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Shorebirds are among the most rapidly declining species in North America (Rosenberg et al. 2019), with many long-distance migrants experiencing the greatest declines (Environment Canada 2020). Nonetheless, not all shorebirds are declining and there may be differences among species and populations using different migratory routes. For instance, previous meta-analyses have suggested that shorebirds using the Mid-Continental Flyway are experiencing more rapid declines than those using the Pacific or Atlantic flyways (Thomas et al. 2006). At the same time, within a species, more northerly breeding populations are experiencing greater phenological mismatches and lower reproductive success than southerly ones (Kwon et...
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The Science Issue and Relevance: Coastal wetlands are some of the most productive and valuable habitats in the world. Louisiana contains 40% of the United States’ coastal wetlands, which provide critical habitat for waterfowl and fisheries, as well as many other benefits, such as storm surge protection for coastal communities. In terms of ecosystem services, biological resource production, and infrastructure investments, the value of Louisiana’s coastal wetlands exceeds $100 billion. Thus, stakeholders are gravely concerned about sea-level rise which is causing coastal marsh habitat to convert to open water and resulting in the highest rates of wetland loss in the world, with nearly 1.2 million acres lost since...
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Recently intensifying drought conditions have caused increased stress to non-native tamarisk vegetation across riparian areas of the San Carlos Apache Tribe (hereafter Tribe) and the Upper Gila River watershed in Arizona and New Mexico. This also increases wildfire risk in the area, making the removal of tamarisk vegetation a primary restoration and climate adaptation objective for the Tribe. The research from this project can improve the Tribe’s capacity to map tamarisk and other riparian vegetation, in addition to monitoring the relative condition and water stress of the vegetation in a timely manner. Specifically, the project will help identify where tamarisk is on the reservation and inform restoration actions...
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The primary objective of this project was to monitor the growth of shorebird chicks by recapturing them from hatch to fledgling in relation to food abundance and weather conditions. In 2014 and 2015, we attempted to estimate the impacts of trophic mismatch by experimentally creating late hatched broods by refrigerating eggs to delay hatch. Transmitters were then attached to adults and chicks to follow and recapture chick in order to estimate growth rates and survival (see annual protocol documents for further information).Information for the Utqiagvik chick monitoring study were obtained concurrently with information obtained for the Utqiagvik shorebird project and information on chicks and nests included in these...
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Hawaiʻi and the United States Affiliated Pacific Islands face unique challenges in adapting to climate change due to geographic isolation, coastal hazards, close cultural and economic links natural resources, and underserved populations. To address these problems, the PI-CASC works to develop actionable research products through collaborative engagement with cultural and natural resource manager to ensure applicability of the research. In efforts to further support these co-production processes, the PI-CASC Management Climate Corps was developed to connect local natural resource managers, researchers, cultural practitioners, policy professionals, community leaders, and graduate students on Hawaiʻi Islands. The...
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Boreal wetland birds are among the continent’s most rapidly declining avifauna. However, many of these declining species still breed commonly on military lands in Alaska. We propose to survey these species, as well as, additional boreal wetland obligates at breeding sites on Eielson Air Force Base (AFB) and then track migratory movements throughout the annual cycle. Our surveys aim to identify important wetland features for conservation and levels of fragmentation that may reduce bird breeding numbers. Our tracking of birds during migration will identify habitats for conservation at key stopover and wintering areas, and therefore allow conservation on military lands in Alaska to be directly linked to conservation...
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Moloka‘i has great wetland restoration potential in Hawaiʻi, but most remaining sites are highly degraded. The future of several endangered waterbirds and insects relies on restoring coastal wetland habitat that is resilient under sea-level rise and coastal flooding. Currently, managers lack background data on Molokaʻi to prioritize sites for restoration. In this project, Researchers will develop a comprehensive dataset and create a prioritization plan for coastal wetland restoration. The team will work closely with project partners and stakeholders to develop a well-vetted plan to support endangered species and meeting community needs. Existing maps and spatial data about the Molokaʻi landscape will be compiled...
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Upland Sandpiper is one of many declining shorebird species (-4.6%/year in Alaska; Ziolkowski et al. 2023) which breed on military and adjacent lands in Alaska. Western and eastern populations are small and unstable, and the species is endangered at the state level in several eastern U.S. states (Houston et al. 2023). Though there has been considerable work with Upland Sandpipers in their core, central U.S. breeding areas, this is the first dedicated study of Upland Sandpipers in Alaska. The objectives are to resight, band, and track Upland Sandpiper at breeding sites in Delta Junction, AK and Donnelly Training Area (TA 501 & TA 511) to estimate vial rates, determine migratory connectivity, and determine important...
