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Filters: partyWithName: David E Damby (X) > partyWithName: U.S. Geological Survey (X)

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Note: No formal accuracy tests were conducted and these data are disseminated to allow discussion related to methods. Sample Analyses: Samples were processed at both the USGS in Menlo Park, CA, and at UC Berkeley following established methodology for separating organic material from sinter (Howald et al., 2014; Lowenstern et al., 2016; Slagter et al., 2019). First, the exterior surface of each sample was removed using a rock saw, and then any further material was removed if there was any visible algal material in the interior of the sample. Second, samples underwent a series of chemical baths. Samples were crushed and soaked in 30% hydrogen peroxide for 48 hours to remove any remaining modern algae. Once cleaned,...
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Sample Analyses: Thin sections made at UC Berkeley were brought to the USGS, Menlo Park, CA and were coated with 25 nm carbon. Samples were analyzed at the USGS in Menlo Park, CA in a Tescan VEGA3 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with an Oxford 50 mm2 X-MaxN energy dispersive spectrometer. Thin sections were imaged with backscatter electrons. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses and images were collected with an accelerating voltage of 15 kV and a working distance of 15 mm. Database Contents: The data files for “Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) Data” contain representative element spectra analyses of samples UGB-TD-28, -30, -31, -32, -33, -36.
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Following the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano (Neal et al, 2019) and the subsequent collapse of the Halema’uma’u crater, groundwater gradually seeped into the newly-deepened crater (Nadeau and others, 2020). Water was first observed in the crater on 7/26/2019, and the water level increased over time until 12/20/2020, when the crater again filled with lava, vaporizing the lake. In the intervening time, three sets of water samples were collected by unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) and analyzed for water chemistry, water isotopes, and sulfur isotopes. The solids filtered from the collected water samples were analyzed by XRD and SEM, as well as digested and analyzed for their chemical composition. Additionally, two...
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Radiocarbon dating of silicified wood was performed at the U.S. Geological Survey’s Radiocarbon Laboratory in Denver, Colorado. All samples were chemically treated using the standard acid-base-acid (ABA) procedure before being combusted online in the presence of excess high-purity oxygen. Water and other contaminant gases were removed using cryogenic separation techniques, and the resulting purified CO2 gas was measured manometrically and converted to graphite using an iron catalyst and hydrogen reduction (Vogel et al., 1984). Graphite targets were then submitted for accelerator mass spectrometry 14C analysis at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry facility in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. All...
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Sample Analyses: Samples were analyzed for major and trace element concentrations of the unreacted and reacted sinter using a Thermo ARL Perform’X X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer at the Hamilton Analytical Laboratory at Hamilton College, New York, following protocols described in Johnson et al. (1999). One-part powdered sample is mixed with 2 parts Li-tetraborate flux and fused at 1000 °C in graphite crucibles. The cooled wavelength dispersive XRF (WDXRF) pellets are re-ground to powder and re-fused at the same temperature. Flat analytical surfaces are ground on steel-backed diamond laps. XRF determinations of 44 element concentrations are calibrated with approximately 70 reference materials. Net peak intensities...
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In early May 2018, activity at Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii, increased, with heightened ash production from the summit commencing on May 17. Volcanic ash can scavenge volatile components from volcanic plumes, resulting in the deposition of potentially harmful elements during ash fallout. Leaching of these species (e.g., by rainfall or in water catchment systems) can have implications for agriculture, water resources and human health. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is sampling volcanic ash and utilizing ash leachate analyses as part of the assessment of hazards from the ongoing eruption of Kīlauea Volcano. We acquired 30 ash samples erupted from the summit of Kīlauea Volcano and collected downwind between May 10...
