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Despite its successes, the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) has proven challenging to implement due to funding limitations, workload backlog, and other problems. As threats to species survival intensify and as more species come under threat, the need for the ESA and similar conservation laws and policies in other countries to function efficiently has grown. Attempts by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to streamline ESA decisions include multispecies recovery plans and habitat conservation plans. We address species status assessment (SSA), a USFWS process to inform ESA decisions from listing to recovery, within the context of multispecies and ecosystem planning. Although existing SSAs have a single-species...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation
This website provides an application for exploring modeling results from a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) project titled Mapping Climate Change Resistant Vernal Pools in the Northeastern U.S. The purpose of this project was to improve understanding of the factors that control inundation patterns in vernal pools of the northeastern United States, so as to identify pools that might function as hydrologic refugia under climate change.
Grasslands are important to the biodiversity of the southeastern United States and face a range of threats. Owing to decades of fire suppression, land-use change, and other human activities, total reduction of southeastern grasslands is estimated at 90%, upwards to 100% for some grassland types. Emerging threats to grasslands include climate change and invasive species. In response to these threats, grassland managers and researchers from across the Southeast, led by the Southeastern Grasslands Initiative and the U.S. Geological Survey, organized a multi-stakeholder workshop in January 2020 to provide a scientific needs assessment for grassland species and communities of conservation concern in the southeastern...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation
The DEM Geomorphology Toolbox enables users to derive geomorphic and hydrologic information from raster-based digital elevation models (DEMs). This toolbox contains the following tools: (1) Add Culverts, (2) Bank Slope, (3) Channel Depth, (4) Channel Slope, (5) Flow Network, (6) Rough Terrain, and (7) Slope-Area Index. Each tool includes detailed user instructions concerning data inputs, parameter settings, default settings, and output files. Please consult the DEM Geomorphology Toolbox Metadata and Instructional Guide for details.
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This data release includes data-processing scripts, data products, and associated metadata for a study to model the hydrology of several hundred vernal pools (i.e., seasonal pools or ephemeral wetlands) across the northeastern United States. More information on this study is available from the project website. This data release consists of several components: (1) an input dataset and associated metadata document ("pool_inundation_observations_and_climate_and_landscape_data"); (2) an annotated R script which processes the input dataset, performs inundation modeling, and generates model predictions ("annotated_R_script_for_pool_inundation_modeling.R"); and (3) a model prediction dataset and associated metadata document...
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The dataset provided here and described in this metadata document consists of several components: (1) pool-specific attributes including name and geographic location, (2) time-varying inundation observations collected between May 2004 and July 2016; (3) landscape attributes associated with pool locations including geologic, soil, and landcover characteristics; (4) short- and medium-term weather and climate variables for time periods (for example, 5-days and 6-months) immediately preceding the dates of inundation observations; and (5) long-term (30-year average) climate variables associated with pool locations.
As the Earth’s climate changed in the ancient past, many species moved across the landscape to track adequate environmental conditions. Some species took shelter in remaining pockets of suitable climates, referred to as refugia. For example, refugia harbored species when vast glaciers covered much of the land, allowing them to survive and migrate again across the landscape as temperatures warmed and ice melted. Modern changes in climate are similarly compelling species to move, and some of those species may seek shelter from increasingly hostile conditions in refugia. Modern climate refugia will likely take many different forms. For example, larger-scale macrorefugia may be areas of relative climate stability that...
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The dataset provided here and described in this metadata document contains predicted wetness probability (PWP) values for vernal pools under a variety of weather and climate conditions at several seasonal time points, generated using inundation models as described in the processing steps section of this metadata document and in the annotated R script included in this data release ("annotated_R_script_for_pool_inundation_modeling.R"). PWP values represent the predicted likelihood of a pool holding water according to a specified inundation threshold, as defined in this metadata document. PWP values can theoretically range from 0 (pool is predicted to have no chance of inundation) to 1 (pool is predicted to have 100...
Droughts and insect outbreaks are primary disturbance processes linking climate change to tree mortality in western North America. Refugia from these disturbances—locations where impacts are less severe relative to the surrounding landscape—may be priorities for conservation, restoration, and monitoring. In this study, hypotheses concerning physical and biological processes supporting refugia were investigated by modelling the landscape controls on disturbance refugia that were identified using remotely sensed vegetation indicators. Refugia were identified at 30-m resolution using anomalies of Landsat-derived Normalized Difference Moisture Index in lodgepole and whitebark pine forests in southern Oregon, USA, in...
Climate change is anticipated to increase the frequency and intensity of droughts, with major impacts to ecosystems globally. Broad-scale assessments of vegetation responses to drought are needed to anticipate, manage, and potentially mitigate climate-change effects on ecosystems. We quantified the drought sensitivity of vegetation in the Pacific Northwest, USA, as the percent reduction in vegetation greenness under droughts relative to baseline moisture conditions. At a regional scale, shrub-steppe ecosystems—with drier climates and lower biomass—showed greater drought sensitivity than conifer forests. However, variability in drought sensitivity was considerable within biomes and within ecosystems and was mediated...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation
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This item contains a data file (.csv) and associated metadata document (.xml) for the daily time-step hydrologic model for Sinking Pond from January 1, 1854 through September 30, 2019 under the original calibration and the recalibration, along with daily climate (temperature and precipitation) values and observed stage values used in the recalibration process. The data file ‘Daily_values_for_climate_stage_and_model_terms.csv’ is a required input to the R script in this data release as it provides the daily climate variables used to drive the model and the daily stage values used for calibration. Model terms are described briefly in the metadata document ‘Daily values for climate and stage observations, hydrologic...
