northern Harrat Rahat volcanic field, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Mineralogy, chemistry and isotope composition of silica sinter deposits from the Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park (ver. 2.0, April 2021) Digital database of the geologic map of Alamagan Volcano, northern Mariana Islands CO2 flux and soil temperature measurements at the Shady Rest thermal area, Mammoth Lakes, California, 2010-2019 Compositional data on gases collected at fumaroles, hot springs, and gas vents across the Long Valley Caldera, California, 1994 – 2020 Data from Monitoring Volcanic Gases in Plumes and Ambient Air, Newberry Volcano, Oregon Continuous monitoring of ambient hydrogen sulfide (H2S), Newberry Volcano, Oregon Discrete multi-GAS measurements of volcanic gas plume compositions (H2O, CO2, SO2, H2S), Newberry Volcano, Oregon Volcanic plume heights from the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i Results of repeated leveling surveys near the Three Sisters volcanic center, central Oregon, 2002-2008 GPS monitoring data from spider units on the post-disaster 2014 Oso landslide, Snohomish County, Washington Electron microprobe data for plagioclase, olivine, pyroxene, and spinel in volcanic rocks from the Matan volcanic center located within the Harrat Rahat volcanic field, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Core logs from three shallow holes drilled in summer 2000 into the flanks of Mauna Loa volcano, Island of Hawai‘i, Hawaii Colorimeter data for the summit water lake at Kīlauea Volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi, 2020 Plumeria Simulations of 20 December 2020 Kīlauea Volcano Eruption Plume Chronology of recent volcanic activity on the Island of Hawai‘i, Hawaii Radiocarbon ages, whole-rock geochemical data, and pumice density measurements for the Sacarosa tephra-fall deposit, Misti volcano, southern Peru Data from temperature measurements in research drill hole Y-7, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park Tiltmeter data from Kīlauea summit stations UWE and SDH from January 1 to December 31, 2020 Data from temperature measurements in research drill hole Y-7, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park CO2 flux and soil temperature measurements at the Shady Rest thermal area, Mammoth Lakes, California, 2010-2019 Colorimeter data for the summit water lake at Kīlauea Volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi, 2020 GPS monitoring data from spider units on the post-disaster 2014 Oso landslide, Snohomish County, Washington Continuous monitoring of ambient hydrogen sulfide (H2S), Newberry Volcano, Oregon Discrete multi-GAS measurements of volcanic gas plume compositions (H2O, CO2, SO2, H2S), Newberry Volcano, Oregon Data from Monitoring Volcanic Gases in Plumes and Ambient Air, Newberry Volcano, Oregon Volcanic plume heights from the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i Results of repeated leveling surveys near the Three Sisters volcanic center, central Oregon, 2002-2008 Digital database of the geologic map of Alamagan Volcano, northern Mariana Islands Repeat microgravity data from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii Compositional data on gases collected at fumaroles, hot springs, and gas vents across the Long Valley Caldera, California, 1994 – 2020 Radiocarbon ages, whole-rock geochemical data, and pumice density measurements for the Sacarosa tephra-fall deposit, Misti volcano, southern Peru Electron microprobe data for plagioclase, olivine, pyroxene, and spinel in volcanic rocks from the Matan volcanic center located within the Harrat Rahat volcanic field, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Core logs from three shallow holes drilled in summer 2000 into the flanks of Mauna Loa volcano, Island of Hawai‘i, Hawaii Database for the geologic map of the northern Harrat Rahat volcanic field, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Mineralogy, chemistry and isotope composition of silica sinter deposits from the Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park (ver. 2.0, April 2021) Plumeria Simulations of 20 December 2020 Kīlauea Volcano Eruption Plume Tiltmeter data from Kīlauea summit stations UWE and SDH from January 1 to December 31, 2020 Chronology of recent volcanic activity on the Island of Hawai‘i, Hawaii