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We have incorporated the Hawaiian language spellings of place names however, software limitations for metadata files did not allow for inclusion of the appropriate diacritical markings. Among important seabird breeding sites in the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI), Lehua Island off Niʻihau, and Moku Manu Islets off O'ahu support diverse and abundant seabird breeding populations. Both offshore islands provide excellent nesting habitat for surface nesting boobies (Sula spp.) and Moku Manu also supports nesting habitat for relatively large breeding populations of Sooty Tern (Onychoprion fuscatus) and Brown Noddy (Anous stolidus). Additionally, Ulupa'u Crater, near Moku Manu on O'ahu, is one of only a few main island sites...
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This data relase is a product of Atlas of Breeding Seabirds of the Main Hawaiian Islands Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge (KPNWR) is an important seabird breeding site located at the northeastern tip of Kauaʻi in the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI). Despite the regional significance of KPNWR as one of the most important breeding sites for Red-tailed Tropicbirds (Phaethon rubricauda), Red-footed Boobies (Sula sula), and Wedge-tailed Shearwaters (Ardenna pacifica) in MHI, robust and accurate population surveys have not been consistently conducted and recent information is lacking. In this study, we completed comprehensive population surveys for these three species during the 2019 breeding season. Using direct censusing...
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This database is a compilation of marine mammal and seabird information collected along the Pacific coast of the United States and U.S. territories in the Pacific from surveys that were solicited among regional research communities and persons. Information from standardized surveys was gathered from 2015 to 2018 and includes programs and researchers who collected information regarding seabirds since 1960. These data support the following publication: Adams, J., Lafferty, K.D., Kelsey, E.C., and Johnston, C.A. 2019. Synopsis of Research Programs that can Provide Baseline and Monitoring Information for Offshore Energy Activities in the Pacific Region: Seabird and Marine Mammal Surveys in the Pacific Region. U.S....
We used a stratified-random sampling approach to estimate the total abundance of Wedge-tailed Shearwater (Ardenna pacifica) nest sites across Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge (KPNWR), Kauaʻi, during 1-7 July 2019. We first identified strata as unique geographic areas of the refuge to account for potential differences in nesting habitat and non-uniform nest site clustering. We then sub-divided strata where we expected high, low, minimal, or no nest site abundance. These distinctions were based on knowledge of shearwater nesting distribution gained while performing extensive ground-searching for tropicbirds across the entire refuge in April and May 2019. We delineated strata boundaries using recent satellite...
During 13-18 May, 2019, we censused red-footed boobies (Sula sula) at Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge (KPNWR), Kauaʻi. To evaluate ground-based visual counts and assess variability among methods, we employed photographic techniques to count nesting red-footed boobies at KPNWR in three distinct sub-colony areas: Crater Hill East, Crater Hill Interior, and Crater Hill West (see associated data series report for delineation of sub-colony areas). For ground-based photos, we used a Sony a7rii camera (42 megapixel full-frame) equipped with a Sony 100-400mm F4.5-5.6G lens to allow sufficient resolution to count nests and birds. We achieved pixel resolutions (as a function of camera resolution, focal length, and...
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The U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center (USGS-WERC), with support from the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), is working with many partners to generate an Atlas of Breeding Seabirds of the Main Hawaiian Islands. This atlas will provide benchmarks to measure future changes in seabird population sizes and breeding distribution throughout Hawai‘i and will also assist efforts to evaluate threats to Hawaiian seabirds both on land and at sea. Ultimately, species- and colony-specific data for main Hawaiian Island seabirds on land and at sea will inform evaluations of potential risk and options for mitigation strategies for effects of offshore energy infrastructure on seabirds. This ScienceBase...
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Predation and habitat degradation by non-native species are principal terrestrial threats to the federally endangered Hawaiian Petrel (ʻuaʻu, Pterodroma sandwichensis) and Hawaiian Goose (nēnē, Branta sandvicensis) within Haleakalā National Park (HALE), Maui, Hawaiʻi. Since 1981, HALE has maintained a network of live-traps to control invasive mammalian predators and protect these endangered birds. To continue evaluations of trapping efficiency in HALE, we analyzed 2000 - 2014 trap events. Trap events were divided up into six event types classified into three event categories: no event, other event [bait lost, or trap triggered], or predator event [rat, cat, or mongoose caught]. Event type analysis was divided up...
