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The Medicine Bow pronghorn population is one of the largest herds in the United States with an estimated population of 38,400 animals. The herd summers in the sagebrush steppe and grasslands of Shirley Basin, north of Medicine Bow, Wyoming. Most pronghorn migrate either west to the southern edge of the Seminoe Reservoir or north to Bates Hole, an area south of Casper, Wyoming. During harsh winters, some pronghorn migrate 65–75 miles (105–121 km) as far west as Rawlins, Wyoming. The Shirley Basin is a mostly intact landscape that is dominated by private lands, with only limited public lands along some foothill habitats. During the early 2000s, several large wind energy facilities were developed; some are in high-use...
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South Wallowas mule deer winter ranges are dispersed across areas of low elevation near the Idaho border. During spring, mule deer wintering north of Powder River and Pyles Canyon migrate to Catherine Creek and the Wallowa Mountains within the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest. Interstate 84 creates a complete barrier to southern movement for the South Wallowas herd. Mule deer wintering in areas near Interstate 84, Lawrence Creek, and Manning Creek are largely residents with only two migratory mule deer traveling to Little Lookout Mountain and Thief Valley Reservoir. Other mule deer reside along Snake River, which forms the Idaho border. One mule deer crosses Snake River south of the Powder River headwaters, migrating...
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The Spring Mountains are critical habitat for the Spring Mountains mule deer herd in southern Nevada. The Spring Mountains west of Las Vegas, Nevada range in elevation from low meadows at 3,000 ft (910 m) to Charleston Peak at nearly 12,000 ft (3,632 m). Lower elevations are dominated by desert scrub and shrubland transitioning to Yucca brevifolia (Joshua tree) and pinyon-juniper forest at midelevations, with mixed montane conifer including ponderosa pine and Pinus longaeva (bristlecone pine) pine at higher elevations, and sparse alpine grasses and forbs above the tree line. The migratory behavior of the Spring Mountains mule deer herd is variable, with a mix of year-round residents and short-distance elevational...
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The Murderer’s Creek mule deer herd winters south of U.S. Route 26 in river valleys near Canyon Creek, Murderer’s Creek, and the South Fork John Day River. The herd’s winter ranges are characterized by western juniper, big sagebrush, and Columbia Basin grassland communities, with medusahead and other non-native grasses invading lower elevations. In the spring, mule deer mainly migrate southeast to summer ranges distributed throughout Gilbert Ridge and the Aldrich Mountains, some traveling as far south as Devon Ridge and east to Ironside Mountain. Summer ranges in these areas contain mixed-conifer forests, ponderosa pine, and low sagebrush communities. A smaller portion of this herd migrates northeast in the spring,...
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The Lassen herd winters in lower elevations in the Secret Valley, Bull Flat, and the Five Springs Wilderness Study Area north of the Skedaddle Mountains and east of Shaffer Mountain, as well as in the Dry Valley Rim Wilderness Study Area. Summer ranges are spread out, with some individuals migrating north to the Madeline Plains and others heading west to Willow Creek Valley, Grasshopper Valley, and Eagle Lake (fig. XXX). An unknown portion of the herd are better characterized as residents. The primary threat to pronghorn in the Lassen herd is the conversion of perennial shrublands to exotic annual grasslands following wildfires. The 2012 Rush Fire burned 271,911 acres in Lassen County within the boundary of the...
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The Clear Lake herd contains migrants, but this herd does not migrate between traditional summer and winter seasonal ranges. Instead, much of the herd displays a nomadic tendency, slowly migrating north, east, or south for the summer using various high use areas as they move. Therefore, annual ranges were modeled using year-round data to demarcate high use areas in lieu of modeling specific winter ranges. The areas adjacent to Clear Lake Reservoir were heavily used during winter by many of the collared animals. A few collared individuals persisted west of State Route 139 year-round, seemingly separated from the rest of the herd due to this highway barrier. However, some pronghorn cross this road near Cornell and...
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The Area 17-Toiyabe mule deer herd inhabits the Shoshone Mountains and Toiyabe Range, which run north to south in central Nevada (fig. 11). Mule deer from the Shoshone Mountains and Toiyabe Range are characterized by short distance migrations from high elevations above 7,874 ft (2,400 m), down to 5,577 ft (1,700 m). Since the 1920s, the lower elevation slopes east of Toiyabe Dome, between Wisconsin Creek and Broad Creek and locally known as Toiyabe bench, have been documented by the Nevada Department of Wildlife as crucial mule deer winter range. Because of the value of this habitat for mule deer, the BLM closed the area to domestic livestock grazing in 1983 (Nevada Department of Wildlife, 1985). In 2018, in collaboration...