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Beginning in 2003, we have conducted a long-term shorebird breeding ecology study at Utqiaġvik (formerly Barrow), Alaska. The objectives of this study are to (1) collect baseline data on temporal and spatial variability of shorebird diversity and abundance, (2) collect information on nest initiation and effort, replacement clutch laying, clutch and egg size, nest and chick survival, and other demographic traits of Arctic-breeding shorebirds, (3) establish a marked population of as many shorebird species as possible that will allow us to estimate adult survival, mate and site fidelity, and natal philopatry, and (4) relate weather, food availability, and predator and prey abundances to shorebird productivity and survival....
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Information on abundance, distribution, chronology, and habitat associations of birds at U.S. Air Force Long Range Radar Sites (USAF LRRS) and U.S. Navy lands is either outdated or lacking. In other situations, existing information has been obtained using a variety of incompatible methods thereby complicating the ability to discern changes to bird communities or the habitats they rely upon. Up-to-date information on the use of military lands by all bird species is important for both the Department of Defense (DOD) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Furthermore, updating avian inventories and implementing a standardized monitoring program across military lands helps USFWS-MBM by improving avian trend...
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The degradation of critical wintering and migratory stop-over sites is known to have direct consequences on the survival and reproductive condition of migratory shorebirds. However, little is known about migratory movements and connectivity of shorebird populations. By identifying migratory stop-over and wintering areas, we can begin to identify sites that should be conserved and evaluate the relative risks of development and climate change scenarios. Beginning in 2017, we initiated a project to track the migration movements of shorebird species using Argos, GPS, and Pinpoint tags. The primary objective of this study is to collect baseline information on movement patterns of shorebirds during the post-breeding period...
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These datasets describe the inventory of feather and blood samples collected from shorebirds that were captured primarily in northern Alaska but also in other parts of the world where studies were conducted on migratory species that breed in Alaska. These samples are maintained by USFWS and the feather samples in particular are part of the AviSample Network metadata repository (see Brlik et al. 2022. The reuse of avian samples: opportunities, pitfalls, and a solution. Ibis 164:343-349).Additional information for samples collected at Utqiagvik and in association with the tracking project can be found in the Utqiagvik shorebird project (file://ifw7ro-file.fws.doi.net/datamgt/mbm/mbmsh_009_Utqiagvik_shorebird_project)...
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The Spoon-billed Sandpiper (Eurynorhynchus pygmeus) is a critically endangered species (Bird Life International 2011) with a population estimated at 661-678 individuals (but only 210-228 breeding pairs, Clark et al. 2016). Although it principally breeds in Russia and has not officially been documented breeding in Alaska, observations of Spoon-billed Sandpipers have been recorded in Alaska during the breeding season (Kessel and Gibson 1978), and a recently developed habitat suitability model indicated that suitable nesting habitat occurs in Alaska’s Chukchi Sea region (RSBP 2012). However, no systematic survey of potential breeding habitat had been conducted in this region during the spring and summer when this species...
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In 2008 and 2009, we investigated the survival of chicks from initial and experimentally-induced replacement nests of arcticola Dunlin (Calidris alpina) breeding near Utqiaġvik, Alaska. We monitored survival of 66 broods from 41 initial and 25 replacement nests. See Saalfeld, S.T., B.L. Hill, C.M. Hunter, C.J. Frost, and R.B. Lanctot. 2021. Warming Arctic summers unlikely to increase productivity of shorebirds through renesting. Nature Scientific Reports 11-15277 for more detailed methods and data analysis.Information for the Dunlin brood survival project were obtained concurrently with information obtained for the Utqiagvik shorebird project and information on chicks and nests included in these files may also be...
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Feathers have been collected from shorebirds from 2006-2019 across Alaska and Canada. To determine the impact of feather pulling on subsequent feather growth, we identified and scanned feathers that were collected in subsequent years. In this case, we restricted our dataset to samples in which the same feathers were pulled in subsequent years and for those collected only after their initial pulling (i.e., year x and x+1). These scans will then be used to look at size and shape in comparison to original feathers to determine if pulling of feathers has any impact on growth of feathers in the following year.The data providers have invested considerable effort in QA/QC, but it is possible that undetected errors remain....
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Principal to the management of migratory landbird resources is an understanding of their occurrence within the landscape. Baseline information on bird distribution is a primary need “to preserve a natural diversity and abundance of fauna and flora on refuge lands” (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS] 1993a). Documenting the occurrence and distribution of all migratory bird species is a priority of the USFWS’s action plan for developing a nongame bird inventory and monitoring strategy for National Wildlife Refuge system lands (USFWS 1993b ). Distribution and abundance information previously collected on National Wildlife Refuges has contributed to the description of distributional patterns of birds in Alaska....
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Many of North America’s most rapidly declining avifauna breed in the boreal and alpine ecosystems of Alaska. Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson (JBER) located in Anchorage, Alaska, provides critical nesting habitat for five avian Species of Special Concern (SOSC): Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria, Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes, Olive-sided Flycatcher Contopus cooperi, Rusty Blackbird Euphagus carolinus and Blackpoll Warbler Setophaga striata. Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson derived the Species of Special Concern list from the Birds of Conservation Concern (USFWS 2008) and the Department of Defense Mission-Sensitive Priority Bird Species (DoD PIF 2015) lists. Department of Defense Partners in Flight recognizes...
