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PROBLEM The valley‐fill aquifer in the lower Fall Creek valley (designated as aquifer 4, fig. 1), within the Towns of Dryden and Groton, was mapped by Miller (2000) and identified as one of 17 unconsolidated aquifers in Tompkins County that need to be studied in more detail. The east end of the valley (near the Tompkins and Cortland County border) is on the backside of a large morainal plug, which is part of the Valley Heads Moraine. A large system of springs discharge from the backside of the moraine and forms part of the headwaters to Fall Creek. The valley‐fill aquifer thins and pinches out to the west (figs. 1 and 2)— where the valley is floored by bedrock and becomes a “hanging valley” to Cayuga Lake trough....
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Problem The Village of Dryden, rural homeowners, farms, and businesses in the Virgil Creek Valley tap several confined sand and gravel aquifers in the Virgil Creek valley in the town of Dryden . The valley contains a large moraine with complex stratigraphy consisting of continuous and discontinuous layers of till, lake deposits, and glaciofluvial sand and gravel. Sand and gravel units form the aquifers in the valley-fill deposits. There are at least three extensive confined aquifer units at various depths. However, little is known about (1) the location of recharge and discharge areas, (2) direction of groundwater flow, (3) extent of hydraulic connection between aquifer units, and (4) extent of surface- and ground-water...
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Title IV has been successful in reducing emissions of SO2 and NOx from power generation to the levels set by Congress. In fact, by 2009, SO2 emissions from power plants were already 3.25 million tons lower than the final 2010 cap level of 8.95 million tons, and NOx emissions were 6.1 million tons less than the projected level in 2000 without the ARP, or more than triple the Title IV NOx emission-reduction objective. As a result of these emission reductions, air quality has improved, providing significant human health benefits, and acid deposition has decreased to the extent that some acid-sensitive areas are beginning to show signs of recovery. Current emission reductions and the passage of time, which is needed...
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BACKGROUND Long Island Sound has 600 miles of coastline and there are over 23 million people living within 50 miles of its shores. In response to water-quality issues and nitrogen pollution in the Sound, Congress created the Long Island Sound Study (LISS) in 1985. LISS is a partnership of federal, state, and local government agencies, private organizations and educational institutions working together to restore and protect the Sound. The USGS New England and New York Water Science Centers are partners in the LISS. These organizations also have historical and ongoing work with other partners in the LISS study region. Although historically the focus of LISS has been on water quality issues, a “Sustainable and Resilient...
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The Appalachian Trail (AT), a 14-state footpath from Maine to Georgia, is a unit of the National Park Service that is cooperatively managed and maintained by the National Park Service (NPS), the Appalachian Trail Conservancy, AT Club volunteers, the USDA Forest Service, and other public land-management agencies. Upper elevation and ridge-top ecosystems, which comprise much of the trail corridor, have been impacted by and remain extremely sensitive to acidic deposition. Ridgetop soils that are often low in calcium make the ecosystems of the AT more sensitive to acidic deposition than other ecosystems. Furthermore, upper elevations tend to receive the highest levels of deposition. In areas along the AT, such...
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Summary: This study aims to do a thorough analysis of trends in peak streamflows on Long Island. Reliable information about the magnitude and frequency of floods is essential for flood insurance studies, flood-plain management, and the design of transportation and water-conveyance infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, culverts, dams, and levees. Federal, State, regional, and local officials need peak flow information to effectively plan and manage land use and water resources, protect lives and property in flood-prone areas, and determine flood-insurance rates, particularly in densely populated urban areas. Long Island is a regional economic driver which has experienced public health and safety issues due to extreme...
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Summary: Extreme flooding can threaten life and property in flood-prone areas, as well as cause damage to critical infrastructure along roadways and canals. The effective management of these areas, and appropriate design of structures along rivers and streams, relies on understanding the magnitude and frequency of floods at gaged locations, and the ability to estimate these data at ungaged streams. Peak flow analysis and development of regional regression equations to estimate peak flow frequency and magnitude for New York have not been updated using any new data collected since 1999 (Lumia, 2006). As more data and newer technology have become available there is a need to update these data. The updated regression...
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Problem - Plastic debris pollution in freshwater ecosystems is becoming a major ecosystem and public health concern. Plastic pollution is now identified as the most abundant anthropogenic debris and it is found throughout all marine environments, comprising 60-80% of all floating debris (Eriksen et al., 2013). This debris can have a lasting effect on marine life through ingestion or entanglement (Laist, 1987). Recent studies in small tributaries and freshwater environments (Baldwin, 2016) indicate microplastic pollution is pervasive across all hydrologic environments. Mike Antidormi using a net sampler to collect a microplastic sample Microscope used for size, colors, and count for microplastics analyisis...
