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Article Introduction: Efforts to define water needs for riparian and aquatic ecosystems in arid and semi-arid systems are critical because riparian areas are essential for the survival of desert life, with stream corridors providing a large proportion of ecosystem services in these landscapes (Poff, Koestner, Neary, & Henderson, 2011; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). To create a one-stop-shop for published ecological water needs information and illuminate critical knowledge gaps in the desert watersheds of the U.S. and Mexico, the University of Arizona’s Water Resources Research Center and the Northern Arizona University School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability created the Desert Flows Database....
Categories: Data, Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Aquascalientes, Arizona, Baja California, California, Chihuahua, All tags...
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Dispersal can strongly influence the demographic and evolutionary trajectory of populations. For many species, little is known about dispersal, despite its importance to conservation. The Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is a species of conservation concern that ranges across 11 western U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces. To investigate dispersal patterns among spring breeding congregations, we examined a 21-locus microsatellite DNA dataset of 3,244 Greater Sage-Grouse sampled from 763 leks throughout Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota, USA, across 7 yr. We recaptured ~2% of individuals, documenting 41 instances of breeding dispersal, with 7 dispersal events of .50 km, including 1 of...
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Governmental and nongovernmental organizations charged with managingnatural resources increasingly emphasize the need to work across jurisdictional boundaries.Their challenge is to manage shifting resources under rapidly changing climate andland-use scenarios. Scientists, resource managers, and conservation planners, and theirorganizations and agencies routinely collaborate on projects to solve specific problems.Cooperative frameworks to programmatically address complex social–environmental issuesand develop shared research, planning, and implementation priorities are relatively new.One such framework includes 22 Landscape Conservation Cooperatives that encompass the US, Caribbean countries, and bordering regions...
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Conant et al. (1991) describe swan survey methods used by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Alaska and present the results of surveys using these methods. Full citation: Conant, B., J.I. Hodges, and J. G. King. 1991. Continuity and advancement of trumpeter swan Cygnus buccinator and tundra swan Cygnus columbianus population monitoring in Alaska. Pages 125-136 in J. Sears and P.J. Bacon (Eds.) 1991. Proc. Third IWRB International Swan Symposium, Oxford 1989. Wildfowl Supplement No. 1.
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Amphibians and reptiles (herpetofauna) have been linked to specific microhabitat characteristics, microclimates, and water resources in riparian forests. Our objective was to relate variation in herpetofauna abundance to changes in habitat caused by a beetle used for Tamarix biocontrol (Diorhabda carinulata; Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and riparian restoration. During 2013 and 2014, we measured vegetation and monitored herpetofauna via trapping and visual encounter surveys (VES) at locations affected by biocontrol along the Virgin River in the Mojave Desert of the southwestern United States. Twenty-one sites were divided into four riparian stand types based on density and percent cover of dominant trees (Tamarix,...
Categories: Data, Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2012, AZ-01, AZ-02, AZ-03, AZ-04, All tags...
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In Arctic ecosystems, freshwater fish migrateseasonally between productive shallow water habitatsthat freeze in winter and deep overwinter refuge in riversand lakes. How these movements relate to seasonal hydrologyis not well understood.We used passive integratedtransponder tags and stream wide antennae to track1035 Arctic grayling in Crea Creek, a seasonally flowingbeaded stream on the Arctic Coastal Plain, Alaska. Migrationof juvenile and adult fish into Crea Creek peakedin June immediately after ice break-up in the stream. Fishthat entered the stream during periods of high flow andcold stream temperature traveled farther upstream thanthose entering during periods of lower flow and warmertemperature. We used generalized...
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Numerous studies utilizing remote sensing imagery and other methods have documented that thermokarst lakes are undergoing varied hydrological transitions in response to recent climate changes, from surface area expansion to drainage and evaporative desiccation. Here, we provide a synthesis of hydrological conditions for 376 lakes of mainly thermokarst origin across high-latitude North America. We assemble surface water isotope compositions measured during the past decade at five lake-rich landscapes including Arctic Coastal Plain (Alaska), Yukon Flats (Alaska), Old Crow Flats (Yukon), northwestern Hudson Bay Lowlands (Manitoba), and Nunavik (Quebec). These landscapes represent the broad range of thermokarst environments...
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Field measurements, satellite observations, and models document a thinning trend in seasonal Arcticlake ice growth, causing a shift from bedfast to floating ice conditions. September sea iceconcentrations in the Arctic Ocean since 1991 correlate well (r=+0.69, p<0.001) to this lakeregime shift. To understand how and to what extent sea ice affects lakes, we conducted modelexperiments to simulate winters with years of high (1991/92) and low (2007/08) sea ice extent forwhich we also had field measurements and satellite imagery characterizing lake ice conditions. Alakeice growth model forced with Weather Research and Forecasting model output produced a 7%decrease in lake ice growth when 2007/08 sea ice was imposed on...
