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This study uses growth in vegetation during the monsoon season measured from LANDSAT imagery as a proxy for measured rainfall. NDVI values from 26 years of pre- and post-monsoon season Landsat imagery were derived across Yuma Proving Ground (YPG) in southwestern Arizona, USA. The LANDSAT imagery (1986-2011) was downloaded from USGS’s GlobeVis website (http://glovis.usgs.gov/). Change in NDVI was calculated within a set of 2,843 Riparian Area Polygons (RAPs) up to 1 km in length defined in ESRI ArcMap 10.2.
Concern about spread of non-native riparian trees in the western USA has led to Congressional proposals to accelerate control efforts. Debate over these proposals is frustrated by limited knowledge of non-native species distribution and abundance. We measured abundance of 44 riparian woody plants at 475 randomly selected stream gaging stations in 17 western states. Our sample indicates that Tamarix ramosissima and Elaeagnus angustifolia are already the third and fourth most frequently occurring woody riparian plants in the region. Although many species of Tamarix have been reported in the region, T. ramosissima (here including T. chinensis and hybrids) is by far the most abundant. The frequency of occurrence of...
This study explores how the relationship between flow and riparian vegetation varies along a montane river. We mapped occurrence of woody riparian plant communities along 58 km of the San Miguel River in southwest- ern Colorado. We determined the recurrence interval of inundation for each plant community by combining step-back- water hydraulic modeling at 4 representative reaches with Log-Pearson analysis of 4 stream gaging stations. Finally, we mapped bottomland surficial geology and used a Geographic Information System to overlay the coverages of geology and vegetation. Plant communities were distinctly arrayed along the hydrologic gradient. The Salix exigua Nuttall (sand- bar willow) community occurred mostly...
Trees are bioindicators of global climate change and regional urbanization, but available monitoring tools are ineffective for fine-scale observation of many species. Using six accelerometers mounted on two urban ash trees (Fraxinus americana), we looked at high-frequency tree vibrations, or change in periodicity of tree sway as a proxy for mass changes, to infer seasonal patterns of flowering and foliage (phenophases). We compared accelerometer-estimated phenophases to those derived from digital repeat photography using Green Chromatic Coordinates (GCC) and visual observation of phenophases defined by the USA National Phenology Network (NPN). We also drew comparisons between two commercial accelerometers and assessed...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation
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This data release consists of the following components: Sex ratio data from cottonwood trees at random points on the floodplain in the North and South units of Theodore Roosevelt National Park, ND. These data were used to investigate the effects of age, height above, and distance from the channel on mortality of male and female trees of plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera) as described in the Friedman and Griffin (2017) report. Tree core and tree ring data from the North and South Units of Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota. South Unit data was collected in April 2012, North Unit data was collected in the summer and fall of 2010. The trees are located on the floodplain of the Little...
The geomorphic effectiveness of extreme floods increases with aridity and decreasing watershed size. Therefore, in small dry watersheds extreme floods should control the age structure and spatial distribution of populations of disturbance-dependent riparian trees. We examined the influence of extreme floods on the bottomland morphology and forest of ephemeral streams in a semiarid region. Along six stream reaches on the Colorado Piedmont we examined channel changes by analyzing a rectified sequence of aerial photographs spanning 56 yr, and we investigated the spatial distribution of different-aged patches of forest by aging 189 randomly sampled cottonwood trees. Channel change in these ephemeral sand-bed streams...
Abstract (from http://hol.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/04/21/0959683615580181.abstract): Old, multi-aged populations of riparian trees provide an opportunity to improve reconstructions of streamflow. Here, ring widths of 394 plains cottonwood ( Populus deltoides, ssp. monilifera) trees in the North Unit of Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota, are used to reconstruct streamflow along the Little Missouri River (LMR), North Dakota, US. Different versions of the cottonwood chronology are developed by (1) age-curve standardization (ACS), using age-stratified samples and a single estimated curve of ring width against estimated ring age, and (2) time-curve standardization (TCS), using a subset of longer ring-width...
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One of the biggest challenges facing resource managers today is not knowing exactly when, where, and how climate change effects will unfold. While models can be used to predict the types of impacts that climate change might have on a landscape, uncertainty remains surrounding factors such as how quickly changes will occur and how specific resources will respond. In order to plan for this uncertain future, managers have begun to use a tool known as scenario planning. In this approach, a subset of global climate model projections are selected that represent a range of plausible future climate scenarios for a particular area. Through a series of facilitated workshops, managers can then explore different management...
