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With 204 GPS-collared mule deer, the Beulah-Malheur herd is one of the most extensively recorded mule deer herds in Oregon. Mule deer primarily winter along the Malheur River and the Stinkingwater Mountains, with some as far south as the Owyhee River. Winter ranges are covered by Artemisia tridentata (big sagebrush), grassland, and encroaching Juniperus occidentalis (western juniper). Although spatially dispersed, much of the Beulah-Malheur herd collectively migrates northwest to reach summer ranges across the upper elevations of the Malheur National Forest, Pedro Mountain, and Cottonwood Mountain. Primary summer range vegetation includes A. t. vaseyana (mountain big sagebrush), Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine),...
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The Lassen herd winters in lower elevations in the Secret Valley, Bull Flat, and the Five Springs Wilderness Study Area north of the Skedaddle Mountains and east of Shaffer Mountain, as well as in the Dry Valley Rim Wilderness Study Area. Summer ranges are spread out, with some individuals migrating north to the Madeline Plains and others heading west to Willow Creek Valley, Grasshopper Valley, and Eagle Lake (fig. XXX). An unknown portion of the herd are better characterized as residents. The primary threat to pronghorn in the Lassen herd is the conversion of perennial shrublands to exotic annual grasslands following wildfires. The 2012 Rush Fire burned 271,911 acres in Lassen County within the boundary of the...
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The Area 17-Toiyabe mule deer herd inhabits the Shoshone Mountains and Toiyabe Range, which run north to south in central Nevada (fig. 11). Mule deer from the Shoshone Mountains and Toiyabe Range are characterized by short distance migrations from high elevations above 7,874 ft (2,400 m), down to 5,577 ft (1,700 m). Since the 1920s, the lower elevation slopes east of Toiyabe Dome, between Wisconsin Creek and Broad Creek and locally known as Toiyabe bench, have been documented by the Nevada Department of Wildlife as crucial mule deer winter range. Because of the value of this habitat for mule deer, the BLM closed the area to domestic livestock grazing in 1983 (Nevada Department of Wildlife, 1985). In 2018, in collaboration...
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The Klamath Basin mule deer herd contains an estimated 10,775 deer and features a mix of resident and migratory animals. Most winter ranges are adjacent to the California border near Bly and Lost River, California, in areas featuring western juniper, low shrublands, and early shrub-tree habitat. In spring, these mule deer either migrate northwest to regional national forest lands or northeast past South Fork Sprague River. Summer ranges contain ponderosa pine, mixed-conifer, and early shrub-tree habitat along with alfalfa and other agricultural crops. Notably, one mule deer migrated southeast into California near Goose Lake in May 2019 and spent a year near Deadhorse Reservoir before returning to Oregon in November...
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South of Interstate 40 mule deer reside in Game Management Units (GMU) 8 and 6B in Arizona. The herd summers in high-elevation open meadows and ponderosa pine habitat southwest of Flagstaff, Arizona. In late October, the herd migrates west to lower elevation pinyon-juniper and shrub habitats near the junction of Interstate 40 and U.S. Highway 89. With funding support by the U.S. Department of the Interior (USDI) through Secretarial Order 3362, research on this herd’s migration began in February 2020. Additional GPS collars were deployed in January 2022 with support from the U.S. Forest Service, Mule Deer Foundation, and other partners. Primary threats to the herd’s migration involve high volume roads including Interstate...
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South of Interstate 40 mule deer reside in Game Management Units (GMU) 8 and 6B in Arizona. The herd summers in high-elevation open meadows and ponderosa pine habitat southwest of Flagstaff, Arizona. In late October, the herd migrates west to lower elevation pinyon-juniper and shrub habitats near the junction of Interstate 40 and U.S. Highway 89. With funding support by the U.S. Department of the Interior (USDI) through Secretarial Order 3362, research on this herd’s migration began in February 2020. Additional GPS collars were deployed in January 2022 with support from the U.S. Forest Service, Mule Deer Foundation, and other partners. Primary threats to the herd’s migration involve high volume roads including Interstate...
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The Grizzly Flat herd winters in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada near Grizzly Flats, California. The winter range includes conifer, vineyards, and oak woodland that is shared with a resident portion of the herd on a mix of private and public lands. In the spring, the Grizzly Flat herd migrates east to higher elevation terrain in the El Dorado National Forest, staying south of Interstate 50 and primarily north of U.S. Highway 88, to the crest of the Sierra Nevada. The summer range contains primarily mixed conifer opening up to high alpine granite near the crest of the Sierra Nevada. Although the population size of the Grizzly Flat herd is unknown due to limited surveys, it is considered stable to declining,...
