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Data supporting Landsat time series assessment of invasive annual grasses following energy development To determine if invasive annual grasses increased around energy developments after the construction phase, we calculated an invasives index using Landsat TM and ETM+ imagery for a 34-year time period (1985-2018) and assessed trends for 1,755 wind turbines (from the U.S. Wind Turbine Database) installed between 1988 and 2013 in the southern California desert. The index uses the maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for early season greenness (January-June), and mean NDVI (July-October) for the later dry season. We estimated the relative cover of invasive annuals each year at turbine locations and control sites and tested for changes before and after each turbine was installed. These data were used... Categories: Data; Types: Downloadable, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service, Shapefile; Tags: California, California South, Google Earth Engine, Landsat, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, All tags... USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), desert ecosystems, ecology, energy development, energy resources, grassland ecosystems, grasslands, invasive species, nonindigenous species, time series, vegetation, wind energy, Fewer tags Identifying Historical Drivers of Vegetation Change to Inform Future Management of Federal Lands in the Northern Great Basin The sagebrush rangelands of the Great Basin provide crucial habitat for a diversity of wildlife, including the pronghorn and the greater sage-grouse. These water-limited, highly-managed ecosystems have already been degraded by wildfires, the expansion of invasive grasses, and livestock grazing, and are expected to experience additional stress as climate and land use conditions change. Effective management of sagebrush ecosystems in the future will require the ability to understand and predict these future changes. To address this need, researchers will identify historical rates and causes of vegetation change in shrubland ecosystems, then use this information to develop potential future climate and land use scenarios... Categories: Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2018, CASC, Completed, Landsat, Landscapes, All tags... Landscapes, Landscapes, Northwest, Northwest, Northwest CASC, Other Landscapes, Other Landscapes, Projects by Region, Projects by Region, Shrubland, climate change, disturbance, fire, grazing, projected change, recovery, sagebrush, Fewer tags Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity Thematic Burn Severity Mosaic (ver. 7.0, January 2024) (Under Revision) Note: this data release is currently being revised and is temporarily unavailable. The Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) Program assesses the frequency, extent, and magnitude (size and severity) of all large wildland fires (wildfires and prescribed fires) in the conterminous United States (CONUS), Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico for the period 1984 and beyond. All fires reported as greater than 1,000 acres in the western U.S. and greater than 500 acres in the eastern U.S. are mapped across all ownerships. MTBS produces a series of geospatial and tabular data for analysis at a range of spatial, temporal, and thematic scales and are intended to meet a variety of information needs that require consistent data... Categories: Data Release - Revised, Data Release - Under Revision; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: AK, Alaska, Burn severity, Burned area, CONUS, All tags... Continental U.S., Differenced normalized burn ratio, Fire location, Fire occurrence, HI, Hawaii, Landsat, Location, MTBS, Normalized burn ratio, PR, Prescribed fire, Puerto Rico, Sentinel, US, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), United States, Wildfire, Wildland fire, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, Fewer tags Implementation of a Surface Water Extent Model using Cloud-Based Remote Sensing - Code and Maps This data release comprises the raster data files and code necessary to perform all analyses presented in the associated publication. The 16 TIF raster data files are classified surface water maps created using the Dynamic Surface Water Extent (DSWE) model implemented in Google Earth Engine using published technical documents. The 16 tiles cover the country of Cambodia, a flood-prone country in Southeast Asia lacking a comprehensive stream gauging network. Each file includes 372 bands. Bands represent surface water for each month from 1988 to 2018, and are stacked from oldest (Band 1 - January 1988) to newest (Band 372 - December 2018). DSWE classifies pixels unobscured by cloud, cloud shadow, or snow into five... Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Cambodia, Dynamic Surface Water Extent, Geography, Hydrology, Inundation, All tags... Landsat, Remote Sensing, Southeast Asia, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), environment, flooding, inland waterways, inlandWaters, surface water (non-marine), Fewer tags County-level maps of cropland surface water inundation measured from Landsat and MODIS This dataset represents a summary of potential cropland inundation for the state of California applying high-frequency surface water map composites derived from two satellite remote sensing platforms (Landsat and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer [MODIS]) with high-quality cropland maps generated by the California Department of Water Resources (DWR). Using Google Earth Engine, we examined inundation dynamics in California croplands from 2003 –2020 by intersecting