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The Common Redpoll is an abundant finch of northern regions around the world. Redpolls occurthroughout Alaska, thriving in habitats ranging from boreal to tundra across a wide elevationgradient (Knox and Lowther 2000). This species nests in trees when available. In tundra habitats,they nest in willows (primarily along riparian areas) or on the ground (Knox and Lowther 2000,J. Liebezeit, unpublished data). While primarily a seed eater, in summer this species consumesarthropods to feed young (Knox and Lowther 2000). Common Redpolls winter as far north as theBrooks Range but will wander further south in irruptive years when seed-crop production fails(Knox and Lowther 2000). While their global population numbers in...
The Snow Bunting is one of the first birds to return to their Arctic breeding grounds, with malesarriving in early April. This species occurs throughout the circumpolar arctic and, as a cavitynester,will use human-made nest sites (e.g. barrels, buildings, pipelines) as readily as naturalones (rock cavities, under boulders, cliff faces; Lyon and Montgomerie 1995). Snow Buntingsconsume a wide variety of both plant (e.g. seeds, plant buds) and animal prey (invertebrates).Their wintering range is centered in the northern continental US and southern Canada although itextends north into the low arctic in some places (Lyon and Montgomerie 1995). Current globalpopulation estimate is 40 million (Rich et al. 2004).
The Brant is a small goose well known in Alaska for the tens of thousands of individuals thatmolt in the Teshekpuk Lake area of the coastal plain during the late summer. In ArcticAlaska, this species typically nests within 8 km of the coast although in the NationalPetroleum Reserve – Alaska (NPR-A) can nest up to 30 km inland (Reed et al. 1998, D.Ward, pers. comm.). Brant often nest in colonies near the upper edge of salt marshes alongsloping seacoasts or on estuarine deltas, although in areas where salt marshes are lesscommon, they will be more dispersed, nesting near small ponds and freshwater marshes (Reedet al. 1998). Brant subsist on a vegetarian diet and during breeding primarily focus on just afew species...
The Greater Scaup is the only diving duck in the genus Aythya that has a circumpolardistribution. In Alaska this species has its highest nesting densities in the Yukon-KuskokwimDelta but they also breed in Arctic Alaska throughout the Brooks Range, foothills and ArcticCoastal Plain. Its breeding habitat is typically characterized by relatively shallow (1–2 m) lakesand large ponds with low surrounding vegetation in extensive, largely treeless, wetlands (Kesselet al. 2002). Greater Scaup have an omnivorous diet but tend to focus on more protein-richanimal foods (mostly aquatic invertebrates) during the summer. This species winters primarily inmarine waters of both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts (Kessel et al. 2002)....
The Rock Ptarmigan is a common breeding bird in Arctic Alaska and, like the WillowPtarmigan, is one of the few birds that remain in the Arctic year-round. This species typicallybreeds in habitats that include a mix of rocky outcrops, graminoid meadows, and small patchesof Salix or Betula less than 1 m in height (Montgomerie and Holder 2008). Unlike the WillowPtarmigan, this species is less dependent on shrubs associated with riparian areas. In summer,Rock Ptarmigan consume a variety of foods including Dryas, Oxytropis, and Salix leaves,insects, Betula and Salix catkins, and berries (Montgomerie and Holder 2008). This specieswinters mainly within the breeding range but withdraws from the northernmost regions(Montgomerie...
This dataset was last updated 05/2016. This version was updated using DSLland Version 3.1. The update to DSLland Version 3.1 from Version 3.0 is the addition of a lakes and ponds classification. This dataset depicts the ecological integrity of locations (represented by 30 m grid cells) throughout New York State based on environmental conditions existing in approximately 2010. Ecological integrity is defined as the ability of an area (e.g., local site or landscape) to sustain important ecological functions over the long term. In particular, the functions include the long-term ability to support biodiversity and the ecosystem processes necessary to sustain biodiversity. The Index of Ecological Integrity (IEI) is...
Categories: Data;
Types: ArcGIS REST Map Service,
ArcGIS Service Definition,
Downloadable,
Map Service;
Tags: Data,
LCC Network Science Catalog,
NYS,
NYS,
New York State,
The White-crowned Sparrow is a common breeding bird from the Pacific Coast in the Lower 48to the northern extent of its range in Arctic Alaska (Chilton et al. 1995). The Gambel’ssubspecies, the breeder in Alaska, is most commonly associated with shrubby riparian habitatsthat run through both boreal and tundra environs. White-crowned Sparrows consume a widevariety of plant and animal prey and during the breeding season feed their young a strict diet ofinsect and other animal prey. Alaskan birds are short-distance migrants and winter in temperateNorth America (Chilton et al. 1995). Overall White-crowned Sparrow populations appear to bestable (Chilton et al. 1995).