Abstract (from U.S. Geological Survey): The unglaciated southeastern United States is a biodiversity hotspot, with a disproportionate amount of this biodiversity concentrated in grasslands. Like most hotspots, the Southeast is also threatened by human activities, with the total reduction of southeastern grasslands estimated as 90 percent (upwards to 100 percent for some types) and with many threats escalating today. This report summarizes the results of a multistakeholder workshop organized by the Southeastern Grasslands Initiative and the U.S. Geological Survey, held in January 2020 to provide a scientific needs assessment to help inform the Species Status Assessment (SSA) process under the U.S. Endangered Species...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation
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This item contains a data file (.csv) and associated metadata document (.xml) for the recalibration of the Sinking Pond hydrologic model. The hydrologic model was recalibrated using the R script ‘annotated_R_script_for_model_recalibration.R’ and the input dataset ‘Daily_values_for_climate_stage_and_model_terms.csv’ to produce recalibrated values for the four calibrated parameters in the model: KBR, KPR, KBG, and PG (see the ‘Entity and Attribute’ section of the metadata document ‘Model recalibration results including recalibrated parameters and model performance statistics.xml’ for parameter definitions; for additional information see table 9 in Wolfe and others, 2004). The data file ‘model_recalibration_results.csv’...
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This data release includes data-processing scripts, data products, and associated metadata for a remote-sensing based approach to characterize vegetation sensitivity to droughts from 2000 through 2016 in the U.S. states of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. Drought sensitivity analysis was conducted in minimally-disturbed (‘intact’) forest and shrub-steppe ecosystems, defined as 1-km pixels (i.e., grid cells) that had not experienced major recent insect mortality or fire. Drought conditions were assessed using the multi-scalar standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), for which positive values indicate wetter that average conditions and negative values indicate drier than average conditions for a given...
During droughts, localized areas of the landscape (drought refugia) retain surface water and soil moisture needed to sustain wildlife and vegetation. Remote sensing from satellite imagery offers powerful tools to identify refugia and study their responses to changing weather patterns over time. This talk will present two recent applications of remote-sensing analysis related to drought refugia research in southern Oregon. In one study, hydrologic resilience of springs was inferred using remote sensing of groundwater-dependent vegetation in a semi-arid sage steppe ecosystem. In another, refugia from drought and mountain pine beetle were identified in lodgepole pine and whitebark pine forest. Efforts are currently...
Abstract (from ESA): Natural springs in water‐limited landscapes are biodiversity hotspots and keystone ecosystems that have a disproportionate influence on surrounding landscapes despite their usually small size. Some springs served as evolutionary refugia during previous climate drying, supporting relict species in isolated habitats. Understanding whether springs will provide hydrologic refugia from future climate change is important to biodiversity conservation but is complicated by hydrologic variability among springs, data limitations, and multiple non‐climate threats to groundwater‐dependent ecosystems. We present a conceptual framework for categorizing springs as potentially stable, relative, or transient...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation
Abstract (from One Earth): Novel forms of drought are emerging globally, due to climate change, shifting teleconnection patterns, expanding human water use, and a history of human influence on the environment that increases the probability of transformational ecological impacts. These costly ecological impacts cascade to human communities, and understanding this changing drought landscape is one of today’s grand challenges. By using a modified horizon-scanning approach that integrated scientists, managers, and decision-makers, we identified the emerging issues in ecological drought that represent key challenges to timely and effective responses. Here we review the themes that most urgently need attention, including...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation
Abstract (from Applied Wetland Science): Wetland conservation increasingly must account for climate change and legacies of previous land-use practices. Playa wetlands provide critical wildlife habitat, but may be impacted by intensifying droughts and previous hydrologic modifications. To inform playa restoration planning, we asked: (1) what are the trends in playa inundation? (2) what are the factors influencing inundation? (3) how is playa inundation affected by increasingly severe drought? (4) do certain playas provide hydrologic refugia during droughts, and (5) if so, how are refugia patterns related to historical modifications? Using remotely sensed surface-water data, we evaluated a 30-year time series (1985–2015)...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation
This guidebook provides user-friendly overviews of a variety of spatial datasets relevant to conservation and management of natural resources in the face of climate change in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Each guidebook chapter was created using a standardized template to summarize a spatial dataset or a group of closely related datasets. In each chapter, basic spatial and temporal information is provided for the dataset, along with a conceptual overview, glossary of key terms, links to download data and supporting documentation, a brief methods summary describing how the dataset was created, guidelines for dataset interpretation, assessment of uncertainties along with evaluation of caveats and simplifying assumptions,...
map background search result map search result map Analysis of drought sensitivity in the Pacific Northwest (Washington, Oregon, and Idaho) from 2000 through 2016 Inundation observations and inundation model predictions for vernal pools of the northeastern United States Inundation observations, climate data, and landscape attributes for vernal pools of the northeastern United States Inundation predictions for vernal pools of the northeastern United States at various seasonal time points under various weather and climate scenarios Daily values for climate and stage observations, hydrologic model terms, and modeled pond stage Model recalibration results including recalibrated parameters and model performance statistics Daily values for climate and stage observations, hydrologic model terms, and modeled pond stage Model recalibration results including recalibrated parameters and model performance statistics Inundation observations and inundation model predictions for vernal pools of the northeastern United States Inundation observations, climate data, and landscape attributes for vernal pools of the northeastern United States Inundation predictions for vernal pools of the northeastern United States at various seasonal time points under various weather and climate scenarios Analysis of drought sensitivity in the Pacific Northwest (Washington, Oregon, and Idaho) from 2000 through 2016