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This metadata references a comma-delimited file describing 492 digitized prints of large-format photographs from 160 viewpoints. The photographic images themselves are referenced in a separate metadata file entitled "Photographs Showing Change in Riparian Vegetation in the Grand Canyon, 1889-2012". The viewpoints were first photographed by Stanton in 1889-1890, and then re-photographed in about 1989-1992 and 2010-2012. This set of photos focuses on change in riparian vegetation and partially overlaps a larger set of Stanton viewpoints re-photographed by Webb and others and available at http://wwwpaztcn.wr.usgs.gov/fscc/stanton-repeat-photography/index.php. The file of descriptive information gives viewpoint stake...
The exotic shrub Tamarix ramosissima (saltcedar) has replaced the native Populus fremontii (cottonwood) along many streams in southwestern United States. We used a controlled outdoor experiment to examine the influence of river salinity on germination and first-year survival of P. fremontii var. wislizenii (Rio Grande cottonwood) and T. ramosissima on freshly deposited alluvial bars. We grew both species from seed in planters of sand subjected to a declining water table and solutions containing 0, 1, 3, and 5 times the concentrations of major ions in the Rio Grande at San Marcial, NM (1.2, 10.0, 25.7, and 37.4 meq l super(-1); 0.11, 0.97, 2.37, and 3.45 dS m super(-1)). Germination of P. fremontii declined by 35%...
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To investigate the evolution of clinal variation in an invasive plant, we compared cold hardiness in the introduced saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima, Tamarix chinensis, and hybrids) and the native plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera). In a shadehouse in Colorado (41°N), we grew plants collected along a latitudinal gradient in the central United States (29–48°N). On 17 occasions between September 2005 and June 2006, we determined killing temperatures using freeze-induced electrolyte leakage and direct observation. In midwinter, cottonwood survived cooling to −70°C, while saltcedar was killed at −33 to −47°C. Frost sensitivity, therefore, may limit northward expansion of saltcedar in North...
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In semi-arid regions, riparian and wetland ecosystems function as important migratory and breeding habitats and add significantly to local and regional biodiversity; however, these ecosystems are increasingly threatened by climate change and the potential synergistic effects of increasing demand for water and invasion by exotic species. As a continuation of our inaugural USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC) project, this study examined the effects of climate and land use change on bird populations and their riparian and wetland habitats in the western US. Scientists at the USGS, academic institutions, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) examined the linkages between climate, hydrology,...
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A study of arroyo evolution in northern New Mexico (Friedman and others, 2015) assessed geomorphic change in the Chaco Wash arroyo from the 1930s to 2000. As part of this study, in October 2000 a trench was excavated across the arroyo bottom and a high-precision (Real-time kinematic) GPS survey was conducted. GPS survey data were used to georeference a 1930s topographic map and to identify key geomorphic features, including the tops of the arroyo walls and the channel thalweg. Linear features were mapped in a GIS for use in extracting channel thalweg profiles, an arroyo cross section, and arroyo widths (1930s and 2000) as a function of distance down-valley. These features have been converted to shapefiles included...
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The viewpoints were first photographed by Stanton in 1889, and then re-photographed in about 1991, 2010 and sometimes other years. This set of photos focuses on change in riparian vegetation and partially overlaps a larger set of Stanton viewpoints re-photographed by Webb and others and available at http://wwwpaztcn.wr.usgs.gov/fscc/stanton-repeat-photography/index.php. The file of descriptive information gives viewpoint stake number, name, and river mile, and documents occurrence of the exotic shrub Tamarix ramosissima, changes in cover of native and invasive woody riparian vegetation, occurrence of Diorhabda spp., the beetle introduced to control Tamarix, reductions in cover of native Prosopis glandulosa, changes...
Highlights Multiple fingerprints built using four-part conservativeness tests and random forest. Floodplain sediment on which extensive cottonwood groves established dates to 1912. The source for ∼85% of this sediment are tributaries that were eroding at that time. Random forest can improve tracer selection in fingerprinting approaches. Findings underscore the major role of tributaries in the dynamics of large rivers. Abstract Sediment deposition on floodplains is essential for the development and maintenance of riparian ecosystems. Upstream erosion is known to influence downstream floodplain construction, but linking these disparate processes is challenging, especially over large spatial and temporal scales....
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation
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The data archive contains the aerial photographs and channel delineations used in our analysis. The images have been geo-referenced to the 1995 digital orthophoto quarter quadrangles as described by Miller and Friedman (2009). The separate images for each year can be viewed as a composite along with that year’s channel delineation using a geographic information system (GIS). The 2003 IKONOS satellite imagery is proprietary and, therefore, cannot be served here. The channel delineations for all photo years (including 2003) and the delineation of the outer flood-plain boundary are stored as shapefiles. These shapefiles can be manipulated using GIS applications to reproduce the spatial analyses reported in Miller and...