The Red Phalarope commonly breeds on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska, but is moreabundant west of the Colville River primarily near the coast (Johnson et al. 2007). In Alaska, thisspecies almost exclusively nests in wet/moist polygonal or marshy tundra and are dependent onaquatic food sources for much of their diet (Tracy et al. 2002). Red Phalaropes are the mostpelagic of the three phalarope species and spend most of their winters in subtropical and tropicalseas near areas of nutrient upwelling (Tracy et al. 2002). Current population estimate of theNorth American population is 1.25 million with a suspected declining trend (Morrison et al.2006).
While we assessed the vulnerability of a number of different wildlife and plant species to climate change, none of those species exhibited high vulnerability to changes projected for the region and there was limited differentiation in vulnerability between the individual species. Given this shared level of vulnerability to climate change, we chose to focus our adaptation planning on grassland birds as they represent a large group with a diversity of habitat needs. These birds are obligate grassland wildlife species which have great potential to act as indicators for habitat quality since different species have distinct habitat structure needs. Participants in the adaptation planning workshop agreed that if the GP...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2010,
Animal Agriculture,
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT MODELS,
CO-01,
CO-02,
This layer was created from the Ecological Systems Map (ESM+, also called DSL Land) to highlight a number of habitat types specifically. We used the Summarize Zones function in ArcMap along with the Protected Areas Dataset and the ESM+ layer to identify the extent and protection status of all ecological systems (macrogroup level) across the 4 northeast states of NY, VT, NH, and ME. We also used information on potential habitats for Regional Species of Greatest Conservation Need (RSGCN) for these 4 states from a prior crosswalk of ESM+ macrogroups with Natureserve habitat types completed by Glennon and Curran (2013). The following habitat types were identified as (1) making up less than 10% of NYS (most are <...
Categories: Data;
Types: ArcGIS REST Map Service,
ArcGIS Service Definition,
Downloadable,
Map Service;
Tags: Data,
LCC Network Science Catalog,
NYS,
NYS,
New York,
The American Golden-plover is a conspicuous breeding bird in Arctic Alaska with slightlyhigher density in the Brooks Range foothills compared to the coastal plain (Johnson et al. 2007).In general, this species tends to nest in upland dry habitats, quite often near wetland areas(Johnson and Connors 1996). Like other plovers, American Golden-plovers search forinvertebrate prey visually and forage in a mix of wet to dry tundra during the breeding season.This species winters primarily in the southern portion of South America (Johnson and Connors1996). Current North American population estimate is 200,000 with a declining trend (Morrisonet al. 2006).
he Smith’s Longspur is a relatively understudied passerine breeder on the North Slope ofAlaska. In this region, they are most commonly associated with the Brooks Range foothillswhere they are found in broad valleys and low passes (S. Kendall, pers. comm.). Smith’sLongspurs are known for their polygynandrous mating system which is unusual in passerines. Inarctic Alaska, this species nests on open tundra, from upland hummocky terrain (Briskie 2009) towet meadow habitats (Johnson and Herter 1989). During the breeding season they forage on avariety of invertebrates but also consume seeds and other vegetation (Briskie 2009). Smith’sLongspurs are short-distance migrants and winter in the U.S. Midwest. Current populationestimate...
The Long-tailed Duck is one of the most common sea ducks in Arctic Alaska, and has acircumpolar distribution. They are known for their ability to dive to impressive depths (> 60 m)in search of food (Robertson and Savard 2002). In Arctic Alaska, this species typically nests inwet tundra near shallow Carex or Arctophila-dominated ponds, and braided streams (Robertsonand Savard 2002). During the breeding season, their diet consists primarily of aquaticinvertebrates although they will also take vegetative matter (Robertson and Savard 2002). Duringpost-breeding molt, this species uses coastal lagoons and deep, open lakes (Robertson andSavard 2002). Long-tailed Ducks winter on both coasts of North America and on the Great...