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Problem Sediment transport is a serious concern in the upper Esopus Creek watershed. The creek is a well-documented source of sediment and turbidity to the Ashokan Reservoir, which is part of the New York City water supply system. During the last 2 decades there has been a series of stream stabilization and sediment reduction projects completed in the upper Esopus Creek watershed intended to reduce the suspended sediment load and turbidity levels delivered to the reservoir. During the last 7 years there has been a concerted effort to measure the effect of these projects on turbidity and suspended sediment. There is currently a large, long-term turbidity and suspended sediment study underway within the upper Esopus...
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BACKGROUND Chemistry data from a group of Adirondack lakes monitored since the mid-1990s indicate that chemical recovery is currently underway and can be attributed to declining deposition loads of sulfate and nitrate in direct response to the 1990 amendment to the Clean Air Act (CAA) and other regulations. Changes in the water quality of several western Adirondack streams suggest that chemical recovery from acidification is underway as well, while data from recent large-scale stream surveys also support the assertion. Changes in stream chemistry, however, appear to be more complicated than changes in lake chemistry. The pH levels in Buck Creek, for example, have changed very little since the 1990s but dissolved...
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Background Watersheds of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) receive high levels of acid deposition resulting from atmospheric emissions of nitrogen and sulfur oxides. Acidic deposition has been shown to reduce acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) and calcium concentrations and increase acidity and aluminum concentrations in soils and surface waters and affect forest health as well as fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages across the GRSM. In fact, 12 streams on the Tennessee-side of the GRSM National Park are listed on the Clean Water Act’s 303d list of impaired surface waters for failing the pH standard (<6.0) as a result of atmospheric deposition of air pollutants (mainly nitrogen and sulfur). In the...
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Problem Statement There are over 1.3 million residents in Nassau County that rely on groundwater as their sole source of potable drinking water. The mixed land uses (residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, and recreational) of Nassau County contribute point and non-point sources of aquifer contamination. Nassau County water purveyors currently operate supply wells screened in the upper glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers. The protection and long-term sustainability of all three aquifers are vital concerns for the Nassau County Department of Public Works (NCDPW). Monitoring of groundwater for contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) associated with mixed land uses within these aquifers is necessary for...
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Problem: Dissolved volatile-organic compounds (VOCs), including trichloroethylene (TCE), have been identified in a sole-source aquifer near the former Northrop Grumman Bethpage facility and Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant (NWIRP) in Nassau County, N.Y. The Northrop Grumman Bethpage facility and NWIRP are listed as Class II inactive hazardous waste disposal sites (Site Nos. HW130003A and HW130003B respectively) on the New York State registry of Inactive Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites. Past investigations have documented that the groundwater contamination originated from these two sites and now extends nearly four miles to the south; in the direction of groundwater flow. During 2019, a groundwater-flow model...
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Objective: The USGS New York Water Science Center (NYWSC) works with other Federal agencies as well as with State, municipal, and tribal agencies to provide research and data about water-related issues. Relevance and Impact: The NYWSC leads the scientific and water-resources management communities by providing high-quality, timely, and unbiased scientific data, reports, and other information that are widely accessible and understandable and that benefit science interests of all levels of government, academia, nongovernmental organizations, the private sector, and the general public. Statement of Problem: The NYWSC studies the effects of weather, climate, and manmade influences on groundwater levels, streamflow (discharge),...
Categories: Data, Project; Types: Downloadable, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, Shapefile; Tags: Beach and Barrier Dynamics, Beach and Barrier Dynamics, Beach and Barrier dynamics, Coastal Science, Coastal Science, All tags...
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Problem Dissolved oxygen (DO) is an important indicator of water quality that until recently has been cost-prohibitive to monitor extensively in both space and time. Continuous water-quality data, particularly in coastal environments with bidirectional tidal flow, is necessary for resource managers to understand the dynamic changes in water quality that occur tidally, daily, seasonally, and during aperiodic events. In the estuaries surrounding Long Island, such events may include wastewater treatment plant failures, harmful algal blooms, and extreme weather. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has extensive experience with continuous water-quality monitoring at fixed locations along the coast that provides valuable...
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Problem - Increasing development within the Shenandoah Valley in recent years has placed additional demands on the region’s water resources. The sedimentary rocks in the Valley have been compressed and folded by tectonic forces to form a 5-km deep basin. Ground water, a principal component of the available water supply, flows through fractures in the sedimentary and crystalline rocks that underlie the Valley. Bedding fractures in the rocks are angled downward along the dip of the folds, allowing ground water to penetrate deeply below land surface—fresh water is obtained from wells over 800 ft deep in the Valley. Objectives - Develop a ground-water-flow model to simulate movement of ground water and estimate the...
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Purpose and Scope The Natural Resources Department of the Bad River Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Odanah, Wisconsin has requested assistance with compiling existing mercury (Hg) concentration data from measurements in a variety of environmental media in an effort to evaluate risks to ecosystem and human health and to identify key data gaps that could be addressed through future sampling. These data include Hg concentrations in fish, frogs, otters, birds, wild rice, the atmosphere, surface water, and sediment. The purpose of this proposed study is to compile existing Hg data collected by the Bad River Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, evaluate the potential risks to humans and to local ecosystems, and to recommend...
