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This data set includes results for hormone and pharmaceutical compounds analyzed in environmental and quality-control samples collected by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Project during 2013 through 2015 for a study of groundwater resources used for drinking-water supply across the United States. Hormone and pharmaceutical results are provided for environmental samples collected at 1,120 wells or springs; selected ancillary data, such as principal aquifer, well depth, and land-use information also are provided for the sampled sites. The types of quality-control samples included in this data set are blanks, matrix spikes, and replicates collected at field sites or field offices. Included in this data...
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Groundwater quality data were collected in 5,000 wells between 1988-2001 by the National Water-Quality Assessment Project. About 1,500 of these wells were sampled again between 2002-2012 to evaluate decadal changes in groundwater quality. Monitoring wells, domestic supply wells, and some public supply wells were included in this study. All water was collected prior to treatment. Groundwater samples used to evaluate decadal change were collected from networks of wells with similar characteristics. Some networks, consisting of domestic or public supply wells, were used to assess changes in the quality of groundwater used for drinking water supply. Other networks, consisting of monitoring wells, assessed changes in...
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Groundwater-quality data were collected from 502 wells as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Project of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Project and are included in this data release. Most of the wells (500) were sampled from January through December 2015 and 2 of them were sampled in 2013. The data were collected from five types of well networks: principal aquifer study networks, which are used to assess the quality of groundwater used for public water supply; land-use study networks, which are used to assess land-use effects on shallow groundwater quality; major aquifer study networks, which are used to assess the quality of groundwater used for domestic supply; enhanced trends networks,...
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Galvanic corrosion of lead in water distribution systems can occur when lead pipe or lead solder is in contact with a dissimilar metal such as copper. If the source water entering those systems has a relatively elevated chloride-to-sulfate mass ratio (CSMR), the potential for galvanic corrosion to occur is elevated (Gregory 1985; Edwards and Triantafyllidou, 2007), especially in water with low values of alkalinity (Nguyen and others, 2011). Values of CSMR were computed for untreated groundwater samples from 26,631 locations in the United States. Three levels, identified by Nguyen and others (2011), were used to classify CSMR values relative to their potential for promoting galvanic corrosion of lead. The three-level...
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This dataset provides the estimated number of people using publicly supplied groundwater (PSg) or publicly supplied surface water (PSs) for each county in the conterminous U.S. The county boundaries, the PSg, and the PSs represent the year 2010
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In this dataset we present two maps that estimate the location and population served by domestic wells in the contiguous United States. The first methodology, called the “Block Group Method” or BGM, builds upon the original block-group data from the 1990 census (the last time the U.S. Census queried the population regarding their source of water) by incorporating higher resolution census block data. The second methodology, called the “Road-Enhanced Method” or REM, refines the locations by using a buffer expansion and shrinkage technique along roadways to define areas where domestic wells exist. The fundamental assumption with this method is that houses (and therefore domestic wells) are located near a named road....
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A boosted regression tree (BRT) model was developed to predict pH conditions in three-dimensions throughout the glacial aquifer system (GLAC) of the contiguous United States using pH measurements in samples from 18,258 wells and predictor variables that represent aspects of the hydrogeologic setting. Model results indicate that the carbonate content of soils and aquifer materials strongly controls pH and when coupled with long flow paths, results in the most alkaline conditions. Conversely, in areas where glacial sediments are thin and carbonate-poor, pH conditions remain acidic. At depths typical of drinking-water supplies, predicted pH > 7.5 – which is associated with arsenic mobilization – occurs more frequently...
Groundwater-quality data were collected from 748 wells as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Project of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Program from May 2012 through December 2013. The data were collected from four types of well networks: principal aquifer study networks, which assess the quality of groundwater used for public water supply; land-use study networks, which assess land-use effects on shallow groundwater quality; major aquifer study networks, which assess the quality of groundwater used for domestic supply; and enhanced trends networks, which evaluate the time scales during which groundwater quality changes. Groundwater samples were analyzed for a large number of water-quality...
Groundwater-quality data were collected from 648 wells as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Project of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Program and are included in this report. Most of the wells (514) were sampled from January through December 2016 and 60 of them were sampled in 2013 and 74 in 2014. The data were collected from seven types of well networks: principal aquifer study networks, which are used to assess the quality of groundwater used for public water supply; land-use study networks, which are used to assess land-use effects on shallow groundwater quality; major aquifer study networks, which are used to assess the quality of groundwater used for domestic supply; enhanced...
