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We installed an eddy covariance station on July 10, 2018 at Bison Flat, an acid-sulfate, vapor-dominated area (0.04-km2) in Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, WY to monitor variations in hydrothermal gas and heat emissions. Since then, this station has measured CO2, H2O and sensible and latent heat fluxes, air temperature and pressure, and wind speed and direction on a half-hourly basis. We also measured soil CO2 fluxes and temperatures on a grid using the accumulation chamber method and thermocouple probes, respectively, on July 11-12, 2018 and soil CO2 fluxes only on June 25, 2019. On July 10, 2018 and June 24, 2019, we collected fumarole gas samples for analysis of bulk chemical and carbon (d13C-CO2)...
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Puhimau thermal area, located in the upper East Rift Zone of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai`i formed around 1936 when heat and gases migrated to the surface following a magma intrusion. As of April 2020, the area is about 0.2 km2 in size with regions of steaming ground. The site may be valuable for monitoring changes in gas and heat emissions related to movement of magma down the rift zone. On November 4-5, 2019 we used the accumulation chamber method and thermocouple probes to make 164 measurements of soil CO2 flux and temperature (20 cm depth) at 30-m spacing on a 0.2 km2 grid. Three gas samples were collected from areas of steaming ground on November 5-6, 2019 and analyzed for bulk chemical and carbon isotope (d13C-CO2)...
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Radiocarbon dating of silicified wood was performed at the U.S. Geological Survey’s Radiocarbon Laboratory in Denver, Colorado. All samples were chemically treated using the standard acid-base-acid (ABA) procedure before being combusted online in the presence of excess high-purity oxygen. Water and other contaminant gases were removed using cryogenic separation techniques, and the resulting purified CO2 gas was measured manometrically and converted to graphite using an iron catalyst and hydrogen reduction (Vogel et al., 1984). Graphite targets were then submitted for accelerator mass spectrometry 14C analysis at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry facility in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. All...
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Silicified wood samples were vacuum impregnated with epoxy, sectioned, and sputter coated with 10 nm Au/Pd at the U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA. Samples were imaged in a Tescan VEGA3 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with an Oxford 150 mm2 X-MaxN large area energy dispersive spectrometer at the U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA. Backscatter (BSE) images were collected with an accelerating voltage (HV) of 30 kV and a working distance (WD) of ~15 mm. Magnification is indicated on individual images. The data files for Scanning Electron Microsocopy (SEM) contain representative SEM-BSE images of samples OFL101 and OFL103-2. This research was conducted under Yellowstone Research Permit YELL-SCI-8030.
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Old Faithful Geyser in the Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park is one of the best studied geysers in the world. Under research permit YELL-SCI-8030, samples from 13 silicified tree remnants were collected adjacent to the Old Faithful Geyser cone in April and November 2019. The silicified wood samples were dated using the radiocarbon (14C) method and were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to determine the extent of wood silicification. This study was conducted in order to provide new information on the geyser’s past decadal to centennial eruptive activity. Understanding Old Faithful’s past could provide a baseline for understanding future changes in its eruption intervals.
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Hot Creek Gorge contains the most obvious surface expression of the hydrothermal system in Long Valley Caldera, California, discharging 200-300 L/s of thermal water according to USGS measurements made since 1988. Formerly, Hot Creek was a popular public swimming area, but it was closed in 2006 due to unpredictable temperature fluctuations and sporadic geysering of thermal water within the creek (Evans et al., 2018). The USGS has monitored the thermal regime in the area since the mid-1980s, including a series of long-term studies 0.6 km away at well CH-10b. Temperature measurements in the ~100 m deep well, which have been performed on an intermittent basis since it was drilled in 1983, reveal a complex temperature...
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This digital publication describes completely the hydrothermal, sedimentary, and volcanic deposits, as well as thermal features as a basis for understanding the hydrothermal processes and explosions in Pocket Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming at 1:2,400 scale.
    map background search result map search result map Groundwater levels and temperatures in well CH-10b near Hot Creek, Long Valley Caldera, eastern California (ver. 2.0, May 2020) Gas emission and ground temperature measurements at Puhimau thermal area, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai`i Silicified wood from around Old Faithful Geyser, Yellowstone National Park Radiocarbon Dating Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Long-term gas and heat emissions measurements, Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park Database for the Geologic Map of Pocket Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming Radiocarbon Dating Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Silicified wood from around Old Faithful Geyser, Yellowstone National Park Long-term gas and heat emissions measurements, Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park Gas emission and ground temperature measurements at Puhimau thermal area, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai`i Database for the Geologic Map of Pocket Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming Groundwater levels and temperatures in well CH-10b near Hot Creek, Long Valley Caldera, eastern California (ver. 2.0, May 2020)