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Sample Analysis: Cation concentration data was obtained as a part of the beryllium isotope analyses. Samples collected from the Upper Geyser Basin were first treated in clean laboratory facilities at the University of New Hampshire following the methods laid out in the “Beryllium Isotope Data” portion of this data release. Following the hydrofluoric acid (HF) etches, and prior to Accelerated Mass Spectroscopy (AMS) analyses of 10Be, opal purity was assessed by measurement of major cation concentrations via inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) using a Perkin Elmer Optima 3300DV at the Analytical and Technical Services lab at SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry in Syracuse,...
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Sample Analyses: Thin sections made at UC Berkeley were brought to the USGS, Menlo Park, CA and were coated with 25 nm carbon. Samples were analyzed at the USGS in Menlo Park, CA in a Tescan VEGA3 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with an Oxford 50 mm2 X-MaxN energy dispersive spectrometer. Thin sections were imaged with backscatter electrons. Database Contents: The data files for “SEM Images of Sinter Thin Sections” contain representative SEM images of thin sections of samples UGB-TD-24, -27, -28, -29, -31, -32.
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Silicified wood samples were vacuum impregnated with epoxy, sectioned, and sputter coated with 10 nm Au/Pd at the U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA. Samples were imaged in a Tescan VEGA3 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with an Oxford 150 mm2 X-MaxN large area energy dispersive spectrometer at the U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA. Backscatter (BSE) images were collected with an accelerating voltage (HV) of 30 kV and a working distance (WD) of ~15 mm. Magnification is indicated on individual images. The data files for Scanning Electron Microsocopy (SEM) contain representative SEM-BSE images of samples OFL101 and OFL103-2. This research was conducted under Yellowstone Research Permit YELL-SCI-8030.
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Old Faithful Geyser in the Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park is one of the best studied geysers in the world. Under research permit YELL-SCI-8030, samples from 13 silicified tree remnants were collected adjacent to the Old Faithful Geyser cone in April and November 2019. The silicified wood samples were dated using the radiocarbon (14C) method and were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to determine the extent of wood silicification. This study was conducted in order to provide new information on the geyser’s past decadal to centennial eruptive activity. Understanding Old Faithful’s past could provide a baseline for understanding future changes in its eruption intervals.
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Summary: Siliceous sinter samples were collected from multiple geysers in the Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park in 2018. These silica sinter samples were collected and analyzed as a part of a multi-year research investigation into the age and geochemistry of hydrothermal features in the Upper Geyser Basin. Samples were collected along the stratigraphy of each feature. From these samples, we report 10Be, U-series, and 14C ages. Samples collected from Giant and Castle Geyser were further analyzed for their mineralogy, major and trace element concentrations, water content, and rare earth elements. This research was conducted under Yellowstone Research Permit YELL-2018-SCI-8030 and YELL-2018-SCI-5910....
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These data are presented to geochemically characterize glass from the informally named Khonkho tephra, an ashfall deposit that crops out at the Khonkho Wankane archaeological site in Jesus de Machaca, Bolivia. The Khonkho tephra appears to have been emplaced by a major explosive eruption from a currently unknown volcanic source. The unit forms a marker bed at an archaeologically important stratigraphic level. These data are to accompany a publication that describes the tephra-fall deposit and its implications and will eventually be used to correlate the unit to samples from other locations where it crops out and to identify its source volcano and eruption. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive...
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Sample Analyses: Unpolished bulk centimeter-scale sinter sub-samples were affixed to aluminum stubs using amorphous carbon paste and coated with 10 nm Au-Pd. Samples were analyzed at the USGS in Menlo Park, CA in a Tescan VEGA3 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Stub-mount samples were imaged with secondary electrons. Database Contents: The data files for “SEM Images of Bulk Sinter Samples” contain representative SEM images of cm-size pieces of sub-samples UGB-TD-25, -26, -28, -30, -31, -33, -35.
