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Historical pictures and accounts document the substantial decline of Alligator Gar ( Atractosteus spatula) throughout its range. A number of factors likely contributed to the decline, including angler overharvest and habitat loss resulting from dredging and damming southern rivers. Alligator Gar was a highly sought sport and commercial fish by some but was targeted for eradication or control by others as a “trash fish.” Studies in Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana have shown that the Alligator Gar is susceptible to overfishing. It has been classified as rare in Missouri, threatened in Illinois, and endangered in Arkansas and Kentucky, and is expected to soon to be classified as endangered in Tennessee. Populations...
The Blackbanded Sunfish ( Enneacanthus chaetodon) inhabits acidic swamps, backwaters, and ponds. Although once a widespread species, it is disappearing from much of its former range. Forest clearing, loss of beavers, liming of farm fields, and stream channelization have reduced the amount of habitat available for this rare species.
The Missouri River is the longest river (2,341 miles or 3,767 kilometers) in North America and, in this region, forms the boundary of South Dakota and Nebraska and, after being joined by the James River from the north, forms the Iowa/Nebraska boundary. The longest tributary of the Missouri is the Platte River (310 main-stem miles (499 kilometers) and 1,050 miles (1,690 kilometers) including the longest main tributary), which joins from the west. Nebraska has the largest aquifer (underground lake/water supply) in the United States, the Ogalala aquifer, and has more subsurface groundwater reserves than any other State in the continental United States. Nebraska’s name originates from an Oto Indian word meaning “flat...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2015,
Facts,
NorthernPlainsRegion,
NorthernPlainsStates
Aquatic vegetation is the key to Bridle Shiner (Notropis bifrenatus) survival. The loss of aquatic vegetation makes this species vulnerable to predation, often by piscivorous fishes. Land use practices that increase turbidity also affect this visual predator.
The Topeka Shiner ( Notropis topeka ) requires prairie streams or oxbows that have good water quality and cool to moderate temperatures. Land practices that increase siltation, such as agricultural use, clear-cut logging, urban development, and intensive grazing, have negatively affected this fish species which is now listed as endangered under the Federal Endangered Species Act. Excessive sedimentation from poorly planned and controlled human development covers fish eggs, reduces instream cover, and fills in gravel areas needed for feeding.
The Sacramento River represents by far the largest population of returning Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). There are four distinct spawning runs of Chinook Salmon; fall, late fall, winter, and spring. Historically, maximum spawning runs in the Central Valley approached 2 million salmon including: 100,000 late-fall fish; 200,000 winter fish; 700,000 spring fish; and 900,000 early fall fish. Current spawning sizes are a fragment of historic numbers and some of the spawning runs are listed stocks under the Federal Endangered Species Act. In 2009, total Chinook Salmon spawning populations were fewer than 69,000 salmon including: 50,000 fall fish; 10,000 late-fall fish; 3,800 spring fish; and 4,700 winter...
Although Alaska has substantial intact habitats, issues quickly appear in areas associated with development. The Arctic Grayling (Thymallus arcticus) requires large intact reaches of river to thrive. Some populations are stressed in developed areas as a result of habitat loss due to poorly designed road crossings that fragment streams along with poorly conducted mining, agricultural, and forestry practices.
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2015,
Alaska,
AlaskaRegion,
FishWithHabitatTrouble
Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) is the largest species (maximum weight between 300-400 lbs.), longest lived (50-year-olds are common but can reach over 100 years in age), and among the slowest maturing species (first reproduction is between 15-25 years old) found in the Great Lakes region. Historically, this species had populations that numbered in the millions basin-wide but had been reduced to remnant populations by 1920 from overharvest; habitat destruction from river channel alteration, landscape scale logging, and pollution from industrialization; and barrier construction. The Lake Sturgeon requires clean rock substrates for spawning and often undertakes long migrations to complete its life history. Although...
The Shoal Bass (Micropterus cataractae) is one of a number of unique, lesser-known native bass species that have very restricted distributions. Juveniles and adults of this species require riffle and pool habitat with clean gravel substrate for spawning. Although the exact mechanism of population declines for this species has not been proven, the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint basin where Shoal Bass occur is the second-most impounded basin east of the Mississippi River, with more than 1,400 impoundments. The dams have fragmented and destroyed habitats through inundation, altered water flows, changed temperature regimes, and allowed the establishment of similar competing non-native basses, such as the Spotted...
The "Fish with Habitat Trouble" section of the National Fish Habitat Assessment is designed in a simple, summarized format to highlight how the impairment of fish habitat can and does directly affect fish in each region of the United States. The following considerations were taken to identify the subset of species used in the report. Initially a list of potential species for each region was developed by querying the American Fisheries Society’s Imperiled Fish database for species within each region that have a threat criteria of "1", which indicates that habitat loss is a reason the specie is imperiled. This list was verified and expanded by partner fisheries agencies and Fish Habitat Partnerships to ensure species...