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The Kern River deer herd includes primarily California mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus californicus), but some Inyo mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus inyoensis) associate with California mule deer on the summer range. The population size peaked at 11,000 individuals in 1949, but in recent decades numbers have decreased to an estimated 3,500 deer in 1995 and 2,000 deer in 2001. The population size estimate is now, conservatively, approximately 4,000 individuals owing primarily to habitat expansion by the 2001 McNally Fire (California Department of Fish and Wildlife unpublished data). The Kern River herd winters in Sequoia National Forest north of Johnsondale and east of Slate Mountain. In the spring, they migrate northward...
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This small herd of elk is steadily establishing themselves in the Greater Little Mountain Ecosystem in southwestern Wyoming. Elk in this system occupy some of the most arid seasonal ranges in the state, which contrast with the more forested habitat that elk typically occupy in Wyoming. The herd is small but growing, with 920 animals counted during trend surveys in 2020. The habitat is a mix of broad valleys dominated by sagebrush habitat, with aspen, mountain shrubs, and pinyon juniper at higher elevations. Elk in this system are not strongly migratory, although there is a clear pattern to their seasonal movements, with winter ranges in the lower elevation habitat just east of Flaming Gorge Reservoir, and summer...
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The Colockum elk herd inhabits a mix of public and private lands northeast of Ellensburg between Blewett Pass of the Cascade Range and west of the Columbia River (fig. 35). The population ranges between 4,000 and 5,000 animals and is partially migratory, with individuals displaying a mix of resident (63 percent of analyzed individuals) and migratory (34 percent of analyzed individuals) behaviors. During winter, many elk inhabit grassland, sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush, and ponderosa pine habitats in the Whiskey Dick, Quilomene, and Colockum Wildlife Areas and the eastern reaches of the Naneum State Forest. As spring green up of vegetation nears, migratory elk travel northwest toward summer ranges in the Wenatchee...
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The Area 17-Toiyabe mule deer herd inhabits the Shoshone Mountains and Toiyabe Range, which run north to south in central Nevada (fig. 11). Mule deer from the Shoshone Mountains and Toiyabe Range are characterized by short distance migrations from high elevations above 7,874 ft (2,400 m), down to 5,577 ft (1,700 m). Since the 1920s, the lower elevation slopes east of Toiyabe Dome, between Wisconsin Creek and Broad Creek and locally known as Toiyabe bench, have been documented by the Nevada Department of Wildlife as crucial mule deer winter range. Because of the value of this habitat for mule deer, the BLM closed the area to domestic livestock grazing in 1983 (Nevada Department of Wildlife, 1985). In 2018, in collaboration...
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The Mount Dome pronghorn herd contains a mixture of residents and short distance, elevation-based migrants, but this herd does not migrate between traditional summer and winter seasonal ranges. Instead, much of the herd displays a somewhat nomadic migratory tendency, slowly moving up or down elevational gradients. Long distance movements from this herd are rare since it is largely surrounded by geographical and anthropogenic features with low permeability to movement. Some individuals used higher elevation areas throughout the summer, though this pattern was not ubiquitous. Therefore, annual home ranges were modeled using year-round data to demarcate high use areas (fig. XXX). Drought, increasing fire frequency,...
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The Bucks Mountain-Mooretown mule deer herd winters in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada. The winter range includes vernal pool grassland, oak woodland, and dense conifer that is shared with a resident portion of the herd on a mix of public and private lands. In the spring, the Bucks Mountain-Mooretown herd migrates along the U.S. Highway 70 corridor and high-elevation locations of the Sierra Nevada east and south to higher elevation terrain in the Plumas National Forest east of the Sierra Nevada near Quincy and La Porte, California. The summer range is primarily mixed conifer opening up to high alpine granite near the crest, and transitioning to a mix of conifer and shrub on the eastern side of the Sierra...
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The Bucks Mountain-Mooretown mule deer herd winters in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada. The winter range includes vernal pool grassland, oak woodland, and dense conifer that is shared with a resident portion of the herd on a mix of public and private lands. In the spring, the Bucks Mountain-Mooretown herd migrates along the U.S. Highway 70 corridor and high-elevation locations of the Sierra Nevada east and south to higher elevation terrain in the Plumas National Forest east of the Sierra Nevada near Quincy and La Porte, California. The summer range is primarily mixed conifer opening up to high alpine granite near the crest, and transitioning to a mix of conifer and shrub on the eastern side of the Sierra...
