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This dataset contains field measurements of lakebed groundwater temperatures collected during three surveys in July 2008, August 2014, and August 2015, by using a handheld thermocouple probe and GPS at a permeable reactive barrier at Ashumet Pond, Falmouth, MA. The comma-separated file includes unique site identifiers, locations of measurement points, temperatures, dates, and types of measurement (groundwater, surface water, or control). Also included are ESRI raster datasets for each measurement date for (1) interpolated lakebed groundwater temperatures, and (2) interpolated lakebed groundwater temperatures normalized to the surface water temperature at the time of measurement. This data release is provided...
This dataset provides the water-quality results for organic and inorganic concentrations analyzed from samples collected at residential tapwater faucets, sourced from private drinking water wells in Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Samples were collected in July and August, 2018 from 20 locations. Samples were analyzed at various U.S. Geological Survey laboratories: the National Water Quality Laboratory in Denver, Colorado for organic compounds; the Redox Chemistry Laboratory in Boulder, Colorado for inorganic constituents; the Organic Geochemistry Laboratory in Lawrence, Kansas for microcystin analyses; and the Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory in Sacramento, California for disinfectant byproduct analyses. Additionally,...
This dataset contains field measurements of temperature in shallow vertical profiles beneath a lake-bottom in the vicinity of a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) at Ashumet Pond, Falmouth, MA. From August 21, 2015 – September 3, 2015 vertical temperature profilers designed to quantify groundwater upwelling dynamics were installed at seven locations. Hollow stainless steel pipes (2.5 cm OD) were slotted horizontally to allow installation of iButton thermal data loggers (Maxim Integrated DS1922L, 0.0625 oC precision) protected with waterproof silicone caulking. The temperature profilers were gently tapped into the cobbly bed by first driving guide-hole of slightly smaller diameter. After installation, the thermal loggers...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Cape Cod,
Falmouth,
Massachusetts,
groundwater,
groundwater and surface-water interaction,
Lake-bottom sediment and associated quality-control samples were collected in August 2020 from one coring location (U.S. Geological Survey station 413756070321301, ASHUMET POND, MASHPEE MI-ASHPD-0011) in Ashumet Pond downgradient from a former fire-training area on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The core was collected to determine if per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were present in the bottom sediments of a lake known to have elevated concentrations of PFAS in surface water and groundwater (Tokranov and others, 2021), and whether the sediments could act as a continuous source of PFAS to the lake. Processing the sediment core entailed collection of discrete samples at intervals ranging from 1-5 centimeters (cm)...
Categories: Data,
Data Release - Revised;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Cape Cod,
Eastern United States,
Environmental Health,
Falmouth,
Hydrology,
This dataset contains field measurements of direct groundwater seepage by using half-barrel style seepage meters permanently installed in a lake-bottom permeable reactive barrier (PRB) at Ashumet Pond, Falmouth, MA. The meters are a modified version of a standard half-barrel seepage meter. Each meter consists of a 208-L polyethylene, corrosion-inhibiting drum cut to a length of 0.8 m and fitted with a removable 0.56-m-diameter lid. A 1.3-cm-diameter hole was drilled into each lid to allow outflow or inflow to be measured. During installation, the top rim of each barrel was positioned to be at the expected grade after backfilling. Between 2004 and 2015, seepage rates at each meter were measured annually, with the...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Cape Cod,
Falmouth,
Massachusetts,
groundwater,
groundwater and surface-water interaction,
This data release includes comma-delimited datafiles (.CSV files) and geospatial datasets (GIS shapefile and raster datasets) from a survey of lake-bottom temperatures using a Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing (FO-DTS) system in May 2007. The distribution of lakebed temperatures was determined over an 18-hour period in May 2007 using a LIOS fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (FO-DTS) system (LIOS Technology, Cologne, Germany) connected to a 1000-m-long fiber cable shielded with rubberized armoring. The FO-DTS system measures temperature by means of optical fibers that function as linear sensors of temperature dependent laser light backscatter, producing temperature values to an accuracy of 0.01oC...