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Coastal flooding and erosion caused by storms and sea-level rise threaten infrastructure and public safety in Alaska Native communities. Though the problem is well known, there are few tools that can assess local vulnerability to coastal flood hazards. Even fewer tools can be customized with specific community information to support local adaptation planning. The main goal of this project is to use the Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) platform to co-produce customized local flood hazard maps and online tools to support the development of culturally-appropriate and cost-efficient adaptation strategies in Alaska. The project team will work with federal, state, and local community representatives to understand...
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Climatic warming has contributed to recent increases in severe wildfires across the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Following severe wildfire, a burned forest has an increased likelihood burning again within several decades, which can greatly alter vegetation recovery. These changes are of increasing concern to forest managers, conservationists, researchers, the public, and culture bearers. However, more information is needed to gauge how PNW forests respond to severe wildfire reburns under ongoing climate change. In this project, researchers and natural resource managers will jointly develop new applied science to anticipate and gauge the resilience of forests in the western Cascades of the PNW to climate change impacts....
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The roselaari subspecies of Red Knot is one of the rarest shorebird populations breeding in North America, based on a the current population size estimate of 17,000 individuals (Carmona et al 2013). As a result of suspected declines,the roselaari subspecies has been designated as threatened by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada and was petitioned for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s decision to not conduct a full status review for listing was based on the lack of substantial information identifying threats and population trends (USFWS 2011). The apparent low population size coupled with the scarcity of information on many demographic and...
map background search result map search result map Understanding Impacts of Sea-Level Rise and Land Management on Critical Coastal Marsh Habitat Increasing Climate Extension in the Pacific Islands Climate Adaptation Science Center A Prioritization Plan for Coastal Wetland Restoration on Moloka‘i Building a Coastal Flood Hazard Assessment and Adaptation Strategy with At-Risk Communities of Alaska Mapping Riparian Vegetation Response to Climate Change on the San Carlos Apache Reservation and Upper Gila River Watershed to Inform Restoration Priorities: 1935 to Present (Phase 2) Post-fire Vegetation Transitions in Burned and Reburned Forests in the Western Cascades Alaska Red Knot Breeding Ecology Study 2010-Present Alaska Shorebird Sample Inventory Alaska Shorebird Migration Tracking Study Utqiaģvik Alaska Shorebird Breeding Ecology Study Utqiagvik Alaska Dunlin Brood Survival Impact of Feather Pulling on Shorebirds in Alaska Spoon-billed Sandpiper (SBSP) Surveys Near Kotzebue Alaska 2018 Alaska Department of Defense Shorebird Migration Project 2021-Present Utqiagvik Alaska Shorebird Chick Monitoring Study Alaska Department of Defense Migratory Movements Upland Sandpiper Study 2021-Present Avian Species Inventory and Monitoring at U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy lands near Point Barrow Alaska Alaska National Wildlife Refuge Avian Checklist Project 1991-2000 Alaska Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson Installation Avian Study 2007-Present Alaska Eielson Air Force Base Avian Study 2019-Present Avian Species Inventory and Monitoring at U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy lands near Point Barrow Alaska Alaska Eielson Air Force Base Avian Study 2019-Present Utqiagvik Alaska Dunlin Brood Survival A Prioritization Plan for Coastal Wetland Restoration on Moloka‘i Utqiaģvik Alaska Shorebird Breeding Ecology Study Utqiagvik Alaska Shorebird Chick Monitoring Study Alaska Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson Installation Avian Study 2007-Present Alaska Red Knot Breeding Ecology Study 2010-Present Spoon-billed Sandpiper (SBSP) Surveys Near Kotzebue Alaska 2018 Mapping Riparian Vegetation Response to Climate Change on the San Carlos Apache Reservation and Upper Gila River Watershed to Inform Restoration Priorities: 1935 to Present (Phase 2) Post-fire Vegetation Transitions in Burned and Reburned Forests in the Western Cascades Understanding Impacts of Sea-Level Rise and Land Management on Critical Coastal Marsh Habitat Alaska National Wildlife Refuge Avian Checklist Project 1991-2000 Building a Coastal Flood Hazard Assessment and Adaptation Strategy with At-Risk Communities of Alaska Alaska Department of Defense Shorebird Migration Project 2021-Present Alaska Department of Defense Migratory Movements Upland Sandpiper Study 2021-Present Impact of Feather Pulling on Shorebirds in Alaska Increasing Climate Extension in the Pacific Islands Climate Adaptation Science Center Alaska Shorebird Migration Tracking Study Alaska Shorebird Sample Inventory