The population using public supply drinking water was mapped in two ways: the census enhanced method (CEM) evenly distributes the population across the census block-group, and the urban land-use enhanced method (ULUEM) distributes the population only to certain urban land use designations in order to more precisely locate public supply users. This dataset consists of the estimated population using public supply surface water distributed across block-groups.
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The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Use Program is responsible for compiling and disseminating the Nation's water-use data. Working in cooperation with local, State, and Federal agencies, the USGS has published an estimate of water use in the United States every 5 years, beginning in 1950. These 5-year compilations contain water-use estimates that are aggregated to the county level in the United States. This USGS data release contains summaries of method codes used in the 2015 national compilation of public supply, self-supplied domestic, thermoelectric, and irrigation water-use data. This data release also contains the county-level water-use estimates that support the evaluations in Luukkonen and others...
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Lithium concentrations in untreated groundwater from 1,464 public-supply wells, 1,676 domestic-supply wells, and 1,560 monitoring wells distributed across 33 principal aquifers in the United States were evaluated for spatial variations and possible explanatory factors. For context, lithium concentrations are compared to a drinking-water only threshold (60 micrograms per liter) and a Health-Based Screening Level (HBSL, 10 micrograms per liter). These thresholds were exceeded in 9% and 45% of samples from public-supply wells and in 6% and 37% from domestic-supply wells, respectively. Exceedances were most frequent for arid regions and older groundwater. Groundwater lithium concentrations were highest in unconsolidated...
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Categorical classification of groundwater age based on concentrations of tritium (3H) in groundwater can provide useful information for the assessment and understanding of groundwater resources. These data present a three-part groundwater age classification system for the continental United States based on tritium thresholds that vary in space and time: modern (recharged after 1952), if the measured value is larger than an upper threshold; premodern (recharged prior to 1953) if the measured value is smaller than a lower threshold; or mixed if the measured value is between the two thresholds. Inclusion of spatially-varying that vary geographically on the basis of the location of the sample rather than a single threshold...
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The 1990 census was the last nationally consistent survey of a home’s source of water, and has not been surveyed since. The associated larger work presents a method for projecting the population dependent on domestic wells for years after 1990, using information from the 1990 census along with population data from subsequent censuses. The method is based on the “domestic ratio” at the census block-group level, defined here as the number of households dependent on domestic wells divided by the total population. Analysis of 1990 data (>220,000 block-groups) indicates that the domestic ratio is a function of the household density. As household density increases, the domestic ratio decreases, once a household density...
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Groundwater-quality data were collected from 559 wells as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Project of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Program from January through December 2014. The data were collected from four types of well networks: principal aquifer study networks, which assess the quality of groundwater used for public water supply; land-use study networks, which assess land-use effects on shallow groundwater quality; major aquifer study networks, which assess the quality of groundwater used for domestic supply; and enhanced trends networks, which evaluate the time scales during which groundwater quality changes. Groundwater samples were analyzed for a large number of water-quality...
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Ensemble-tree machine learning (ML) regression models can be prone to systematic bias: small values are overestimated and large values are underestimated. Additional bias can be introduced if the dependent variable is a transform of the original data. Six methods were evaluated for their ability to correct systematic and introduced bias: (1) empirical distribution matching (EDM); (2) regression of observed on estimated values (ROE); (3) linear transfer function (LTF); (4) linear equation based on Z-score transform (ZZ); (5) second machine learning model used to estimate residuals (ML2-RES); and (6) Duan smearing estimate applied after ROE is implemented (ROE-Duan). The performance of the methods was evaluated using...
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The 1990 census was the last nationally consistent survey of a home’s source of water, and has not been surveyed since. The associated larger work presents a method for projecting the population dependent on domestic wells for years after 1990, using information from the 1990 census along with population data from subsequent censuses. The method is based on the “domestic ratio” at the census block-group level, defined here as the number of households dependent on domestic wells divided by the total population. Analysis of 1990 data (>220,000 block-groups) indicates that the domestic ratio is a function of the household density. As household density increases, the domestic ratio decreases, once a household density...
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The population using public supply drinking water was mapped in two ways: the census enhanced method (CEM) evenly distributes the population across the census block-group, and the urban land-use enhanced method (ULUEM) distributes the population only to certain urban land use designations in order to more precisely locate public supply users. This dataset consists of the estimated population using public supply groundwater distributed across census block-groups.