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The northern bobwhite Colinus virginianus has experienced range-wide declines over the past several decades, primarily due to habitat loss and habitat fragmentation. As northern bobwhite populations continue to decline, there is a need for studies that address the impact of habitat changes on population persistence at multiple spatial scales. Our goal was to assess changes in habitat and land use related to northern bobwhite declines across multiple spatial scales in Texas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana. We determined northern bobwhite trends for 1972–2012 using Breeding Bird Survey data. At the regional scale, we compared northern bobwhite population trends with road density (2000, 2012), human population (1970–2010),...
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Quantitative studies focusing on the collection of semibuoyant fish eggs, which are associated with a pelagic broadcast-spawning reproductive strategy, are often conducted to evaluate reproductive success. Many of the fishes in this reproductive guild have suffered significant reductions in range and abundance. However, the efficiency of the sampling gear used to evaluate reproduction is often unknown and renders interpretation of the data from these studies difficult. Our objective was to assess the efficiency of a modified Moore egg collector (MEC) using field and laboratory trials. Gear efficiency was assessed by releasing a known quantity of gellan beads with a specific gravity similar to that of eggs from representatives...
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Climate change poses major challenges for conservation and management because it alters the area, quality, and spatial distribution of habitat for natural populations. To assess species’ vulnerability to climate change and target ongoing conservation investments, researchers and managers often consider the effects of projected changes in climate and land use on future habitat availability and quality and the uncertainty associated with these projections. Here, we draw on tools from hydrology and climate science to project the impact of climate change on the density of wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region of the USA, a critical area for breeding waterfowl and other wetland-dependent species. We evaluate the potential...
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A key challenge in aquatic restoration efforts is documenting locations where ecological connectivity is disrupted in water bodies that are dammed or crossed by roads (road crossings). To prioritize actions aimed at restoring connectivity, we argue that there is a need for systematic inventories of these potential barriers at regional and national scales. Here, we address this limitation for the North American Great Lakes basin by compiling the best available spatial data on the locations of dams and road crossings. Our spatial database documents 38 times as many road crossings as dams in the Great Lakes basin, and case studies indicate that, on average, only 36% of road crossings in the area are fully passable...
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Conservation of biological communities requires accurate estimates of abundance for multiple species. Recent advances in estimating abundance of multiple species, such as Bayesian multispecies N-mixture models, account for multiple sources of variation, including detection error. However, false-positiveerrors (misidentification or double counts), which are prevalent in multispecies data sets, remain largely unaddressed. The dependent-double observer (DDO) method is an emerging method that both accounts for detection error and is suggested to reduce the occurrence of false positives because it relies on two observers working collaboratively to identify individuals. To date, the DDO method has not been combined with...
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This 1996 publication by John I. Hodges, James G. King, Bruce Conant, and Henry A. Hanson summarized population abundance trends of waterfowl, loons, and sandhill cranes from data collected in the Alaska strata (i.e., strata 1-11) of the North American Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey during 1957-1994. The authors also presented results of analyses that compared the detection rates of right- vs. left-seat observers (i.e., with vs. without piloting duties).
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Throughout the Caribbean, conservation is ecologically, politically, and sociallychallenging due to a number of factors including globalization, climate change, loss ofbiodiversity, and the spread of invasive species. Relationships between organizations andinstitutions that govern the region’s natural and cultural resources are key to conservationsuccess as partners work to implement plans to meet science, capacity, and informationneeds. However, the complex challenges involved in conservation work and tenuous relationshipsamong organizations can result in a “knowing–doing gap”. Empirical evidencefrom 130 Caribbean conservation organizations indicates that barriers to bridging this gapare lack of information and...
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Determining species distributions accurately is crucial to developing conservation and management strategies for imperiled species, but a challenging task for small populations. We evaluated the efficacy of environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis for improving detection and thus potentially refining the known distribution of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Methow and Okanogan Subbasins of the Upper Columbia River, which span the border between Washington, USA and British Columbia, Canada. We developed an assay to target a 90 base pair sequence of Chinook DNA and used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to quantify the amount of Chinook eDNA in triplicate 1-L water samples collected at 48 stream...
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This region-wide coordinated bird monitoring program, supported by state, federal, tribal, nongovernmental organizations, and two statewide bird conservation partnerships, is designed to provide spatially-referenced baseline data for science-based biological planning and conservation design for the Great Northern LCC and its partners that is directly comparable with other landscapes and BCRs. We are requesting a third year of funding to continue sampling in BCR10 Montana and Idaho to enhance our ability to make robust inference to bird populations on grassland, shrublands, and riparian systems. These data currently are being used by project partners to develop spatially-explicit models that will allow assessment...
