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PURPOSE: The deployment of a national missile defense (NMD) program in Alaska, California, Massachusetts, and North Dakota is considered. The NMD system would be a fixed, land-based, non-nuclear missile defense system with a land- and space-based detection system capable of responding to limited strategic ballistic missile threats to the United States. The proposed Alaskan sites include Clear Air Force Station (AFS) in Denali Borough, Eareckson Air Station (AS) on Shemya Island, Eielson Air Force Base (AFB) in Fairbanks North Star Borough, Fort Greely, and Yukon Training Area in Fairbanks North Star Borough. The proposed California site is Beale AFB. The proposed Massachusetts site is Cape Cod AFS. The proposed...
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The evolution of permafrost in cold regions is inextricably connected to hydrogeologic processes, climate, and ecosystems. Permafrost thawing has been linked to changes in wetland and lake areas, alteration of the groundwater contribution to streamflow, carbon release, and increased fire frequency. But detailed knowledge about the dynamic state of permafrost in relation to surface and groundwater systems remains an enigma. Here, we present the results of a pioneering 1,800 line-kilometer airborne electromagnetic survey that shows sediments deposited over the past 4 million years and the configuration of permafrost to depths of 100 meters in the Yukon Flats area near Fort Yukon, Alaska. The Yukon Flats is near the...
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According to the Koppen -Geiger climate classification, Hokkaido and central to southern Alaska are located at near southrn and northern borders of the subarctic region, respectively. River basins in Hokkaido and Alaska receive similar climatological and hydrological conditions of summer to autumn rainfall, winter snowfall and spring snowmelt. Here, hydrological characteristics of the Saromabetsu river basin (area, 277.0 km super(2)) and the Oikamanai river basin (area, 62.0 km super(2)) in Hokkaido are compared with those of the Tanana river basin (area, 6.6310 super(4) km super(2)) in Alaska. Hourly time series of river discharge, Q, and suspended sediment concentration, C, in runoff events offers the relationship...
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This report describes the work performed by the Alaska Exotic Plant Management Team at Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve and Gates of the Arctic National Park & Preserve during the 2011 season including objectives, methods, and major conclusions. This field work is a continuation of work done by the Alaska Exotic Plant Management Team in the summer of 2010. The 2011 season was divided into four main regions from highest to lowest priority: Coal Creek Camp; Slaven’s Roadhouse; the Dalton Highway south of Coldfoot, AK; and Gates of the Arctic National Park & Preserve along the Middle Fork of the Koyukuk River. The main area of focus during the 2011 season was the high traffic areas along Coal Creek; a tributary...
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Invasive species are a concern worldwide as they can displace native species, reduce biodiversity, and disrupt ecological processes. European bird cherry (Prunus padus) (EBC) is an invasive ornamental tree that is rapidly spreading and possibly displacing native trees along streams in parts of urban Alaska. The objectives of this study were to: 1) map the current distribution of EBC along two Anchorage streams, Campbell and Chester creeks, and 2) determine the effects of EBC on selected ecological processes linked to stream salmon food webs. Data from the 2009 and 2010 field seasons showed: EBC was widely distributed along Campbell and Chester creeks; EBC leaf litter in streams broke down rapidly and supported similar...
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The ambermarked birch leafminer (AMBLM) (Profenusa thomsoni ) is an invasive leafminer native to the Palearctic from the United Kingdom to Turkey to Japan. It was introduced to the eastern United States in 1921 and has since spread to the mid-western U.S. states and Canadian provinces. This leafminer was introduced to Alaska in 1996, where it has since spread over 140,000 acres, from Haines to Fairbanks. The most severe damage is found throughout the Anchorage bowl, which extends south to Girdwood and North to Wasilla. The damage caused by P. thomsoni can be severe, defoliating entire trees. In 2006, it was noted that urban areas in Alaska experienced higher densities of AMBLM leafminer than adjacent forested areas....
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The Joint Technical Committee (JTC) of the United States and Canada serves as a scientific advisory body to the Yukon River Panel. The JTC discusses harvest and escapement goals, management trends, postseason reviews and preseason outlooks, and results of cooperative research projects. The report summarizes the status of salmon stocks (Chinook, coho, summer and fall chum salmon) in 2008 with reference to historical data, presents an outlook for the 2009 season, and provides data on the utilization of salmon species by commercial and subsistence (aboriginal) harvests, personal use (domestic) and sport (recreational) fishery. The report further compiles summaries of Yukon River projects (e.g., mark-recapture, sonar,...
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Hidden Creek Lake (HCL), an ice-marginal lake impounded by Kennicott Glacier, Wrangell Mountains, Alaska, fills annually to ∼20 to 30 × 106 m3 and then drains subglacially within 2 to 3 days. During the 1999 and 2000 jökulhlaups, we carried out a series of planned observations around the lake and in the Kennicott River, which drains the glacier. Approximately 20% of the lake volume was contained within a subglacial water “wedge” beneath the ice dam. The entire volume of the lake drains through the wedge; hydraulic head loss through this constriction may be responsible for the fairly symmetrical shape of the HCL outflow hydrographs, deduced from lake level records, basin hypsometry, and collapse of the ice dam. The...
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This report summarizes the inventory of mammals of the five park units comprising the Arctic Network (ARCN) of the National Park Service, Alaska Region, between 2000 and 2003. This study was part of a cooperative effort of the Beringian Coevolution Project at the Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, and the ARCN Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service, Alaska division. We begin documenting the approximately 39 species of mammals that live in ARCN, with a primary focus on small mammals (i.e., shrews, voles, lemmings, weasels, porcupine, squirrels, and hares). This survey resulted in more than 3,000 primary specimens comprising 23 species. Small mammal abundance varied considerably...