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The Lassen herd winters in lower elevations in the Secret Valley, Bull Flat, and the Five Springs Wilderness Study Area north of the Skedaddle Mountains and east of Shaffer Mountain, as well as in the Dry Valley Rim Wilderness Study Area. Summer ranges are spread out, with some individuals migrating north to the Madeline Plains and others heading west to Willow Creek Valley, Grasshopper Valley, and Eagle Lake (fig. XXX). An unknown portion of the herd are better characterized as residents. The primary threat to pronghorn in the Lassen herd is the conversion of perennial shrublands to exotic annual grasslands following wildfires. The 2012 Rush Fire burned 271,911 acres in Lassen County within the boundary of the...
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The Lassen herd winters in lower elevations in the Secret Valley, Bull Flat, and the Five Springs Wilderness Study Area north of the Skedaddle Mountains and east of Shaffer Mountain, as well as in the Dry Valley Rim Wilderness Study Area. Summer ranges are spread out, with some individuals migrating north to the Madeline Plains and others heading west to Willow Creek Valley, Grasshopper Valley, and Eagle Lake (fig. XXX). An unknown portion of the herd are better characterized as residents. The primary threat to pronghorn in the Lassen herd is the conversion of perennial shrublands to exotic annual grasslands following wildfires. The 2012 Rush Fire burned 271,911 acres in Lassen County within the boundary of the...
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The Big Lake pronghorn herd resides in the White Mountains of eastern Arizona within Game Management Unit 1. Mid-March, the Big Lake pronghorn migrate, crossing the Little Colorado River approximately four miles north of River Reservoir, to their high-elevation summer range. The summer range consists primarily of high-elevation grasslands and large alpine meadows near Big Lake. Some individuals continue several miles farther south to summer near Middle Mountain. Fall migration occurs in early to mid-October, when the herd moves north to low-elevation grassland habitats west of Eagar, Arizona. The primary threat to this migration corridor is State Route 260, which experiences high traffic volume and requires crossing...
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The Kern River deer herd includes primarily California mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus californicus), but some Inyo mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus inyoensis) associate with California mule deer on the summer range. The population size peaked at 11,000 individuals in 1949, but in recent decades numbers have decreased to an estimated 3,500 deer in 1995 and 2,000 deer in 2001. The population size estimate is now, conservatively, approximately 4,000 individuals owing primarily to habitat expansion by the 2001 McNally Fire (California Department of Fish and Wildlife unpublished data). The Kern River herd winters in Sequoia National Forest north of Johnsondale and east of Slate Mountain. In the spring, they migrate northward...
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The Manache mule deer herd contains both California mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus californicus) and Inyo mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus inyoensis). The herd predominantly covers the east slopes and crest of the Sierra Nevada. Elevation stretches from 3,200 ft on the Owens Valley winter range, to above 11,000 ft on the summer ranges in Sequoia National Park. The Manache herd migrates from winter ranges just west of U.S. Route 395 on the steep slopes and valleys of the Sierra Nevada near Dunmovin and Haiwee east to some of the highest elevations in the continental United States in Inyo and Sequoia National Forests. Deer numbers were very low by 1900, attributed largely to extreme overgrazing by domestic sheep and...
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The Manache mule deer herd contains both California mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus californicus) and Inyo mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus inyoensis). The herd predominantly covers the east slopes and crest of the Sierra Nevada. Elevation stretches from 3,200 ft on the Owens Valley winter range, to above 11,000 ft on the summer ranges in Sequoia National Park. The Manache herd migrates from winter ranges just west of U.S. Route 395 on the steep slopes and valleys of the Sierra Nevada near Dunmovin and Haiwee east to some of the highest elevations in the continental United States in Inyo and Sequoia National Forests. Deer numbers were very low by 1900, attributed largely to extreme overgrazing by domestic sheep and...
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The Salt Springs herd winters in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada predominantly on private property from Tylers Corner south to Sheep Ranch. The summer range is in high-elevation terrain near Lower Bear River Reservoir and Salt Springs Reservoir. The winter range consists of mainly oak woodland habitat and the summer range includes primarily mixed conifer opening up to high alpine granite near the crest of the Sierra Nevada. The population size is unknown due to limited data. This GPS collaring project was designed as part of a region-wide effort to obtain abundance estimates for deer using fecal DNA and home range analyses, with pinpointing migration routes and identifying winter ranges a secondary priority....
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The Pend Oreille elk sub-herd is part of the larger Selkirk elk herd located in northeast Washington on nine Game Management Units (GMU; GMUs 101, 105, 108, 111, 113, 117, 121, 124, and 204). Elk used in this analysis were collared in GMUs 117 and 121 on winter ranges located east and west of the Huckleberry Mountain Range, along the Colville River Valley that splits the two GMUs, and west of the Pend Oreille River. In this area, private landowners manage 77 percent of the land (primarily for timber), the U.S. Forest Service manages 16 percent, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Natural Resources, and Bureau of Land Management manage the remaining 7 percent. Montane conifer forests dominate the...