This data release presents chemical and biological results from an investigation of the uptake of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from groundwater contaminated by fire training activities on Cape Cod, Massachusetts conducted from July to August 2019. An exposure experiment was conducted at an a PFAS contaminated site (FTA-1) near the fire training area (FTA). To assess the tissue-specific uptake characteristics of the mixture of PFAS present in the groundwater from the FTA-1 site, a 21-day mobile laboratory exposure experiment was conducted. Details for the groundwater sampling sites and well construction are presented (Table 1). The PFAS mixture concentrations and composition in groundwater and in fish...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Biotic concentration,
Cape Cod,
Environmental Health,
Fathead minnows,
Fire training area,
This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data release provides a comprehensive dataset of water-quality results, physical-parameter measurements, hydrologic measurements, and site information collected to study the nature and extent of water quality along groundwater flow paths adjacent to glacial-kettle lakes on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Water-quality samples were collected in 2003, 2005, and 2012 through 2018 in and near seven kettle lakes located on western Cape Cod, with most of the data collected in 2015-2017 from Ashumet Pond, which is located in the towns of Falmouth and Mashpee. Data were also collected at other lakes to compare the lake-specific influences of geochemistry and hydrology on the downgradient groundwater...
This data set summarizes measurements of water flux (specific discharge, or Darcy flux, q) made with seepage meters at 27 sites in five ponds on western Cape Cod during August–September 2015. The seepage meters consisted of the cut-off ends of 55-gallon steel drums, as described in Lee (1977) and Rosenberry and LaBaugh (2008). The seepage meters were 0.56 meter in diameter and covered a surface area on the lake bottom of about 0.25 square meter. The data table provides locational information for each seepage-measurement site, including easting and northing, in meters relative to the Massachusetts State Plane coordinate system (North American Datum of 1983); and the approximate lake-water depth, in meters. The data...
This U.S. Geological Survey data release provides a comprehensive dataset of water-quality data and sampling-site characteristics collected in 1978–2018 during a study of the effects of land disposal of treated wastewater on groundwater quality in an unconsolidated sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Treated sewage-derived wastewater was discharged to rapid-infiltration beds at Joint Base Cape Cod for nearly 60 years before the disposal was moved to a different location in December 1995. The discharge formed a plume of contaminated groundwater that partly discharges to a glacial kettle lake about 1,600 feet from the beds and extends about 4.5 miles toward coastal saltwater bodies at Vineyard Sound....
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Barnstable County,
Bourne,
Cape Cod,
Falmouth,
Mashpee,
Groundwater, surface-water, sediment, and associated quality-control samples were collected downgradient from a former fire training area and wastewater infiltration beds on Cape Cod, Massachusetts and analyzed for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Samples were collected between July 2016 and February 2019 following U.S. Geological Survey protocols. Field parameters reported include temperature, pH, specific conductance, and dissolved oxygen. Samples were analyzed for chloride, bromide, nitrate, sulfate, and dissolved organic carbon. PFAS samples were extracted using offline solid phase extraction and were analyzed for 24 PFAS at Harvard University using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)....
This data set summarizes seepage rates calculated from the lake-bottom temperature data as described in child item "Calculations of lake-bottom seepage rates from vertical temperature profiles at four groundwater flow-through glacial kettle lakes, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2016–18." The data table provides locational information for each site, including easting and northing, in meters relative to the Massachusetts State Plane coordinate system (North American Datum of 1983); approximate distance from shoreline, in meters; and approximate lake-water depth, in meters. The data table also provides the arithmetic average and standard deviation of temperature-derived seepage rate for each time series (in .csv...
This dataset includes ESRI Shapefiles of the May 30, 2007, July 31, 2008, August 14,2014, and August 4, 2015 shoreline positions and the boundary of a lake-bottom permeable reactive barrier at Ashumet Pond, Falmouth, MA as determined by using a handheld GPS. This data release is provided in support of the journal article: McCobb, T.D., Briggs, M.A., LeBlanc, D.R., Day-Lewis, F.D., and Johnson C.D., 2018, Evaluating long-term patterns of decreasing groundwater discharge through a lake-bottom permeable reactive barrier: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 220: p. 233–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.02.083. This data release contains all files required to replicate the results of the associated journal...
