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The 1983-2018 Puʻuʻōʻō eruption, on the East Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano, consisted of many different episodes and several phases of lava flows threatening residential areas (Heliker and Mattox 2003; Orr and others 2015). One of these crises occurred in 2014-2015, when lava erupting from Puʻuʻōʻō advanced north of the rift zone, towards the town of Pāhoa (Poland and others 2016; Brantley and others 2019). This slow-moving crisis unfolded over approximately four months, as pāhoehoe lava gradually flowed towards the town. In the end, the lava flow fortunately stalled at the edge of the residential area, destroying only one home. During the crisis, geologists at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hawaiian Volcano...
An intrusion into Kīlauea’s upper East Rift Zone during June 17–19, 2007, during the 1983–2018 Pu‘u‘ō‘ō eruption, led to widespread ground cracking and a small (~1,525 m3) eruption on the northeast flank of the Kānenuiohamo cone, about 6 km upslope from the Pu‘u‘ō‘ō vent. Transmitted and induced very-low-frequency (VLF) magnetic fields were measured with a handheld VLF receiver along transects spanning the dike trace, and zones of ground cracking related to the intrusion were mapped. This dataset records the density and vesicularity of selected lava and tephra samples collected from the June 2007 Father's Day eruption site. The density of the basalt erupted was determined by measuring the weight of spatter and lava...
Categories: Data;
Tags: East Rift Zone,
Episode 56,
Father's Day event,
Hawaii,
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park,
The catastrophic, explosive eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, on May 18, 1980, is the most well-known eruption of the volcano. Less well known is the May 18th eruption marked the beginning of a period of eruptive activity that lasted through 1986. From October 1980 through October 1986, a series of 17 dome-building episodes added millions of cubic meters of lava to the crater floor. Most of the growth occurred when magma extruded onto the surface of the dome, forming short (650 to 1,300 feet), thick (65 to 130 feet) lava flows. This data release is a 1-meter resolution digital elevation model (DEM) and a corresponding hillshade raster derived from a previously unpublished 1:2,000 scale topographic contour...
La Soufrière Volcano is a 1,220 m high stratovolcano that occupies the northern half of the island of St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles, Eastern Caribbean. It has a long history of explosive and sometimes devastating eruptions. Beginning in December 2020 and ending in April 2021, La Soufrière Volcano produced a Volcano Explosivity Index (VEI) 4 eruption that greatly impacted the landscape, communities, and infrastructure on the island of St. Vincent. The eruption produced intense ash plumes, heavy ashfall, and pyroclastic flows down several river valleys. During and following the eruption, destructive lahars (volcanic mudflows) impacted rivers valleys and coastal communities for months. The USGS-USAID Volcano Disaster...
The Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field and surrounding region is made up of over 3 billion years of geologic history, with 300+ separate rock types. To increase our understanding of the evolution of this active system and direct priorities for sample collection and field study, we compiled whole rock geochemical datasets from numerous thesis and papers (17 in total). We present these data in a standardized format and include location information and details on analytical methods when available.
A total of 100 samples were collected from two proximal sections of Keanakākoʻi, Tephra unit D deposits. Samples were analyzed on Microtrac CAMSIZER® P4 and X2 instruments for grain size and shape data in the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) tephra lab. Data release includes sample descriptions, half phi grain size distributions, and statistical output from DECOLOG deconvolution modeling of grain size distributions. Grain size is reported using the sieve compatible Xcmin parameter (CAMSIZER® manual, 2020). Data of 2D shape parameter means of sphericity, Krumbein roundness and compactness of samples as well as for half phi grain size bins at 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, and -1 phi are also included. Please refer to associated...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Camsizer,
Grain shape,
Grain size,
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park,
Kīlauea Volcano,
The youngest and largest island in the State of Hawaii—the Island of Hawai‘i—is formed by five volcanoes, three of which have erupted within recent geologic history: Mauna Loa, Kīlauea, and Hualālai. This data release provides a chronology for activity and impacts at Mauna Loa, Kīlauea, and Hualālai over approximately the past two and a half centuries. This data release includes a word document, “HI_volcanoes_chronology_description,” that describes the data compilation process and provides simple summary tables of eruptive activity and maps. A CSV file contains the compiled eruption chronology data for all volcanoes—"HI_volcanoes_chronology_data”—references for which are provided in a separate CSV file titled “HI_volcanoes_chronology_references.”...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Hualalai,
Kilauea Crater,
Mauna Loa,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Volcanology,
This dataset includes wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF) major-oxide and trace-element whole-rock analyses, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) trace-element whole-rock analyses, and glass analyses by electron microprobe of scoria and lava samples from the Kamakaiʻa Hills of the Southwest Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi. Whole-rock chemical analyses were performed at the Hamilton Analytical Laboratory at Hamilton College in Clinton, New York, USA, whereas glass chemical analyses were performed at the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, California, USA.