The Glaucous Gull is a large gull with a circumpolar distribution. In Alaska, it is the mostcommon gull along Arctic Ocean coastal areas. Like other gulls, this generalist species hasbenefited from the presence of humans in the arctic and readily utilizes human-subsidized foodresources (e.g. edible garbage, roadkills; Day 1998). Glaucous Gulls take advantage of a widevariety of natural prey as well and are a noted nest predator. Alaskan populations of this specieswinter in the Pribilof and Aleutian islands of Alaska and in decreasing numbers down to coastalOregon and California (Denlinger 2006). The global population is estimated at 340,000-2,400,000 (Wetlands International 2006).
Riparian areas and floodplain forests are critical to wildlife and used by large numbers of species not only for habitat but as important corridors for dispersal and migration. We created a raster from the ESM+ layer that identified lotic habitats and the adjacent areas up to 100m from them in order to denote riparian features on the landscape that may be worthy of protection. We selected a 100m distance as a buffer distance which, if protected, would enhance conservation of riparian habitats and is consistent with prior recommendations we have made about protection of these features (WCS 2010, 2013).
Categories: Data;
Types: ArcGIS REST Map Service,
ArcGIS Service Definition,
Downloadable,
Map Service;
Tags: Data,
Ecological Systems,
Ecological Systems,
Floodplains,
Floodplains,
The Northern Pintail is the most common breeding dabbling duck in Arctic Alaska, with its corebreeding area centered on the coastal plain. In Alaska this species nests on wet sedge (Carex) orgrass meadows, sloughs, river banks, pond shores and in tidal habitats (Austin and Miller 1995).During the breeding season pintails consume mostly animal foods (aquatic invertebrates)although they switch to a largely vegetarian diet later in summer and fall (Austin and Miller1995). Northern Pintails spend their winters primarily in the southern US and Mexico (Austinand Miller 1995). The North American pintail population is down from 6 million in the early1970s to 2.6 million in 2005 (http://ak.audubon.org/species/norpin). However,...
The Baird’s Sandpiper is an uncommon breeding bird in Arctic Alaska using both coastal andmontane regions. This species typically nests in upland, well-drained, exposed tundra, generallyavoiding wet tundra although will sometimes nest in wet prairie meadows near lakes (Marconi &Salvadori 2008). Like other sandpipers, Baird’s Sandpipers feed almost entirely on insects duringthe breeding season adjusting to seasonal shifts in primary prey items (Moskoff andMontgomerie 2002). This species is a long-distance migrant and winters throughout the southerncone of South America. Current population estimate is 300,000 (Morrison et al. 2006).
The Pomarine Jaeger, the largest of the three jaegers, prowls the arctic tundra subsisting on a dietcomposed almost entirely of brown lemmings (Lemmus trimucronatus). This species presumablynests only in years when lemmings are abundant (Wiley and Lee 2000). Their breeding range inAlaska is relatively close to the coast, typically nesting in wet tundra habitats, the same habitatsas those utilized by their favorite prey. Pomarine Jaegers may forgo breeding in low lemmingyears and prematurely return to their tropical and sub-tropical pelagic wintering grounds (Wileyand Lee 2000). Current global population estimate is 250,000 – 3 million individuals (BirdLifeInternational 2012).
The Parasitic Jaeger, unlike the two other jaegers (the Long-tailed and Pomarine Jaegers), has avaried diet and is not closely tied to lemmings as a food source (Wiley and Lee 1999). Thisspecies utilizes both low-lying marshy tundra and drier tussock-heath tundra for nesting sites(Wiley and Lee 1999). Parastic Jaegers often hunt for fledgling and adult birds and are believedto be an important nest predator (Wiley and Lee 1999). Like the other jaeger species, ParasiticJaegers winter in offshore tropical and sub-tropical oceans. The current global populationestimate is 500,000 - 10,000,000 (BirdLife International 2012). There is no Alaska populationestimate available.
The Rough-legged Hawk is truly a hawk of the far north, with its breeding range largelyrestricted to arctic tundra and taiga habitats. In open tundra, this species typically places nests onsteep outcroppings and cliff faces. Rough-legged Hawks rely on a diet of small mammals(mostly lemmings, voles) although a variety of birds are also eaten (Bechard and Swem 2002).On the coastal plain of Alaska they typically forage in open tundra and low-brush habitats (e.g.river floodplains) (Bechard and Swem 2002). Rough-legged Hawks spend their winters insouthern Canada and throughout the lower 48 (Bechard and Swem 2002). The current globalpopulation is estimated at > 4 million (Rich et al. 2004).
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