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This dataset provides early estimates of 2021 exotic annual grasses (EAG) fractional cover predicted on May 3rd. We develop and release EAG fractional cover map with an emphasis on cheatgrass (Bromus tectrorum) but it also includes number of other species, i.e., Bromus arvensis L., Bromus briziformis, Bromus catharticus Vahl, Bromus commutatus, Bromus diandrus, Bromus hordeaceus L., Bromus japonicus, Bromus madritensis L., Bromus racemosus, Bromus rubens L., Bromus secalinus L., Bromus texensis (Shear) Hitchc., and medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae. The dataset was generated leveraging field observations from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring data (AIM) plots; Harmonized...
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These datasets provide early estimates of 2022 fractional cover for exotic annual grass (EAG) species and one native perennial grass species on a bi-weekly basis from May to early July. The EAG estimates are developed within one week of the latest satellite observation used for that version. Each bi-weekly release contains four fractional cover maps along with their corresponding confidence maps for: 1) a group of 16 species of EAGs, 2) cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); 3) medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae); and 4) Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda). These datasets were generated leveraging field observations from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (AIM) data plots; Harmonized Landsat...
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The LCMAP Hawaii Reference Data Product was utilized for evaluation and validation of the Land Change Monitoring, Assessment, and Projection (LCMAP) land cover and land cover change products for Hawaii. The LCMAP Hawaii Reference Data Product includes the collection of an independent dataset of 600 30-meter by 30-meter plots across Hawaii. This dataset was collected via manual image interpretation to aid in validation of the land cover and land cover change products as well as area estimates. The LCMAP Reference Data Product collected variables related to primary and secondary land use, primary and secondary land cover(s), change processes, and other ancillary variables annually across Hawaii from 2000–2019.
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These datasets provide early estimates of 2023 fractional cover for exotic annual grass (EAG) species and one native perennial grass species on a weekly basis from May to early July. The EAG estimates are developed typically within 7-13 days of the latest satellite observation used for that version. Each weekly release contains four fractional cover maps along with their corresponding confidence maps for: 1) a group of 16 species of EAGs, 2) cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); 3) medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae); and 4) Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda). These datasets were generated leveraging field observations from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (AIM) data plots; Harmonized...
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The surface psychrometric constant (spc) is a key model parameter in actual evapotranspiration modeling using the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model for establishing model boundary limits for the dry/bare and wet/vegetated surface conditions. The inverse of the constant (1/spc) represents the temperature difference (dT) between the bare/dry surface and the air temperature at the canopy level. The main output of the SSEBop model is an ET fraction (0-1) and, when combined with reference (“maximum”) ET, produces an actual ET estimate from satellite-observed land surface temperature. This dT is determined using net radiation inputs under gray-sky radiations from the ERA-5 datasets, i.e., Surface...
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The data are a long-term (1980-present), daily reanalysis of reference evapotranspiration, covering the globe at a spatial resolution of 0.625° Longitude x 0.5° Latitude. Reference evapotranspiration is a measure of evaporative demand, or the "thirst of the atmosphere", basically how much moisture from the surface could evaporate into overpassing air, assuming (i) that enough water is available to evaporate and (ii) the surface is covered with a specific reference crop that completely shades the ground (some other conditions also apply). For this dataset, reference evapotranspiration is derived from the daily implementation of the Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration equation (Monteith, 1965) as codified...
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These datasets provide early estimates of 2022 fractional cover for exotic annual grass (EAG) species and one native perennial grass species on a bi-weekly basis from May to early July. The EAG estimates are developed within one week of the latest satellite observation used for that version. Each bi-weekly release contains four fractional cover maps along with their corresponding confidence maps for: 1) a group of 16 species of EAGs, 2) cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); 3) medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae); and 4) Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda). These datasets were generated leveraging field observations from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (AIM) data plots; Harmonized Landsat...
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The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) is a sovereign Small Island State in the tropical central North Pacific Ocean. RMI is a nation of more than thirty atolls and islands, most of which are inhabited, dispersed across an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) over 2 million square kilometers. This data release contains raster datasets for vegetation and water monitoring including Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Landscape Water Requirement Satisfaction Index (L-WRSI), and Soil Moisture Index (SMI) for selected locations and precipitation (dekadal (10-day) sum) for the entire RMI from 2017-2022. These data were compiled to support a 2022-2023 U.S. Geological Survey project for developing methods to apply...
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These datasets provide early estimates of 2023 fractional cover for exotic annual grass (EAG) species and one native perennial grass species on a weekly basis from May to early July. The EAG estimates are developed typically within 7-13 days of the latest satellite observation used for that version. Each weekly release contains four fractional cover maps along with their corresponding confidence maps for: 1) a group of 16 species of EAGs, 2) cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); 3) medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae); and 4) Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda). These datasets were generated leveraging field observations from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (AIM) data plots; Harmonized...