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This study quantitatively explores whether land cover changes have a substantive impact on simulated streamflow within the tropical island setting of Puerto Rico. The Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) was used to compare streamflow simulations based on five static parameterizations of land cover with those based on dynamically varying parameters derived from four land cover scenes for the period 1953-2012. The PRMS simulations based on static land cover illustrated consistent differences in simulated streamflow across the island. It was determined that the scale of the analysis makes a difference: large regions with localized areas that have undergone dramatic land cover change may show negligible difference...
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Spawning migrations of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) to coastal watersheds provide a rich resource subsidy to freshwater consumers. However, variation in thermal regimes and spawning activity across the landscape constrain the ability of poikilothermic consumers to assimilate eggs and carcasses. We investigated how sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) spawning density and stream temperature affect the growth, body condition, and fatty acid composition of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), a known egg predator, in seven tributaries of the Wood River in Southwest Alaska. We compared mean body size of juvenile coho salmon in late summer among 3–7 years per stream and found that the largest mean size occurred...
map background search result map search result map Sampling Efficiency of the Moore Egg Collector BCR10 in Idaho, 1km Grid, Integrated Bird Monitoring by Conservation Region Genetic recapture identifies long-distance breeding dispersal in Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) Understanding Environmental Flows in Desert Rivers of the U.S. and Mexico through the Desert Flows Database Publication: The effects of riparian restoration following saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) biocontrol on habitat and herpetofauna along a desert stream Publication: Restoring aquatic ecosystem connectivity requires expanding inventories of both dams and road crossings A multispecies dependent double-observer model: A new method to for estimating multispecies abundance Projected wetland densities under climate change: habitat loss but little geographic shift in conservation strategy Arctic sea ice decline contributes to thinning lake ice trend in northern Alaska A synthesis of thermokarst lake water balance in high-latitude regions of North America from isotope tracers Thermal constraints on stream consumer responses to a marine resource subsidy Seasonal cues of Arctic grayling movement in a small Arctic stream: the importance of surface water connectivity THE EFFECTS OF CHANGING LAND COVER ON STREAMFLOW SIMULATION IN PUERTO RICO The Caribbean Landscape Conservation Cooperative: A New Framework for Effective Conservation of Natural and Cultural Resources in the Caribbean Boundary Organizations as an Approach to Overcoming Science-Delivery Barriers in Landscape Conservation: A Caribbean Case Study Characterizing the distribution of an endangered salmonid using environmental DNA analysis Publication: Correlates of habitat fragmentation and northern bobwhite abundance in the Gulf Prairie Landscape Conservation Cooperative Continuity and advancement of trumpeter swan Cygnus buccinator and tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus) population monitoring in Alaska 1991 publication Publication: Aerial Surveys of Waterbirds in Alaska 1957-1994 Utqiagvik Alaska Chick Monitoring publications Utqiagvik Alaska Chick Monitoring publications Characterizing the distribution of an endangered salmonid using environmental DNA analysis Publication: The effects of riparian restoration following saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) biocontrol on habitat and herpetofauna along a desert stream THE EFFECTS OF CHANGING LAND COVER ON STREAMFLOW SIMULATION IN PUERTO RICO The Caribbean Landscape Conservation Cooperative: A New Framework for Effective Conservation of Natural and Cultural Resources in the Caribbean Boundary Organizations as an Approach to Overcoming Science-Delivery Barriers in Landscape Conservation: A Caribbean Case Study Arctic sea ice decline contributes to thinning lake ice trend in northern Alaska A synthesis of thermokarst lake water balance in high-latitude regions of North America from isotope tracers Seasonal cues of Arctic grayling movement in a small Arctic stream: the importance of surface water connectivity Thermal constraints on stream consumer responses to a marine resource subsidy Genetic recapture identifies long-distance breeding dispersal in Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) Sampling Efficiency of the Moore Egg Collector BCR10 in Idaho, 1km Grid, Integrated Bird Monitoring by Conservation Region Publication: Correlates of habitat fragmentation and northern bobwhite abundance in the Gulf Prairie Landscape Conservation Cooperative A multispecies dependent double-observer model: A new method to for estimating multispecies abundance Projected wetland densities under climate change: habitat loss but little geographic shift in conservation strategy Publication: Restoring aquatic ecosystem connectivity requires expanding inventories of both dams and road crossings Understanding Environmental Flows in Desert Rivers of the U.S. and Mexico through the Desert Flows Database Publication: Aerial Surveys of Waterbirds in Alaska 1957-1994 Continuity and advancement of trumpeter swan Cygnus buccinator and tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus) population monitoring in Alaska 1991 publication