We worked with managers in two focal areas to plan for the uncertain future by integrating quantitative climate change scenarios and simulation modeling into scenario planning exercises. In our central North Dakota focal area, centered on Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site, managers are concerned about how changes in flood severity and growing conditions for native and invasive plants may affect archaeological resources and cultural landscapes associated with the Knife and Missouri Rivers. Climate projections and hydrological modeling based on those projections indicate plausible changes in spring and summer soil moisture ranging from a 7 percent decrease to a 13 percent increase and maximum winter...
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The dataset includes 492 digitized prints of large-format photographs from 160 viewpoints. A separate metadata file "Photographs Showing Change in Riparian Vegetation in the Grand Canyon, 1889-2012" describes a comma-delimited file of descriptive information. The viewpoints were first photographed by Stanton in 1889, and then re-photographed in about 1991, 2010 and sometimes other years. This set of photos focuses on change in riparian vegetation and partially overlaps a larger set of Stanton viewpoints re-photographed by Webb and others and available at http://wwwpaztcn.wr.usgs.gov/fscc/stanton-repeat-photography/index.php. The file of descriptive information gives viewpoint stake number, name, and river mile,...
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In 1990 the US Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center and National Park Service Water Resources Division established 133 permanent 1meter (m) X 2 m plots along the Gunnison River near Warner Point in Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park. A one-dimensional hydraulic model was calibrated to determine the inundation necessary to inundate each plot, and this can be combined with daily flow data to determine the inundation duration or percentage of time a plot is under water. Occurrence of all plant species in these plots was determined in late July of 1990, 1994, 2001, 2006 and 2013. This data set includes 3 csv files of plot data. One file gives characteristics of plots, including plot name, inundating...
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This dataset includes stable carbon isotope values, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose concentrations (expressed as percent of ash-free dry mass) for riparian cottonwood (Populus deltoides) tree rings growing on the Little Missouri River floodplain, Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota. Drought stress induces stomatal closure and the carbon isotope ratio of annual tree rings tends to be negatively correlated with water availability, especially in dry environments. However, lignin and hemicellulose can obscure annual trends in carbon isotope compositions as these wood components can differ in δ13C relative to pure cellulose. We measured δ13C of whole wood in annual tree rings from seven trees with oldest...
map background search result map search result map Latitudinal variation in cold hardiness in introduced Tamarix and native Populus Understanding the Links Between Climate, Ecosystem Processes, Wetland Management, and Bird Communities in the Prairie Pothole Region of the Northern Great Plains Model-Based Scenario Planning to Inform Climate Change Adaptation in the Northern Great Plains Shapefiles and Historical Aerial Photographs, Little Missouri River, 1939-2003 Mean of the Top Ten Percent of NDVI Values in the Yuma Proving Ground during Monsoon Season, 1986-2011 Photographs Showing Change in Riparian Vegetation in the Grand Canyon, 1889, 1991, 2010 and other years Catalogue of Photographs Showing Change in Riparian Vegetation in the Grand Canyon, 1889-2012 Photographs Showing Change in Riparian Vegetation in the Grand Canyon, 1889-2012 Chaco Canyon 1930s and 2000 geospatial data Cottonwood Management at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota Stable carbon isotope and wood component concentration data for riparian cottonwood tree rings, Little Missouri River, North Dakota Occurrence of plants in plots along the Gunnison River, Colorado, 1990-2017 Occurrence of plants in plots along the Gunnison River, Colorado, 1990-2017 Cottonwood Management at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota Mean of the Top Ten Percent of NDVI Values in the Yuma Proving Ground during Monsoon Season, 1986-2011 Photographs Showing Change in Riparian Vegetation in the Grand Canyon, 1889, 1991, 2010 and other years Catalogue of Photographs Showing Change in Riparian Vegetation in the Grand Canyon, 1889-2012 Photographs Showing Change in Riparian Vegetation in the Grand Canyon, 1889-2012 Model-Based Scenario Planning to Inform Climate Change Adaptation in the Northern Great Plains Shapefiles and Historical Aerial Photographs, Little Missouri River, 1939-2003 Understanding the Links Between Climate, Ecosystem Processes, Wetland Management, and Bird Communities in the Prairie Pothole Region of the Northern Great Plains Latitudinal variation in cold hardiness in introduced Tamarix and native Populus