Mississippi designated the Largemouth Bass as the official State fish in 1974, and it is the State freshwater fish in Florida, Alabama, and Georgia. The Pascagoula River is a unique resource because it is the only nearly completely free flowing (undammed) river in the region. With more than 10 cubic kilometers (2.4 cu mi) of water flowing per year into the Gulf of Mexico, it is the largest (by volume) undammed river in the contiguous 48 States. In fact, it is also the largest undammed river in the warm, humid region (Köppen climate classification zone), with southeastern Brazil claiming the second and third largest rivers in the climate zone. As a result, there continues to be a concerted effort to prevent dam construction...
Approximately 90 percent of the drinking water for the Washington, D.C. area comes from the Potomac River. An average of approximately 486 million gallons (1.8 million cubic meters) of water is withdrawn from the Potomac River daily in the Washington area for water supply. This is equivalent to a mid-size river with a flow of 750 cubic feet per second. At 464 miles (747 kilometers) long, the Susquehanna River is the longest river on the American east coast that drains into the Atlantic Ocean. When its watershed area is included, it is the 16th largest river in the United States and the longest river in the continental United States without commercial boat traffic today. The Susquehanna River: is almost a mile (1.6...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2015,
Facts,
MidAtlanticRegion,
MidAtlanticStates
The Bluenose Shiner (Pteronotropis welaka) inhabits a variety of habitats from backwaters and swamps to spring-run streams. It is often found in deep pools with aquatic vegetation. Population losses have been observed where either aquatic or streamside vegetation was removed. Other threats include changes in water quality and quantity, impoundments, dredging, urbanization, and both point source and non-point source pollution.
The Ozark Cavefish (Amblyopsis rosea) is found in specific cave systems with clean flowing groundwater. These systems suffer from human use of and (or) alterations to the cave systems. Recreational cavers can damage the cave ecosystem or interrupt breeding, causing this species to leave the cave, unlikely to return. Some caves have been flooded by the creation of reservoirs or have dried up because of lowered water tables from excessive groundwater pumping or water diversion.
Reductions of flows resulting from drought and water withdrawals threaten the Fountain Darter (Etheostoma fonticola) in the headwater springs that feed the San Marcos and Comal Rivers, Texas. These are the only two places in the world this species is found. It uses dense aquatic plants and algae as habitat. It is severely threatened by the loss of vegetation caused by an exotic snail and afflicted by a parasitic non-native trematode whose life cycle uses the exotic snail as a host.
Minnesota is known as “The Land of 10,000 Lakes” and officially there are 11,842 lakes more than 10 acres (40,000 m²) in size. The prevalence of lakes has generated many repeat names. For example, there are more than 200 Mud Lakes, 150 Long Lakes, and 120 Rice Lakes. Minnesota's waters flow outward in three directions: 1) north to Hudson Bay in Canada; 2) east to the Atlantic Ocean; and 3) south to the Gulf of Mexico. Wisconsin and Michigan both have waters that flow east to the Atlantic Ocean and south to the Gulf of Mexico. Wetlands acreage present in 1850: 18.6 million acres (7.5 million hectares). Wetlands acreage present in 2008: 10.6 million acres (4.3 million hectares). Massive ice sheets at least 1 kilometer...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2015,
Facts,
UpperMidwestRegion,
UpperMidwestStates
The Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) requires cold, clean rivers and streams. This species will move long distances to find cold water refugia and spawning habitat with upwelling groundwater, however, the species suffers from habitat degradation and watershed fragmentation. Land use changes have resulted in excessive erosion and increased water temperatures and the large number of dams and culverts in the region heavily fragment available habitat.
Two rare trout subspecies, the Apache Trout (Oncorhynchus apache) and Gila Trout (Oncorhynchus gilae), are endemic to high elevation areas of Arizona and New Mexico. They are particularly threatened by hybridization with non-native trout and devastating wildfires. Severe wildfires caused by land use changes and exotic plants result in sedimentation and ash deposition in the clear waters where they live.
The endangered Gila Chub (Gila intermedia) is found in springs and small streams of the upper Gila River basin mostly in southern Arizona but also in portions of Mexico. It prefers quiet, deep pools near cover, such as vegetation or boulders. The Gila Chub has been eliminated from 85 percent of its former range as a consequence of predation from introduced species and habitat loss resulting from water diversions, road crossings, livestock grazing, declining water quality, and groundwater pumping.
Chinook Salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) is the largest-sized salmon species in the world and Alaska is a stronghold of self-sustaining populations. Since 2007, Chinook Salmon populations have been returning in fewer numbers to many Alaskan rivers throughout the State. This may be a result of intense fishing, poor ocean survival, and habitat loss and degradation in developing parts of the State, but because declines are so widespread, it could be a marine-derived problem. Scientists are currently working to determine the specific cause.
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2015,
Alaska,
AlaskaRegion,
FishWithHabitatTrouble
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