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The Clear Lake herd contains migrants, but this herd does not migrate between traditional summer and winter seasonal ranges. Instead, much of the herd displays a nomadic tendency, slowly migrating north, east, or south for the summer using various high use areas as they move. Therefore, annual ranges were modeled using year-round data to demarcate high use areas in lieu of modeling specific winter ranges. The areas adjacent to Clear Lake Reservoir were heavily used during winter by many of the collared animals. A few collared individuals persisted west of State Route 139 year-round, seemingly separated from the rest of the herd due to this highway barrier. However, some pronghorn cross this road near Cornell and...
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The eastern slope of the Wind River Range provides habitat to approximately 4,000–5,000 migratory elk. The Wind River Elk herd winters on the Wind River Reservation managed under the sovereignty of the Eastern Shoshone Tribe and the Northern Arapaho Tribe of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming (fig. 37). In spring, the herd migrates up in elevation to a roadless area established by the Tribes in the late 1930s—decades before The Wilderness Act of 1964 (Public Law 88-577, 16 U.S.C. 1131-1136) —or to adjacent FS lands. Many of the migration routes are along waterways with significant cultural heritage, including petroglyphs in the Dinwoody-style and areas connected to stories of sacred figures and occurrences (Wind...
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The Klamath Basin mule deer herd contains an estimated 10,775 deer and features a mix of resident and migratory animals. Most winter ranges are adjacent to the California border near Bly and Lost River, California, in areas featuring western juniper, low shrublands, and early shrub-tree habitat. In spring, these mule deer either migrate northwest to regional national forest lands or northeast past South Fork Sprague River. Summer ranges contain ponderosa pine, mixed-conifer, and early shrub-tree habitat along with alfalfa and other agricultural crops. Notably, one mule deer migrated southeast into California near Goose Lake in May 2019 and spent a year near Deadhorse Reservoir before returning to Oregon in November...
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The Wenatchee Mountains mule deer herd inhabits a matrix of private and public lands along the eastern slope of the Cascade Range in Chelan and Kittitas Counties in Washington (fig. 24). Historically, the Wenatchee Mountains mule deer herd was separated into two subherds, Chelan and Kittitas; however, recent GPS collar data indicated the mule deer south of U.S. Highway 2 and north of Interstate 90 represent one population. Their high-use winter range extends along the foothills west and south of Wenatchee, Washington and throughout the foothills of the Kittitas Valley near Ellensburg. Their low-use winter range occurs along the foothills west of the Columbia River north of Interstate 90. In the spring, migratory...
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The Likely Tables herd contains migrants, but this herd does not migrate between traditional summer and winter seasonal ranges. Instead, much of the herd displays a nomadic tendency, slowly migrating north for the summer using various high use areas as they move. Therefore, annual ranges were modeled using year-round data to demarcate high use areas in lieu modeling specific winter ranges. A high use area being used during winter by many of the collared animals is west of the Warner Mountains, east of U.S. Highway 395, and north of Moon Lake. Some animals live in the agricultural fields west of U.S. Highway 395. There appears to be little if any movement across the highway, which is fenced on both sides in this...
map background search result map search result map Arizona Pronghorn Big Lake Routes California Mule Deer Kern River Stopovers California Mule Deer Manache Corridors California Mule Deer Manache Winter Range California Mule Deer Salt Springs Winter Range Washington Elk Pend Oreille Corridors Wyoming Pronghorn Shirley Basin Routes Wyoming Wind River Reservation Elk Wind River Routes California Pronghorn Clear Lake Migration Corridors California Pronghorn Clear Lake Migration Stopovers California Pronghorn Lassen Migration Corridors California Pronghorn Lassen Migration Stopovers California Pronghorn Lassen Winter Range California Pronghorn Likely Tables Annual Range Nevada Mule Deer Spring Mountains Winter Range Nevada Mule Deer Area 17-Toiyabe Migration Corridors Oregon Mule Deer Klamath Basin Stopovers Oregon Mule Deer Murderer's Creek Stopovers Oregon Mule Deer South Wallowas Migration Corridors Washington Mule Deer Wenatchee Winter Range California Mule Deer Manache Winter Range Arizona Pronghorn Big Lake Routes California Mule Deer Salt Springs Winter Range Nevada Mule Deer Area 17-Toiyabe Migration Corridors Nevada Mule Deer Spring Mountains Winter Range California Mule Deer Kern River Stopovers California Pronghorn Lassen Winter Range California Mule Deer Manache Corridors California Pronghorn Lassen Migration Stopovers Wyoming Wind River Reservation Elk Wind River Routes California Pronghorn Lassen Migration Corridors Washington Mule Deer Wenatchee Winter Range Washington Elk Pend Oreille Corridors Oregon Mule Deer South Wallowas Migration Corridors California Pronghorn Clear Lake Migration Stopovers California Pronghorn Clear Lake Migration Corridors California Pronghorn Likely Tables Annual Range Wyoming Pronghorn Shirley Basin Routes Oregon Mule Deer Murderer's Creek Stopovers Oregon Mule Deer Klamath Basin Stopovers