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This project provides a regional assessment of sugar maple health and associated soil conditions in the Adirondack Region of New York, where sugar maple are a major component of the forest. The focus of the study is to develop an improved understanding of relationships among watershed characteristics, soil chemistry, and acidic deposition effects on sugar maple trees and other tree species that grow in association with sugar maple, which are one of the most highly valued tree species in the northeast. Project results are therefore important for the management of sugar maple in the Adirondack region where acidic deposition has lowered the nutritional status of soils by depleting calcium, a key nutrient for trees.Purpose...
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Problem Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasingly a global concern because HABs pose a threat to human and ecosystem health and cause economic damages. HABs are a concern in waterbodies used for drinking-water supply and recreation in New York State. Toxins produced by some species of cyanobacteria (called cyanotoxins) can cause acute and chronic illnesses in humans. Aquatic ecosystem health also is affected by cyanotoxins, as well as low dissolved oxygen concentrations and changes in aquatic food webs caused by an over-abundance of cyanobacteria. Cyanobacterial HABs are typically considered to be a symptom of eutrophication. However, oligotrophic lakes worldwide, including those in the Adirondack Region of...
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Problem - Several supply wells in Oswego County were evaluated by the USGS in 1999 by using stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes and chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) age dating techniques. For two municipal well sites (the Villages of Sandy Creek and Lacona, and the Village of Pulaski) that tap a shallow, unconfined aquifer (typically 20-50 ft thick) there were significant discrepancies between ground-water recharge ages determined by chemical data and those determined by ground-water-flow models developed by independent studies. The significant discrepancies between the times of travel of ground water as determined by numerical ground-water-flow modeling and geochemical dating techniques in Oswego County need to be understood...
map background search result map search result map Ground-water-flow model of the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and West Virginia Continuous and Spatially Distributed Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring in Long Island Estuaries in Support of Coastal Resource Management. National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program Report to Congress 2011: An Integrated Assessment Effects of acid-base chemistry on biology of streams in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park Appalachian Trail MEGA-Transect Atmospheric Deposition Effects Study Assessment of sugar maple health and associated soil conditions in the Adirondack Region of New York Hydrogeology of the Virgil Creek Valley in the Town of Dryden, Tompkins County, New York Hydrogeology of Two Areas of the Tug Hill Glacial-drift Aquifer, Oswego County, New York New York Water Science Center Data Program Compilation of Mercury Data and Associated Risk to Human and Ecosystem Health, Bad River Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Upper Esopus Creek Tributary Bedload Pilot Study Groundwater-Quality of Nassau County, Long Island, New York Mohawk Microplastics Analysis of Factors Affecting Plume Remediation in a Sole-Source Aquifer System, Nassau County, New York (Northrup Grumman Plume) An Analysis of Trends in the Magnitude of Floods in Urbanized Watersheds on Long Island, New York Documenting Biological Recovery in Acidified Adirondack Streams in Response to the 1990 Amendment to the Clean Air Act Cyanobacterial Occurrence and Bloom Development in Oligotrophic Adirondack Lakes Geohydrology of the Valley‐fill Aquifer in the Lower Fall Creek Valley, Town of Dryden, Tompkins County, New York Methods for Estimation Flood Magnitude and Frequency at Ungaged Streams in New York, excluding Long Island Assessment of compound flood risk from the combined effects of sea level rise on storm surge, tidal and groundwater flooding, and stormwater Analysis of Factors Affecting Plume Remediation in a Sole-Source Aquifer System, Nassau County, New York (Northrup Grumman Plume) Hydrogeology of the Virgil Creek Valley in the Town of Dryden, Tompkins County, New York Geohydrology of the Valley‐fill Aquifer in the Lower Fall Creek Valley, Town of Dryden, Tompkins County, New York Upper Esopus Creek Tributary Bedload Pilot Study Hydrogeology of Two Areas of the Tug Hill Glacial-drift Aquifer, Oswego County, New York Continuous and Spatially Distributed Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring in Long Island Estuaries in Support of Coastal Resource Management. Effects of acid-base chemistry on biology of streams in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park Assessment of sugar maple health and associated soil conditions in the Adirondack Region of New York An Analysis of Trends in the Magnitude of Floods in Urbanized Watersheds on Long Island, New York Ground-water-flow model of the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and West Virginia Assessment of compound flood risk from the combined effects of sea level rise on storm surge, tidal and groundwater flooding, and stormwater Cyanobacterial Occurrence and Bloom Development in Oligotrophic Adirondack Lakes Documenting Biological Recovery in Acidified Adirondack Streams in Response to the 1990 Amendment to the Clean Air Act Methods for Estimation Flood Magnitude and Frequency at Ungaged Streams in New York, excluding Long Island New York Water Science Center Data Program Appalachian Trail MEGA-Transect Atmospheric Deposition Effects Study National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program Report to Congress 2011: An Integrated Assessment