CONUS-wide actual ET (ETa) from Landsat thermal imagery-using the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model (version 4) in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform. Over 150,000 Landsat satellite images were used to produce 10 years of annual ETa (2010-2019).
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These datasets provide early estimates of 2021 fractional cover for exotic annual grass (EAG) species and a native perennial grass predicted on July 1 using satellite observation data available no later than June 28th. Four fractional cover maps comprise this release, along with the corresponding confidence maps, for: 1) a group of 17 species of EAGs (i.e., Bromus arvensis L., Bromus briziformis, Bromus catharticus Vahl, Bromus commutatus, Bromus diandrus, Bromus hordeaceus L., Bromus hordeaceus spp. hordeaceus, Bromus japonicus, Bromus madritensis L., Bromus madritensis L. ssp. rubens (L.) Duvin, Bromus L., Bromus racemosus, Bromus rubens L., Bromus secalinus L., Bromus tectorum L., Bromus texensis (Shear) Hitchc.,...
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The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) is a nation of more than thirty low-lying atolls and islands, most of which are inhabited, dispersed across an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) over 770,000 square miles in the tropical central North Pacific Ocean. Monitoring environmental conditions for potential drought risk is challenging in such a dispersed Island nation, and current drought hazard products provide generalities regarding conditions on a broad geographic scale. A team of USGS scientists and managers of natural resources and natural hazards in the RMI used IMERG (Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM) satellite estimates of precipitation to develop content and a template for timely monthly reporting...
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This dataset release provides historical (2016 - 2022) estimates of fractional cover for exotic annual grass (EAG) species and a native perennial bunch grass in the arid and semi-arid rangelands of the western United States. The dataset includes four fractional cover maps per year, accompanied by corresponding confidence maps, for a group of 16 species of EAGs, cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae); and Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda). The data were generated using a combination of field observations from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (AIM) plots; remotely sensed data from the Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) product (specifically Normalized...
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Agriculture consumes the largest share of freshwater globally, therefore, distinguishing between rainfed and irrigated croplands is essential for agricultural water management and food security. Yet in Africa, disaggregating croplands is challenging due to the continent's vast size, diverse climates, and varied agricultural practices. In this study, a framework using the Budyko model was applied to differentiate between rainfed and irrigated cropland areas in Africa for eight remote sensing landcover products and a high confidence cropland map (HCCM). The approach outlined in this research expands on the suite of remote sensing landcover products that can be used for agricultural water studies in Africa by enabling...
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The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) is a sovereign Small Island State in the tropical central North Pacific Ocean. RMI is a nation of more than thirty atolls and islands, most of which are inhabited, dispersed across an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) over 2 million square kilometers. This data release contains files of daily precipitation estimates beginning in 2001 for 23 inhabited sites in the RMI derived from Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG; https://gpm.nasa.gov/data/imerg). The files contain either "Late IMERG" data or "Final IMERG" data and are in millimeter per day. These data were compiled to support a 2022-2023 U.S. Geological Survey project to develop methods to apply Earth Observation...
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The data set includes the daily streamflow predictions from (Long Short-Term Memory) LSTM models for 45 basins (27 basins in New England region and 18 basins in Great Basin region) in contrasting hydroclimate regions (water-limited Great Basin region and energy-limited New England region) in the United States. Also, the shapefiles of study basins and hydroclimate regions, and data to support the statistical results, figures, and tables are included.
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The Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) Program assesses the frequency, extent, and magnitude (size and severity) of all large wildland fires (wildfires and prescribed fires) in the conterminous United States (CONUS), Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico for the period 1984 and beyond. All fires reported as greater than 1,000 acres in the western U.S. and greater than 500 acres in the eastern U.S. are mapped across all ownerships. MTBS produces a series of geospatial and tabular data for analysis at a range of spatial, temporal, and thematic scales and are intended to meet a variety of information needs that require consistent data about fire effects through space and time. This map layer is a thematic raster image...
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Defining site potential for an area establishes its possible long-term vegetation growth productivity in a relatively undisturbed state, providing a realistic reference point for ecosystem performance. Modeling and mapping site potential helps to measure and identify naturally occurring variations on the landscape as opposed to variations caused by land management activities or disturbances (Rigge et al. 2020). We integrated remotely sensed data (250-m enhanced Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (eMODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) (https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/)) with land cover, biogeophysical (i.e., soils, topography) and climate data into regression-tree software (Cubist®). We...
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This dataset, VegDischarge v1, represents a significant contribution to the understanding of hydrological dynamics across Africa from 2000 to 2021. It encompasses high-resolution (1km x 1km) monthly raster data of deep drainage, surface runoff, and total runoff, derived from the VegET (VegetationEvapoTranspiration) hydrological model (Senay et al., 2023). Additionally, routed discharge data (Mizukami et al., 2021) for over 63,000 river segments is provided, employing different routing algorithms (DW, KW, KWT, MC, and IRF) to demonstrate variability in river discharge patterns. This comprehensive dataset is stored in NetCDF and Shapefile formats, offering valuable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers...
