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The Fox River transports elevated loads of nitrogen and phosphorus to Lake Michigan. The increased concentration of N and P causes eutrophication of the lake, creating hypoxic zones and damaging the lake ecosystem.To decrease loading, best management practices (BMPs) have been implemented in the uplands of the basin. Little work has been done, however, to reduce nutrient concentrations in the river. Rivers are capable of removing nutrients through biotic uptake and sediment burial and are able to remove N through denitrification. Identifying and managing these locations of increased nutrient cycling known as “hot spots” may be another mechanism for nutrient mitigation.Our objective was to identify hot spots of N...
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Adult walleye (10 females and 10 males) were caught in Fox River (Wisconsin) during April 2014. Total length, weight, and age were determined for each of the walleye. Whole-fish homogenates were prepared during 2017. Lipid concentration and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener concentrations were determined in each of the homogenates during 2017-2018. For each sample, PCB congener concentrations were summed to yield total PCB concentration. All lipid and PCB congener terminations were made at the University of Michigan School of Public Health in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Microcystins (MC) are a class of cyanotoxins produced by many cyanobacteria taxa. Although toxic to metazoans, the evolution of microcystin pre-dates the appearance of metazoans, and so MC did not originate as a toxin to potential metazoan grazers. One hypothesized functional role of microcystin is the management and acquisition of metals, several of which form complexes with MC intracellularly. Metals are often used to build enzymes within the cell that allow cyanobacteria to use non-preferred nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) sources, such as nitrate, urea and organic P. If trace metals are in low supply, primary producers may become limited because of their inability to access these non-preferred N and P forms....
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Many taxa of North American unionid mussels are imperiled due to biofouling by invasive dreissenid mussels. Here, we report on biofouling rates of unionid mussels suspended in cages during the growing season in nearshore embayments in Lake Erie (2013-2016), Lake Michigan (Green Bay 2016, Grand Traverse Bay 2015) and Lake Huron (Saginaw Bay 2015). Mussels were deployed in early summer (late May or early June) and retrieved in late summer or fall (late August or early September). Wet weights were collected from mussels before and after removal of biofouling taxa (primarily dreissenid mussels).
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Adult walleye were caught in Fox River (Wisconsin) during April 2014. Age-0 walleye were caught in Fox River during October 2014. Total length, weight, age, and proportion of weight represented by water were determined for each of the walleye. Whole-fish homogenates were prepared during 2014-2015 and during 2017. Total mercury (HgT) concentration, methylmercury (MeHg) concentration, and mercury (Hg) isotope ratios were determined in the homogenates during 2014-2015 and during 2017-2018. All mercury determinations were made at the USGS Mercury Research Laboratory in Middleton, Wisconsin.
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Understanding the quantity and form of nutrient loading to large lakes is necessary to understand controls over primary production, phytoplankton community composition and the production of phytotoxins. Nutrient loading estimates to large lakes are primarily made at stream gages that are deliberately placed outside the direct influence of lake processes, but these estimates cannot take into account processes that occur in the biologically active river-to-lake transition zone. These transition zones (rivermouths) sometimes alter nutrient concentrations and ratios substantially, but few studies have directly measured processing rates of nutrients within rivermouths. From April through September 2016, we conducted...
    map background search result map search result map Fox River walleye mercury isotope data Polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in adult walleye from the Fox River (Wisconsin) population, 2014 Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Project 49 Fox River Basin 2016 and 2017 Data Water column nutrient processing rates in rivermouths of Green Bay, Lake Michigan: Data Biofouling and mussel growth from mussels deployed in Great Lakes embayments (2013-2016) Response of natural phytoplankton communities from Green Bay (Lake Michigan) and Maumee Bay (Lake Erie) to laboratory manipulations of nutrient and trace metal availability during late summer 2018 Fox River walleye mercury isotope data Polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in adult walleye from the Fox River (Wisconsin) population, 2014 Water column nutrient processing rates in rivermouths of Green Bay, Lake Michigan: Data Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Project 49 Fox River Basin 2016 and 2017 Data Response of natural phytoplankton communities from Green Bay (Lake Michigan) and Maumee Bay (Lake Erie) to laboratory manipulations of nutrient and trace metal availability during late summer 2018 Biofouling and mussel growth from mussels deployed in Great Lakes embayments (2013-2016)