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Sample Analyses: X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) was carried out on samples UGB-TD-24 through UGB-TD-39 (excluding UGB-TD-38) at the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, CA. Each sample was powdered using an agate mortar and pestle and packed into a shallow well (0.5 mm) aluminum XRPD mount with the knife edge of a spatula to ensure random orientation. Samples were scanned continuously at room temperature from 3.0° 2θ to 80.0° 2θ with a step size of 0.01° 2θ on a Rigaku Multiflex X-ray diffractometer with Cu-Kα radiation with an accelerating voltage of 40.0 kV and a filament current of 20.0 mA. Database Contents: The data files (UGB-TD-XX.csv; where XX is the respective sample ID) contain the angle and intensity...
Sample Analyses: Thin sections made at UC Berkeley were brought to the USGS, Menlo Park, CA and were coated with 25 nm carbon. Separately, untreated bulk centimeter-scale sinter sub-samples were affixed to aluminum stubs using amorphous carbon paste and coated with 10 nm Au-Pd. Both types of samples were analyzed at the USGS in Menlo Park, CA in a Tescan VEGA3 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with an Oxford 50 mm2 X-MaxN energy dispersive spectrometer. Stub-mount sub-samples were imaged with secondary electrons and thin sections were imaged with backscatter electrons. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses and images were collected with an accelerating voltage of 15 kV and a working distance...
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Sample Analyses: Four samples of silica sinter from Giant and Castle Geysers composed of opal-A or opal-A/C were analyzed for U-Th isotopes at USGS laboratories in Denver, CO (https://www.usgs.gov/centers/gecsc/science/denver-radiogenic-isotope-lab?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects). Small fragments, weighing approximately 10 g, were cut and polished to enable microsampling using carbide dental burrs. Sub-samples consisted of small pits or trenches that cut across microfabric elements and integrate material weighing 0.082–0.109 g. Resulting powders were digested using concentrated hydrofluoric acid (HF) after spiking with known amounts of a mixed 229Th-233U-236U tracer solution. After evaporation,...
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See child items for two LA-ICP-MS datasets, including sample collection and methods descriptions.
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Sample Collection: Field work was conducted in November 2018 in the Upper Geyser Basin. Three sinter samples were collected from Castle Geyser and one sinter sample was collected from Solitary Geyser. At Castle Geyser, an effort was made to identify stable surfaces associated with the oldest exposed stratigraphic levels of sinter deposition, in order to target material emplaced during early stages of hydrothermal activity in the basin. At Solitary Geyser, material was collected from an exposure on the upper surface of a sinter deposit. All four sinter sample locations were selected to coincide with collection sites for material dated by radiocarbon methods, to enable a cross-comparison of results. Sinter was collected...
    map background search result map search result map Volcanic ash leachate and rainwater chemistry from increased 2018 activity of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii Mineralogy, chemistry and isotope composition of silica sinter deposits from the Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park (ver. 2.0, April 2021) g. X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) Data e. Laser Ablation Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) Data d. X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Data Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) Data SEM Images of Sinter Thin Sections SEM Images of Bulk Sinter Samples c. Beryllium Isotope Data b. Uranium and Thorium Isotope Data a. Carbon Isotope Data f. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) Data Silicified wood from around Old Faithful Geyser, Yellowstone National Park Radiocarbon Dating Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Chemical and isotopic composition of gas, water, and solids from the 2019-2020 water lake in Halema’uma’u Crater, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii Electron microprobe geochemical data for glass from the Khonkho tephra Radiocarbon Dating Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Silicified wood from around Old Faithful Geyser, Yellowstone National Park Chemical and isotopic composition of gas, water, and solids from the 2019-2020 water lake in Halema’uma’u Crater, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii g. X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) Data e. Laser Ablation Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) Data d. X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Data Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) Data SEM Images of Sinter Thin Sections SEM Images of Bulk Sinter Samples c. Beryllium Isotope Data b. Uranium and Thorium Isotope Data a. Carbon Isotope Data f. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) Data Volcanic ash leachate and rainwater chemistry from increased 2018 activity of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii Mineralogy, chemistry and isotope composition of silica sinter deposits from the Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park (ver. 2.0, April 2021) Electron microprobe geochemical data for glass from the Khonkho tephra