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These datasets provide early estimates of 2023 fractional cover for exotic annual grass (EAG) species and one native perennial grass species on a weekly basis from May to early July. The EAG estimates are developed typically within 7-13 days of the latest satellite observation used for that version. Each weekly release contains four fractional cover maps along with their corresponding confidence maps for: 1) a group of 16 species of EAGs, 2) cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); 3) medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae); and 4) Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda). These datasets were generated leveraging field observations from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (AIM) data plots; Harmonized...


map background search result map search result map Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity Thematic Burn Severity Mosaic (ver. 8.0, April 2024) Using Targeted Training Data to Develop Site Potential for the Upper Colorado River Basin from 2000 - 2018 Annual SSEBop ET rasters at Landsat scale from 2010-2019 for the CONUS Early Estimates of Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) in the Sagebrush Biome, USA, May 2021, v1 LCMAP Hawaii Reference Data Product land cover, land use and change process attributes Early Estimates of Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) in the Sagebrush Biome, USA, July 2021, (ver 2.0, January 2022) Fractional Estimates of Multiple Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) Species and Sandberg bluegrass in the Sagebrush Biome, USA, 2016 - 2022 (ver. 3.0, July 2023) Global gray-sky dT: the inverse of the surface psychrometric constant parameter in the SSEBop evapotranspiration model 3. Early Estimates of Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) in the Sagebrush Biome, USA, 2022 (ver 4.0, June 3rd, 2022) 5. Early Estimates of Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) in the Sagebrush Biome, USA, 2022 (ver 6.0, July 1st, 2022) Satellite precipitation estimates for selected locations in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (ver. 2.0, February 2024) Monthly Satellite-Estimated Precipitation Reports for the Republic of the Marshall Islands (ver. 2.0, February 2024) Early Estimates of Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) in the Sagebrush Biome, USA, 2023 (ver. 1.0, May 2023) Vegetation and Water Monitoring Datasets for selected locations in the Republic of the Marshall Islands from 2017-2022 Early Estimates of Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) in the Sagebrush Biome, USA, 2023 (ver. 2.0, May 2023) Early Estimates of Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) in the Sagebrush Biome, USA, 2023 (ver. 6.0, June 2023) Rainfed and Irrigated Cropland Areas for Africa Global reference evapotranspiration for food-security monitoring (ver. 2.1, April 2024) Streamflow Predictions (2006-2014) from LSTM Models in Water- and Energy-limited Regions in the United States Hydrologic gridded runoff and routed discharge data for Africa from 2000-2021 LCMAP Hawaii Reference Data Product land cover, land use and change process attributes Using Targeted Training Data to Develop Site Potential for the Upper Colorado River Basin from 2000 - 2018 Vegetation and Water Monitoring Datasets for selected locations in the Republic of the Marshall Islands from 2017-2022 Monthly Satellite-Estimated Precipitation Reports for the Republic of the Marshall Islands (ver. 2.0, February 2024) Satellite precipitation estimates for selected locations in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (ver. 2.0, February 2024) Early Estimates of Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) in the Sagebrush Biome, USA, May 2021, v1 Early Estimates of Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) in the Sagebrush Biome, USA, July 2021, (ver 2.0, January 2022) Fractional Estimates of Multiple Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) Species and Sandberg bluegrass in the Sagebrush Biome, USA, 2016 - 2022 (ver. 3.0, July 2023) 3. Early Estimates of Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) in the Sagebrush Biome, USA, 2022 (ver 4.0, June 3rd, 2022) 5. Early Estimates of Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) in the Sagebrush Biome, USA, 2022 (ver 6.0, July 1st, 2022) Early Estimates of Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) in the Sagebrush Biome, USA, 2023 (ver. 1.0, May 2023) Early Estimates of Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) in the Sagebrush Biome, USA, 2023 (ver. 2.0, May 2023) Early Estimates of Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) in the Sagebrush Biome, USA, 2023 (ver. 6.0, June 2023) Streamflow Predictions (2006-2014) from LSTM Models in Water- and Energy-limited Regions in the United States Annual SSEBop ET rasters at Landsat scale from 2010-2019 for the CONUS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity Thematic Burn Severity Mosaic (ver. 8.0, April 2024) Rainfed and Irrigated Cropland Areas for Africa Hydrologic gridded runoff and routed discharge data for Africa from 2000-2021 Global gray-sky dT: the inverse of the surface psychrometric constant parameter in the SSEBop evapotranspiration model Global reference evapotranspiration for food-security monitoring (ver. 2.1, April 2024)