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This data release includes grids representing the depth and thickness of drinking-water withdrawal zones, polygons of hydrogeologic settings, an inventory of sources of well construction data, and summaries of data comparisons used to assess the depth of groundwater used for drinking-water supplies in the United States. Well construction data sources are documented in Table1_DataSources.xlsx. Data comparisons using the Mann-Whitney test to assess similarity between hydrogeologic settings were used to justify combining data where they were sparse (compare_neighbors_all_domestic.txt and compare_neighbors_all_public.txt). Water-supply-well depth varies geographically by water use and the type of well, which illustrates...
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This data release includes tables and time-series plots of results for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analyzed in samples of groundwater used for public supply that were collected by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project and the California State Water Resources Control Board’s Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Program Priority Basin Project (GAMA-PBP) during 2013-19; results for associated quality-control samples also are included. All samples were analyzed by the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) using laboratory schedules 4436 and 4437. The table of groundwater data includes VOC results as reported by the laboratory, along with results that represent the application...
map background search result map search result map Classification of Chloride-to-Sulfate Mass Ratio for U.S. Groundwater With Respect to the Potential to Promote Galvanic Corrosion of Lead, 1991-2015; Water Well Data and Characteristic Values for States Datasets from Groundwater-Quality Data from the National Water-Quality Assessment Project, January through December 2014 and Select Quality-Control Data from May 2012 through December 2014 Domestic well locations and populations served in the contiguous U.S.: 1990, Road-enhanced method (REM) map. Data from Decadal Change in Groundwater Quality Web Site, 1988-2012 Datasets from Groundwater-Quality and Select Quality-Control Data from the National Water-Quality Assessment Project, January through December 2015 and Previously Unpublished Data from 2013-2014 Environmental and Quality-Control Data Collected by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Project for Hormones and Pharmaceuticals in Groundwater Used as a Source of Drinking Water Across the United States, 2013-15 Data for Tritium as an Indicator of Modern, Mixed and Premodern Groundwater Age Domestic well locations and populations served in the contiguous U.S.: 2010, Road-enhanced method (REM) dataset Data for depth of groundwater used for drinking-water supplies in the United States Data for machine learning predictions of pH in the glacial aquifer system, northern USA Inorganic Constituent and Ancillary Data for Evaluation of Lithium in Groundwater in the United States, 1991-2018 Data Release for Evaluation of Six Methods for Correcting Bias in Estimates from Ensemble Tree Machine Learning Regression Models Estimated equivalent population using public supply groundwater in the conterminous United States, CEM Public supply, self-supplied domestic, irrigation, and thermoelectric water-use data from 5-year compilation datasets from 1985 to 2015 used to assess data variability and uncertainty Table of Estimated County Population Using Public Supply Groundwater or Surface Water Data for volatile organic compounds in groundwater used for public supply across the United States, 2013-19, and data for associated quality-control samples Data for machine learning predictions of pH in the glacial aquifer system, northern USA Data Release for Evaluation of Six Methods for Correcting Bias in Estimates from Ensemble Tree Machine Learning Regression Models Datasets from Groundwater-Quality and Select Quality-Control Data from the National Water-Quality Assessment Project, January through December 2015 and Previously Unpublished Data from 2013-2014 Data for Tritium as an Indicator of Modern, Mixed and Premodern Groundwater Age Environmental and Quality-Control Data Collected by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Project for Hormones and Pharmaceuticals in Groundwater Used as a Source of Drinking Water Across the United States, 2013-15 Data for volatile organic compounds in groundwater used for public supply across the United States, 2013-19, and data for associated quality-control samples Datasets from Groundwater-Quality Data from the National Water-Quality Assessment Project, January through December 2014 and Select Quality-Control Data from May 2012 through December 2014 Domestic well locations and populations served in the contiguous U.S.: 1990, Road-enhanced method (REM) map. Domestic well locations and populations served in the contiguous U.S.: 2010, Road-enhanced method (REM) dataset Data for depth of groundwater used for drinking-water supplies in the United States Estimated equivalent population using public supply groundwater in the conterminous United States, CEM Table of Estimated County Population Using Public Supply Groundwater or Surface Water Data from Decadal Change in Groundwater Quality Web Site, 1988-2012 Inorganic Constituent and Ancillary Data for Evaluation of Lithium in Groundwater in the United States, 1991-2018 Classification of Chloride-to-Sulfate Mass Ratio for U.S. Groundwater With Respect to the Potential to Promote Galvanic Corrosion of Lead, 1991-2015; Water Well Data and Characteristic Values for States Public supply, self-supplied domestic, irrigation, and thermoelectric water-use data from 5-year compilation datasets from 1985 to 2015 used to assess data variability and uncertainty