monthly surface water maps (n=216 months) with mapped locations of precipitation amounts, rice, field, truck (which comprises truck, nursery, and berry crops), deciduous (deciduous fruits and nuts), citrus (citrus and subtropical), vineyards,... Categories: Data; Types: Downloadable, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service, Shapefile; Tags: California, Geography, Hydrology, Landsat, MODIS, All tags... Remote Sensing, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), agricultural sites, agriculture, controlled flooding, farming, floods, hazard preparedness, image collections, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, irrigation, multispectral imaging, Fewer tags Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity and Burn Severity Portal – a clearing house of fire severity and extent information The various post-fire data products available on the Burn Severity Portal are produced using satellite imagery. The timing of the satellite imagery used, relative to the fire event, typically depends on the vegetation type and structure where the fire occurred. Each mapping program produces a suite of data products based on user intended user needs. For more information about each of the programs, please refer to each area individually. Requests are made for burn severity assessments through an agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to be completed by analysts with the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) Program. The MTBS Program assesses the frequency, extent, and magnitude (size and severity) of... Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: MTBS, burn severity, burned area, differenced normalized burn ratio, fire location, All tags... fire occurrence, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, landsat, location, normalized burn ratio, prescribed fire, sentinel, wildfire, wildland fire, Fewer tags Contemporary fire history metrics for the conterminous United States (1984-2023) (ver. 3.0, April 2024) Fire history metrics enable rapidly increasing amounts of burned area data to be collapsed into a handful of data layers that can be used efficiently by diverse stakeholders. In this effort, the U.S. Geological Survey's Landsat Burned Area product was used to identify burned area across CONUS over a 40-year period (1984-2023). The Landsat BA product was consolidated into a suite of annual BA products, which in-turn were used to calculate a series of contemporary fire history metrics (30 m resolution). Fire history metrics included: (1) fire frequency (FRQ), (2) time since last burn (TSLB) and (3) year of last burn (YLB), (4) longest fire-free interval (LFFI), and (5) average fire interval length (FIL). All metrics... Categories: Data, Data Release - Revised; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Landsat, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), United States, burned area, fire frequency, All tags... fire regime, fire return interval, historic fire, land ownership, wildland fire, Fewer tags Alaska Moose Habitat Mapping Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge (YKF NWR) and Koyukuk NWR (KUK NWR), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), initiated a project with the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center to acquire map products needed for moose habitat assessment. The objective of this work was to create a suite of products which included: Estimated Vegetation Heights, probability of Willow Estimates, and Vegetation Type Maps. These products are based on spectral characteristics found in bands 2 through 7 of Landsat 8 OLI scenes processed to surface reflectance, acquired in summer of 2013, and late winter of 2014. Training data was collected by fixed wing aircraft and helicopter by USFWS refuge staff,... Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Alaska, Landsat, Probability of willow, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Yukon Flats NWR, All tags... Yukon Flats NWR, habitat, moose, Fewer tags Land Cover Trends Dataset, 2000-2011 These data were released prior to the October 1, 2016 effective date for the USGS’s policy dictating the review, approval, and release of scientific data as referenced in USGS Survey Manual Chapter 502.8 Fundamental Science Practices: Review and Approval of Scientific Data for Release. U.S. Geological Survey scientists, funded by the Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program, developed a dataset of 2006 and 2011 land use and land cover (LULC) information for selected 100-km2 sample blocks within 29 EPA Level 3 ecoregions across the conterminous United States. The data was collected for validation of new and existing national scale LULC datasets developed from remotely sensed data sources. The... Categories: pre-SM502.8; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Landsat, Level III Ecoregions, Omernik Ecoregions, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), United States, All tags... land change, land cover, land cover trends, land use, Fewer tags ECCOE 2021 Surface Reflectance Validation Dataset Scientists and engineers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS) Cal/Val Center of Excellence (ECCOE) collected in situ measurements using field spectrometers to support the validation of surface reflectance products derived from Earth observing remote sensing imagery. Data provided in this data release were collected during selected Earth observing satellite overpasses and tests during the months of May through November 2021. These data were collected at six field sites during 2021. These field sites included South Dakota State University (SDSU) Research Park in Brookings, SD, near the Brookings Airport in Brookings, SD, a private land holding in Sanborn County,... Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Arizona, Brookings, California, Coconino National Forest, Edwards Air Force Base, All tags... Field Spectrometer, Guymon, Landsat, Landsat 8, Landsat 9, Landsat Level 2, Moneta, Oklahoma, Remote Sensing, Sanborn County, South Dakota, South Dakota State University Research Park, Surface Reflectance, Surface Reflectance Validation, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Wyoming, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, Fewer tags LCMAP Reference Data Product 1984-2018 land cover, land use and change process attributes (ver. 1.2, November 2021) This product contains plot location data in a .shp format as well as annual land cover, land use, and change process variables for each reference data plot in a separate .csv table. The same information available in the.csv file is also provided in a .xlsx format. The LCMAP Reference Data Product was utilized for evaluation and validation of the Land Change Monitoring, Assessment, and Projection (LCMAP) land cover and land cover change products. The LCMAP Reference Data Product includes the collection of an independent dataset of 25,000 randomly-distributed 30-meter by 30-meter plots across the conterminous United States (CONUS). This dataset was collected via manual image interpretation to aid in validation of... Categories: Data Release - Revised; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Conterminous United States (CONUS), Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, LCMAP, Land Use/ Land Cover, Landsat, All tags... USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), land use and land cover change, landcover change, Fewer tags Actual Evapotranspiration at Landsat scale for CONUS from 2010-2019 The estimation and mapping of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) is an active area of applied research in the fields of agriculture and water resources. Thermal remote sensing-based methods, using coarse resolution satellites, have been successful at estimating ETa over the conterminous United States (CONUS) and other regions of the world. In this study, we present CONUS-wide ETa from Landsat thermal imagery-using the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform. Over 150,000 Landsat satellite images were used to produce 10 years of annual ETa (2010-2019). The accuracy assessment of the SSEBop results included point-based evaluation using monthly... Types: Data, GeoTIFF, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Conterminous United States (CONUS), Google Earth Engine, Hydrology, Land Use Change, Landsat, All tags... Remote Sensing, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), basin analysis, eddy covariance, evapotranspiration, remote sensing, water balance, Fewer tags Normalized Difference Index (NDX) Mosaic Composite for SALCC Salt Marshes Data set includes a mosaic of multiple Landsat 8 OLI sensor path/row combinations for May 14, 17, and 19, 2014 covering the South Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative (SALCC) geography between extreme northeastern North Carolina (including Back Bay, VA-NC) south through Sapelo I., GA. The imagery was acquired as georeferenced, calibrated digital data. Water and upland masking used NIR thresholds, CCAP land cover, and LiDAR DEMs. The image composite includes three normalized difference indces useful for marsh classification and monitoring, including: 1) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), 2) Normalized Difference Water Index (NDSI), and 3) Normalied Difference Soil Index (NDSI). The NDX bands were... Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Complete, Data, Data.gov South Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative, Georgia, LCC Network Science Catalog, All tags... Landsat, Normalized Difference Indices, North Carolina, South Carolina Coastal, environment, environment, image collections, multispectral imaging, product, wetlands, Fewer tags North American River Width Data Set (NARWidth v.0.1) NARWidth v.0.1 contains 6.7 million georeferenced measurements of river width at mean discharge >=30 m and an additional 1.3 million flagged width measurements of reservoirs and lakes that are connected to the fluvial network. The data set includes measurements of rivers above 60°N, where high-quality river centerline and width data are largely unavailable, but excludes very large lakes (e.g., the Great Lakes), ephemeral streams, deltaic systems, and human-made canals. Additionally, NARWidth includes a braiding index field, defined as the number of channels at each river cross section. The braiding index only includes river channels wider than 30 m, a limitation imposed by the spatial resolution of Landsat imagery.... Categories: Data; Types: ArcGIS REST Map Service, ArcGIS Service Definition, Downloadable, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Landsat, NARWidth, North American Rivers, River width, hydrology Land Change Monitoring, Assessment, and Projection (LCMAP) Version 1.0 Annual Land Cover and Land Cover Change Validation Tables A validation assessment of Land Cover Monitoring, Assessment, and Projection Version 1 annual land cover products (1985–2017) for the Conterminous United States was conducted with an independently collected reference data set. Reference data land cover attributes were assigned by trained interpreters for each year of the time series (1984–2018) to a reference sample of 24,971 randomly-selected Landsat resolution (30m x 30m) pixels. The interpreted land cover attributes were crosswalked to the LCMAP annual land cover classes: Developed, Cropland, Grass/Shrub, Tree Cover, Wetland, Water, Ice/Snow and Barren. Validation analysis directly compared reference labels with annual LCMAP land cover map attributes by cross... Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: LCMAP, Land Change Monitoring, Assessment, and Projection, Land Use Change, Landsat, Remote Sensing, All tags... USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), United States, environment, image analysis, land use and land cover, land use change, location, time series datasets, Fewer tags Forcing and Normalizing Operation (FANO) method for the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) ET model We developed an improved approach to the parameterization of the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model using the Forcing and Normalizing Operation (FANO). The FANO parameterization was implemented on two computing platforms using Landsat and gridded meteorological datasets: 1) Google Earth Engine (GEE) and 2) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center Science Processing Architecture (ESPA). Evaluation was conducted by comparing modeled actual evapotranspiration (ETa) estimates with AmeriFlux Eddy Covariance (EC) and water balance ETa from level-8 Hydrologic Unit Code sub-basins in the conterminous United States for five water-years (Oct-Sep; 2009, 2011, 2013, 2016, 2018). The results... Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: CONUS, Consumptive Use, Evapotranspiration, Hydrology, Landsat, All tags... Remote Sensing, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Water Resources, Water Use, Fewer tags Inventory data of rock avalanches in the Saint Elias Mountains of southeast Alaska, derived from Landsat imagery (1984-2019) Glacial retreat and mountain-permafrost degradation resulting from rising global temperatures have the potential to impact the frequency and magnitude of landslides in glaciated environments. In the Saint Elias Mountains of southeast Alaska, the presence of weak sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and active uplift resulting from the collision of the Yakutat and North American tectonic plates create landslide-prone conditions (Winkler et al., 2000). We used Landsat imagery to create an inventory of large (>0.1 square km) rock avalanches that occurred along the south flank of the Saint Elias Mountains between 1984 and 2019 as a baseline for present and future changes in landslide magnitude and frequency. This data... Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Climatology, Geomorphology, Glaciology, Hydrology, Remote Sensing, All tags... Southeast Alaska, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska, climate, climate change, geomorphology, inventory, landsat, landslide, landslide, landslide inventory, remote sensing, rock avalanche, rock avalanche, Fewer tags Annual Water-Year SSEBop Landsat 30-meter Actual Evapotranspiration (ETa) rasters for 5 years between 2009-2018 using the Forcing and Normalizing Operation CONUS-wide annual water-year actual ET (ETa) data using Landsat resolution satellite imagery from the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model (version 2.6) with the Forcing and Normalizing Operation (FANO) parameterization. Raster data products were generated for five (5) water-years (Oct-Sep; 2009, 2011, 2013, 2016, 2018). Data and metadata is provided for individual GeoTIFF tiles distributed in the UTM Zone in which it lies, available for each water-year. Categories: Data; Types: GeoTIFF, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Conterminous United States (CONUS), Evapotranspiration, Landsat, Water use Land Cover Assignments of 300 locations in the Pacific Northwest in 2000 Area estimates of land cover and land cover change are often based on reference class labels determined by analysts interpreting satellite imagery and aerial photography. Different interpreters may assign different reference class labels to the same sample unit. This dataset include land cover attributes for the year 2000 assigned by 7 image analysts, working independently of each other, to a set of 300 sample locations from a region of the Pacific Northwest of the United States. This data was used in an evaluation of the impact of interpreter variability on variance estimation. Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, LCMAP, Land Use Change, Land Use/ Land Cover, Landcover, All tags... Landsat, Pacific Northwest, Remote Sensing, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Fewer tags Land Change Monitoring, Assessment, and Projection (LCMAP) Collection 1.0 Annual Land Cover and Land Cover Change Validation Tables (2000–2019) for Hawaii A validation assessment of Land Cover Monitoring, Assessment, and Projection annual land cover products (2000–2019) for Hawaii was conducted with an independently collected reference data set. Reference data land cover attributes were assigned by trained interpreters for each year of the time series (2000–2019) to a reference sample of 600 Landsat resolution (30m x 30m) pixels. The interpreted land cover attributes were crosswalked to the LCMAP annual land cover classes: Developed, Cropland, Grass/Shrub, Tree Cover, Wetland, Water, Snow/Ice and Barren. Validation analysis directly compared reference labels with annual LCMAP land cover map attributes by cross tabulation. The results of that assessment are reported... Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: LCMAP, Land Change Monitoring, Assessment, and Projection, Land Use Change, Landsat, Remote Sensing, All tags... USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), environment, land cover and land use, land use change, time series data sets, Fewer tags