Hydrologic data were collected in the nearshore lake-bottom sediments of five lakes on western Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Ashumet (Falmouth), Long (Centerville), Santuit (Mashpee), Shubael (Barnstable), and Snake (Sandwich) Ponds. Water budgets of flow-through glacial kettle lakes are commonly dominated by groundwater flow into and surface-water seepage out of the lake, and inputs and losses from precipitation and evaporation are typically smaller. This data release presents water flux data collected from sites at the five lakes where lake water is seeping downward across the groundwater/surface-water interface into the groundwater system. Detailed characterization of water flux across the lake-bottom interface is...
This data set contains one-dimensional water flux (specific discharge, or Darcy flux, q) data calculated from vertical temperature profile data. The flux was calculated from paired time series of temperature from the shallowest and the deepest iButton loggers at each site described in child item "Field measurements of lake-bottom groundwater temperatures from vertical temperature profiles at four groundwater flow-through glacial kettle lakes, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2016–18" by using the automated VFLUX software (version 2.0.0) run in Matlab. VFLUX 2.0.0 can be downloaded for free at http://hydrology.syr.edu/vflux/. The data are presented as time-varying continuous records of flux calculated by three methods:...
This data release includes geospatial datasets, comma separated values (.csv) files, and associated FGDC-compliant metadata representing data collected between 2004 and 2015 as part of a study of groundwater/surface-water interaction in the area of a lake-bottom permeable reactive barrier at Ashumet Pond, Falmouth, Massachusetts. The data sets are organized by type: (1) Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing (FO-DTS) measurements of lake-bottom groundwater temperatures collected May 30-31, 2007, (2) Seepage meter data collected between November 2004 and August 2015, (2) Vertical temperature profile data collected between August 21, 2015 and September 3, 2015, and (4) Lakebed temperature measurements collected...
The U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program Cape Cod Research site has been the subject of intensive hydrological and geochemical investigations. The site has multiple sources of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), for which the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has issued health advisories because of potential adverse human health effects. During 2014 and 2015, groundwater contamination by PFASs from a fire-training area and a wastewater treatment facility effluent infiltration beds, located on Joint Base Cape Cod, was assessed by collecting groundwater samples and sediment cores (Figures 1 and 2). The water...
Categories: Data,
Data Release - Revised;
Tags: Cape Cod,
Environmental Health,
Geochemistry,
Joint Base Cape Cod,
Massachusetts,
Temperature sensors were installed in the lake-bottom sediments of Ashumet, Long (Centerville), Santuit, and Shubael Ponds, all on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, three times during 2016–18 to obtain shallow vertical temperature profiles. The sensors were installed at 11 sites from July 27 to October 13, 2016; 10 sites from September 19 to October 11, 2017; and 2 sites from February 13 to February 23, 2018. The vertical temperature profilers are designed to collect temperature data at different depths in the lake-bottom sediments for the calculation of downward groundwater seepage rates, as described in child item "Calculations of lake-bottom seepage rates from vertical temperature profiles at four groundwater flow-through...
This data release presents chemical and biological results from an investigation of the uptake of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from groundwater contaminated by fire training activities on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Exposure experiments were conducted from August 29 to September 21, 2018 using groundwater from a relatively uncontaminated reference site and a fire training area contaminated site. To assess the uptake characteristics of the PFAS mixtures present in the 2 groundwater sources, 21-day mobile laboratory exposure experiments were conducted using fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), polar organic chemical integrative samplers, and polyethylene tube samplers. Freshwater mussel (Ligumia subrostrata)...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Abiotic concentration,
Biotic concentration,
Cape Cod,
Environmental Health,
Joint Base Cape Cod,
Locations of focused groundwater seepage to surface water are often hydrologically and ecologically important. Spatially focused or ‘preferential’ seepage can be identified as anomalous cold zones compared to warmer adjacent bank and surface water features (in summer). The temperature of deeper groundwater on Cape Cod is expected to approximate 11 °C year-round, yielding a relatively cold signature where groundwater emerges from the saturated sediment interface. Recent advances in thermal infrared imaging allow efficient real-time scanning for cold anomalies that may be associated with preferential seepage zones, and direct temperature measurements can be collected within the sediments of these zones to better capture...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Cape Cod,
Coonamessett River, Cape Cod, Massachusetts,
Groundwater,
Massachusetts,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
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