During 8-11 April, 13-18 May, and 1-7 July 2019, we censused Red-tailed Tropicbird (Phaethon rubricauda) and White-tailed Tropicbird (P. lepturus) nests in Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge (KPNWR), Kauaʻi, by searching all foot-accessible areas and by searching all cliffs and islets with spotting scopes from remote vantage points. We censused over the course of three visits to account for prolonged and asynchronous nesting. For ground searching, we used previous nest census results, recommendations from the previous Refuge biologist, and knowledge of tropicbird nesting habitat, to focus searches in areas where nesting was likely: along cliff edges and steep slopes, particularly at the base of ironwood trees...
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This data release is a product of Atlas of Breeding Seabirds of the Main Hawaiian Islands. Specific results and details about methods and additional information useful for interpreting these data can be found in the data report: Adams, J., Kelsey, E.C., Stenske, J., and Felis, J.J., 2022, Aerial counts for surface-nesting seabirds at Lehua Island and Moku Manu Islet and Ulupaʻu Crater, Oʻahu, in 2019: Data Report 1161, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1161. We have incorporated the Hawaiian language spellings of place names however, software limitations for metadata files did not allow for inclusion of the appropriate diacritical markings. Among important seabird breeding sites in the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI),...
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We have incorporated the Hawaiian language spellings of place names however, software limitations for metadata files did not allow for inclusion of the appropriate diacritical markings. We took oblique aerial photographs of Lehua during the late morning of 13 May from a H-65 Dolphin helicopter with the door open to provide the best viewing conditions. During the late morning on 16 May 2019, we worked with U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary on-board a Piper Saratoga fixed-wing aircraft (single-engine, low-wing) to photograph the Red-footed Booby colony in Ulupa'u Crater and the entire surface of Moku Manu taken through a tinted, rear Plexiglas window. We used a Canon 5DSr camera (51-megapixel full frame) equipped with a...
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Herein we provide a comprehensive database of storm-petrel (Hydrobates spp.) morphometrics, banding, and associated mist-netting data collected within Channel Islands National Park (CHIS) from 1994 to 2018. The most abundant storm-petrel species in CHIS, the ashy storm-petrel (Hydrobates homochroa; ASSP), was the focal species in most mist-netting efforts, but data also were recorded for Leach’s (H. leucorhoa; Adams et al. 2016) and black (H. melania) storm-petrel. Collecting and compiling recent and historic mist-net datasets into one database has facilitated summary analyses of important components of these data including species morphometrics, recapture rates, and incubation patch condition (a potential indicator...
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Two metrics were used to determine Collision Vulnerability: Macro-avoidance and habitat flexibility. Macro-avoidance (MA)—The macro-avoidance values for species indicate the species-specific probability of avoidance for birds associated with wind power infrastructure. For each species, we derived this value from observed macro-avoidance rates (via human observation and radar) at existing offshore wind power sites. In cases where species-specific data were not available, we used information from similar taxa. Habitat Flexibility (HF)—the degree to which a species shows habitat-specific feeding strategies (habitat flexibility) influences its vulnerability for displacement by offshore infrastructure. We evaluated literature...
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Six metrics were used to determine Population Vulnerability: global population size, annual occurrence in the California Current System (CCS), percent of the population present in the CCS, threat status, breeding score, and annual adult survival. Global Population size (POP)—to determine population size estimates for each species we gathered information tabulated by American Bird Conservancy, Birdlife International, and other primary sources. Proportion of Population in CCS (CCSpop)—for each species, we generated the population size within the CCS by averaging region-wide population estimates, or by combining state estimates for California, Oregon, and Washington for each species (if estimates were not available...
During 8-11 April, 13-18 May, and 1-7 July 2019, we censused Red-tailed (Phaethon rubricauda) and White-tailed (P. lepturus) tropicbird nests in Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge (KPNWR), Kauaʻi, by searching all foot-accessible areas and by searching all cliffs and islets with spotting scopes from remote vantage points. We censused over the course of three visits to account for prolonged and asynchronous nesting. For ground searching, we used previous nest census results, recommendations from the previous Refuge biologist, and our knowledge of tropicbird nesting habitat, to focus searches in areas where nesting was likely: along cliff edges and steep slopes, particularly at the base of ironwood trees (Casuarina...
We used a stratified-random sampling approach to estimate the total abundance of Wedge-tailed Shearwater (Ardenna pacifica) nest sites across Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge (KPNWR), Kauaʻi, in 2019. To estimate stratum-specific nest site abundance, we generated randomly located, non-overlapping circular plots within several sampling strata. We set plot radius to 5 m in most strata, except for some portions of Kīlauea Point where a 3-m radius was used to accommodate narrow strips of habitat. We generated enough plots to survey 10 percent of total stratum area where we expected high nest site abundance, and 5 percent of stratum area where expected nest site abundance was low or minimal. This data table contains...