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The Kern River deer herd includes primarily California mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus californicus), but some Inyo mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus inyoensis) associate with California mule deer on the summer range. The population size peaked at 11,000 individuals in 1949, but in recent decades numbers have decreased to an estimated 3,500 deer in 1995 and 2,000 deer in 2001. The population size estimate is now, conservatively, approximately 4,000 individuals owing primarily to habitat expansion by the 2001 McNally Fire (California Department of Fish and Wildlife unpublished data). The Kern River herd winters in Sequoia National Forest north of Johnsondale and east of Slate Mountain. In the spring, they migrate northward...
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The Salt Springs herd winters in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada predominantly on private property from Tylers Corner south to Sheep Ranch. The summer range is in high-elevation terrain near Lower Bear River Reservoir and Salt Springs Reservoir. The winter range consists of mainly oak woodland habitat and the summer range includes primarily mixed conifer opening up to high alpine granite near the crest of the Sierra Nevada. The population size is unknown due to limited data. This GPS collaring project was designed as part of a region-wide effort to obtain abundance estimates for deer using fecal DNA and home range analyses, with pinpointing migration routes and identifying winter ranges a secondary priority....
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The Selkirk White-tailed Deer Management Zone (WDMZ) is home to the largest population of white-tailed deer in the state and consists of seven Game Management Units (GMU; GMUs 105, 108, 111, 113, 117, 121, and 124) located in northeast Washington. Aside from the southern portion of GMU 124, dominated by the metropolitan area of Spokane, Washington, most of these GMUs have similar rural characteristics. Private landowners manage most of the Selkirk WDMZ (77 percent), primarily for commercial timber harvest. The U.S. Forest Service manages 16 percent of the land, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Natural Resources, and Bureau of Land Management manage the remaining 7 percent. White-tailed deer...
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The Crow Mesa Mule Deer Study was initiated in 2019 to identify the seasonal movement and distribution patterns of mule deer in the eastern half of Game Management Unit (GMU) 2C. This GPS study builds on nearby studies of mule deer and elk conducted by the Bureau of Land Management, the Southern Ute Tribe, the Jicarilla Apache Nation, and the New Mexico Department of Fish and Game. Migration corridors extended 20 to 75 miles from the winter ranges in GMU 2C to various summer ranges northeast to the Carson National Forest near Chama, and southeast to the San Pedro Parks Wilderness in the Santa Fe National Forest. The Crow Mesa herd relies largely on winter ranges administered by the Bureau of Land Management, where...
map background search result map search result map Arizona Mule Deer South of I 40 Corridors Arizona Mule Deer South of I 40 Routes California Mule Deer Bucks Mountain-Mooretown Corridors California Mule Deer Bucks Mountain-Mooretown Stopovers California Mule Deer Grizzly Flat Routes California Mule Deer Kern River Corridors California Mule Deer Kern River Routes California Mule Deer Salt Springs Stopovers New Mexico Mule Deer Crow Mesa/2C Routes Washington White-Tailed Deer Selkirk Corridors Wyoming Elk South Rock Springs Routes California Pronghorn Lassen Migration Routes California Pronghorn Mount Dome Annual Range Nevada Mule Deer Area 17-Toiyabe Migration Stopovers Nevada Mule Deer Area 17-Toiyabe Winter Range Oregon Mule Deer Beulah-Malheur Stopovers Oregon Mule Deer Klamath Basin Migration Corridors Washington Elk Colockum Migration Corridors California Pronghorn Mount Dome Annual Range Nevada Mule Deer Area 17-Toiyabe Migration Stopovers Nevada Mule Deer Area 17-Toiyabe Winter Range California Mule Deer Salt Springs Stopovers California Mule Deer Bucks Mountain-Mooretown Stopovers California Mule Deer Bucks Mountain-Mooretown Corridors California Mule Deer Grizzly Flat Routes Arizona Mule Deer South of I 40 Routes Arizona Mule Deer South of I 40 Corridors California Mule Deer Kern River Routes California Mule Deer Kern River Corridors Washington Elk Colockum Migration Corridors California Pronghorn Lassen Migration Routes Wyoming Elk South Rock Springs Routes Washington White-Tailed Deer Selkirk Corridors New Mexico Mule Deer Crow Mesa/2C Routes Oregon Mule Deer Klamath Basin Migration Corridors Oregon Mule Deer Beulah-Malheur Stopovers