Categories: Data;
Tags: Chemical Analyses,
Geochemistry,
Island of Hawaiʻi,
Kamakaiʻa Hills,
Kīlauea,
The 2018 eruption from the lower East Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano, on the Island of Hawaiʻi, was one of the most significant and destructive events on the volcano in the past 200 years (Neal and others, 2019; Patrick and others, 2020; Anderson and others, 2023; Mulliken and others, 2024). Between May and September of that year, 24 fissures opened on the lower flank of the volcano, producing lava fountains and expansive lava flows that covered an area of 36 km2 (Neal and others, 2019; Zoeller and others, 2020). Effusion rates at the dominant vent, fissure 8, were often >100 m3 s-1, and the total eruptive volume is estimated at 0.9–1.4 km3 (Dietterich and others, 2021) making it one of the most voluminous effusive...
In the past century, eruptions of Steamboat Geyser in Yellowstone’s Norris Geyser Basin were mainly clustered in three episodes: between 1961 and 1969, between 1982 and 1984, and in a sequence of eruptions that began in 2018 (Reed et al., 2021) and resulted in extensive damage to, and mortality of the surrounding trees. To characterize tree response to geyser activity over time, and the response of geyser activity to climate variability, aerial and ground imagery were analyzed to document changes in tree coverage around the geyser since 1954. Twenty samples of silicified tree remnants were collected from near the geyser vent for radiocarbon (14C) dating to determine if trees grew during periods when the geyser was...
An intrusion into Kīlauea’s upper East Rift Zone during June 17–19, 2007, during the 1983–2018 Pu‘u‘ō‘ō eruption, led to widespread ground cracking and a small (~1,525 m3) eruption on the northeast flank of the Kānenuiohamo cone, about 6 km upslope from the Pu‘u‘ō‘ō vent. Transmitted and induced very-low-frequency (VLF) magnetic fields were measured with a handheld VLF receiver along transects spanning the dike trace, and zones of ground cracking related to the intrusion were mapped. This dataset records the distance between sets of nails spanning ground cracks at discrete locations in Nāpau Crater, installed in 1997 as "crack stations" to monitor change. See fig. B-1 in the associated publication for a map of crack...
Categories: Data;
Tags: East Rift Zone,
Episode 56,
Father's Day event,
Hawaii,
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park,
On May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens, Washington, exploded in a spectacular and devastating eruption that resulted in previously unimaginable events that drastically altered the mountain and the surrounding area. One unprecedented event was the collapse of the summit and north flank of the volcano forming a huge landslide known as the ‘debris avalanche’ with a total volume of about 2.5 km3 (3.3 billion cubic yards). The debris avalanche swept around and up ridges to the north, but most of it turned westward as far as 23 km (14 mi) down the valley of the North Fork Toutle River and formed a hummocky deposit. This had a profound effect on the topography of the area, including transforming the summit cone of the volcano...
The 2018 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano included both a large effusive eruption on the lower East Rift Zone and associated collapse and subsidence of the caldera floor at the summit (Anderson and others 2019; Neal and others 2019; Patrick and others 2020). Lava erupted from 24 fissures on the lower East Rift Zone over four months, with high effusion rates (>100 m3 s-1) often supplying lava into channelized flows (Dietterich and others 2021). This effusion produced an extensive lava flow field, covering 36 km2 and creating 3.5 km2 of new land along the coast (Zoeller and others 2020). The eruption was notable for the sustained high effusion rates, which produced complex and prolonged evolution of the lava flow field,...
Isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 176Hf/177Hf, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, 208Pb/204Pb) and major oxide and trace element concentrations of Quaternary basalts, hawaiites, mugearites, benmoreites, and trachytes from northern Harrat Rahat, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Categories: Data;
Tags: Geochemistry,
Saudi Arabia,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Volcanology,
isotopes,
On 16 July 2021, measurements were made of the volcanic gases emitted from Iliamna Volcano, Mount Douglas, Mount Martin, and Mount Mageik (Alaska, USA) from aboard a fixed-wing aircraft. Two zenith-facing differential optical absorption spectrometers were used to measure incident scattered solar ultraviolet radiation while traversing beneath the gas plumes on multiple occasions. These data were used to derive volcanic SO2 column densities and emission rates. In addition to the remote sensing payload, two in situ instruments were used to make measurements of trace gas concentrations while on flight paths through the volcanic plumes: a USGS multi-GAS (multiple Gas Analyzer System; Werner et al., 2017) analyzer for...
An intrusion into Kīlauea’s upper East Rift Zone during June 17–19, 2007, during the 1983–2018 Pu‘u‘ō‘ō eruption, led to widespread ground cracking and a small (~1,525 m3) eruption on the northeast flank of the Kānenuiohamo cone, about 6 km upslope from the Pu‘u‘ō‘ō vent. Electromagnetic profiles using the very-low-frequency (VLF) technique (McNeill and Labson, 1991) were measured along transects spanning the dike trace, and zones of ground cracking related to the intrusion were mapped. The locations of crack zones and the VLF receiver measurements suggest that the Father’s Day dike splayed as it approached the surface, dividing into four segments—one between Pauahi Crater and Pu‘uhuluhulu and three en echelon...
Categories: Data;
Tags: East Rift Zone,
Episode 56,
Father's Day event,
Island of Hawaiʻi,
Kānenuiohamo,
An intrusion into Kīlauea’s upper East Rift Zone during June 17–19, 2007, during the 1983–2018 Pu‘u‘ō‘ō eruption, led to widespread ground cracking and a small (~1,525 m3) eruption on the northeast flank of the Kānenuiohamo cone, about 6 km upslope from the Pu‘u‘ō‘ō vent. Transmitted and induced very-low-frequency (VLF) magnetic fields were measured with a handheld VLF receiver (e.g., McNeill and Labson 1991) along transects spanning the dike trace, and zones of ground cracking related to the intrusion were mapped. This dataset records measurements collected using a Geonics Limited EM16 very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic receiver along eight transects across and perpendicular to the presumed trace of the 2007...
Categories: Data;
Tags: East Rift Zone,
Episode 56,
Father's Day event,
Hawaii,
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park,
An intrusion into Kīlauea’s upper East Rift Zone during June 17–19, 2007, during the 1983–2018 Pu‘u‘ō‘ō eruption, led to widespread ground cracking and a small (~1,525 m3) eruption on the northeast flank of the Kānenuiohamo cone, about 6 km upslope from the Pu‘u‘ō‘ō vent. Transmitted and induced very-low-frequency (VLF) magnetic fields were measured with a handheld VLF receiver along transects spanning the dike trace, and zones of ground cracking related to the intrusion were mapped. This dataset records the location, trend, width, and opening direction of a subset of new cracks formed during the June 2007 Father's Day dike intrusion and eruption.
Categories: Data;
Tags: East Rift Zone,
Episode 56,
Father's Day event,
Hawaii,
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park,
The catastrophic, explosive eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, on May 18, 1980, is the most well-known eruption of the volcano. Less well known is the May 18th eruption marked the beginning of a period of eruptive activity that lasted through 1986. From October 1980 through October 1986, a series of 17 dome-building episodes added millions of cubic meters of lava to the crater floor. Most of the growth occurred when magma extruded onto the surface of the dome, forming short (650 to 1,300 feet), thick (65 to 130 feet) lava flows. This data release is a 2-meter resolution digital elevation model (DEM) and hillshade raster derived from a previously unpublished 1:4,000 scale topographic contour map, based on...
There are 161 active volcanoes in the U.S. and its territories. These volcanoes pose differing degrees of risk to people and infrastructure because of differences in their eruptive styles and geographic locations. This layer shows the areas near volcanic vents that could be affected by proximal volcano hazards, including ballistics (airborne rocks from explosions), pyroclastic density currents, lava flows, debris avalanches, lahars (mudflows), and heavy ashfall, as well as areas downstream that could be affected by distal lahars (see the USGS Volcano Hazards Program Glossary for descriptions of these processes: https://www.usgs.gov/glossary/volcano-hazards-program-glossary). These areas are labelled with their corresponding...
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