During 13-18 May, 2019, we censused Red-footed Boobies (Sula sula) at Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge (KPNWR), Kauaʻi. To evaluate ground-based visual counts and assess variability among methods, we employed photographic techniques to count nesting Red-footed Boobies at KPNWR in three distinct sub-colony areas: Crater Hill East, Crater Hill Interior, and Crater Hill West (see associated data series report for delineation of sub-colony areas). For ground-based photos, we used a Sony a7rii camera (42 megapixel full-frame) equipped with a Sony 100-400 mm F4.5-5.6G lens to allow sufficient resolution to count nests and birds. We achieved pixel resolutions (as a function of camera resolution, focal length, and...
    map background search result map search result map Displacement vulnerability of marine birds within the California Current System Population vulnerability of marine birds within the California Current System Database of Marine Mammal and Seabird Research Activity in the Pacific (US) Trap records used to analyze trends in mammalian predator control trapping events intended to protect ground-nesting, endangered birds at Haleakalā National Park, Hawai'i (2000 - 2014) Atlas of Breeding Seabirds of the Main Hawaiian Islands Population Estimates for Selected Breeding Seabirds at Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Kauaʻi, in 2019 1. Photograph index, camera settings, and locational information for images used to count Red-footed Boobies (Sula sula) nesting at Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Kauaʻi, in 2019 2. Photographs and count results for Red-footed Boobies (Sula sula) nesting at Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Kauaʻi, in 2019 3. Nest sites and habitat characteristics for Red-tailed Tropicbirds (Phaethon rubricauda) and White-tailed Tropicbirds (P. lepturus) at Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Kauaʻi, in 2019 4. GPS tracks of ground search effort for nesting Red-tailed Tropicbird (Phaethon rubricauda) and White-tailed Tropicbird (P. lepturus) surveys at Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Kauaʻi, in 2019 6. Strata boundaries for nesting Wedge-tailed Shearwater (Ardenna pacifica) surveys at Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Kauaʻi, in 2019 5. Survey plot locations, nest counts, and habitat characteristics for Wedge-tailed Shearwaters (Ardenna pacifica) at Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Kauaʻi, in 2019 Catch-Per-Unit-Effort (CPUE), Banding, and Morphometric Data Collected During Nocturnal Mist-Netting Sessions to Evaluate Trends and Variability Among Storm-Petrels of the California Channel Islands (1994-2018) Digital Imagery Used for Aerial Counts for Surface-Nesting Seabirds at Lehua Island and Moku Manu Islet and Ulupa'u Crater, O'ahu in 2019 1. Photograph Index, Camera Settings, and Locational Information for Images of Surface-Nesting Seabirds at Lehua Island and Moku Manu Islet and Ulupa'u Crater, O'ahu in 2019 2. Digital Images to Support Aerial Counts for Surface-Nesting Seabirds at Lehua Island and Moku Manu Islet and Ulupa'u Crater, O'ahu in 2019 4. GPS tracks of ground search effort for nesting Red-tailed Tropicbird (Phaethon rubricauda) and White-tailed Tropicbird (P. lepturus) surveys at Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Kauaʻi, in 2019 3. Nest sites and habitat characteristics for Red-tailed Tropicbirds (Phaethon rubricauda) and White-tailed Tropicbirds (P. lepturus) at Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Kauaʻi, in 2019 6. Strata boundaries for nesting Wedge-tailed Shearwater (Ardenna pacifica) surveys at Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Kauaʻi, in 2019 Population Estimates for Selected Breeding Seabirds at Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Kauaʻi, in 2019 1. Photograph index, camera settings, and locational information for images used to count Red-footed Boobies (Sula sula) nesting at Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Kauaʻi, in 2019 2. Photographs and count results for Red-footed Boobies (Sula sula) nesting at Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Kauaʻi, in 2019 5. Survey plot locations, nest counts, and habitat characteristics for Wedge-tailed Shearwaters (Ardenna pacifica) at Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Kauaʻi, in 2019 Trap records used to analyze trends in mammalian predator control trapping events intended to protect ground-nesting, endangered birds at Haleakalā National Park, Hawai'i (2000 - 2014) Catch-Per-Unit-Effort (CPUE), Banding, and Morphometric Data Collected During Nocturnal Mist-Netting Sessions to Evaluate Trends and Variability Among Storm-Petrels of the California Channel Islands (1994-2018) Atlas of Breeding Seabirds of the Main Hawaiian Islands Displacement vulnerability of marine birds within the California Current System Population vulnerability of marine birds within the California Current System Database of Marine Mammal and Seabird Research Activity in the Pacific (US)