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A reference genome assembly for the endangered Aga or Mariana Crow (Corvus kubaryi) The Aga, also known as the Mariana Crow, is an endangered endemic crow of the Northern Mariana Islands, a Commonwealth of the United States of America. The only known population currently extant is on the island of Rota and has been in decline over the past two decades. Unknown pathogens are among the factors that may be contributing to this decline. To support metagenomic and transcriptomic analysis of potential disease agents, a reference genome was generated and gene features comprehensively annotated. The methods used and data availability are described. This data release consists of: 1. Gene annotations for the endangered Aga or Mariana Crow, including summary statistics, that are available from the National... Tags: Genetics, Northern Mariana Islands, Rota, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), biota, All tags... birds, genetics, Fewer tags Relating tissue egg counts to eggs/g of spleen in Hawaiian green turtles The present study proposes a new methodology for the quantification of parasite eggs in animal tissue. Quantification of parasites are important to understand epidemiology of spirorchiid infections in sea turtles, however different methodologies for quantifying Spirorchiidae eggs in turtle tissues have been used. The most representative way to quantify Spirorchiidae burdens in tissues is counting eggs / g of tissue, however, this method is very laborious. As an alternative, we propose quantifying number of Spirorchiidae egg/ area of tissue on a microscope slide. We compared this method to number of eggs / slide, a common metric of egg burden in turtle tissues. Both methods correlated well with eggs / g with eggs/mm2... Categories: Data; Tags: Hawaii, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Wildlife Disease, climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, parasites, All tags... pathology, spirorchiid, Fewer tags Corallimorph Invasion Palmyra: Data In 2007, a phase shift from corals to corallimorpharians (CM) was documented at Palmyra Atoll, Line Islands, centered around a shipwreck. Subsequent surveys revealed CM to be overgrowing the reef benthos, including corals and coralline algae, potentially placing coral ecosystems in the atoll at risk. This prompted the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the lead management agency of the atoll, to remove the shipwreck. Subsequent surveys showed reversal of spread of CM around the ship impact site. We explain patterns of spread of the CM in terms of life history and local currents and show with a pilot study that pulverized bleach may be an effective tool to eradicate CM on a local scale. If applied strategically, particularly... Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Corralimorpharian, Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), biological population management, biota, All tags... control, coral reefs, ecosystem management, fishery management, health, invasion dynamics, natural resource management, phase shifts, Fewer tags Mass mortality of collector urchins (Tripneustes gratilla) in Hawai`i As grazers, sea urchins are keystone species in tropical marine ecosystems, and their loss can have important ecological ramifications. Die-offs of urchins are frequently described but their causesare often unclear, in part because systematic examinations of animal tissues at gross and microscopic level are not done. In some areas, urchins are being employed to control invasive marine algae. Here we describe the pathology of a mortality event in Tripneustes gratilla in Hawaii where urchins were being translocated to control invasive algae. Although we did not determine the cause of the mortality event, our investigation suggests that animals died from inflammation of the test and epidermal ulceration followed by... Categories: Data; Tags: Hawaii, Maui, Oahu, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Wildlife Disease, All tags... biota, echinoderms, epizootic, pathology, translocation, Fewer tags Data on blood cells of the collector urchin, Tripneustes gratilla Echinoderms such as urchins are important in marine ecosystems, particularly as grazers, and unhealthy urchins can have important ecological implications. For instance, unexplained mortalities of Diadema sp. in the Caribbean were followed by algal overgrowth and subsequent collapse of coral reef ecosystems. Unfortunately few tools exist to evaluate echinoderm health making management of mortalities or other health issues problematic. Hematology is often used to assess animal health in many animal groups including invertebrates but is seldom applied to echninoderms. We used a standard gravitometric technique to concentrate fixed ceolomocytes from the collector urchin Tripneustes gratilla onto microscope slides permitting... Categories: Data; Tags: Oahu, Tripneustes gratilla, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Wildlife Disease, biota, All tags... coelomocytes, echinoderms, electron microscopy, hematology, lectins, light microscopy, Fewer tags Data set on reticuloendotheliosis in Hawaiian birds Only one virus, Avipox, has been documented in wild birds in Hawaii. Here, using immunohistochemistry and PCR, we found that two native threatened Hawaiian geese, one with multicentric histiocytoma and another with toxoplasmosis and one Laysan albatross with avian pox were infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV). The virus was isolated from one of the geese by cell culture. PCR surveys of other Hawaiian geese with various pathologies, avian pox cases, and pox viral isolates failed to reveal REV suggesting the virus is uncommon, at least in samples examined. The full genome of the Gag, Pol, and Env genes were sequenced for all three infected birds and revealed geographic divergence of the Pol gene suggesting... Categories: Data; Tags: Hawaiian goose, Hawaiian islands, Laysan albatross, National Wildlife Health Center Honolulu Field Station, Pathology, All tags... USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Wildlife Disease, biota, immunohistochemistry, molecular virology, retrovirus, Fewer tags Mouse predation on Laysan albatross Invasive rodents on islands have adverse impacts on native birds in island ecosystems, and rats are the most common culprits. Recently, house mice (Mus musculus) in the South Atlantic were found preying on three species of albatross chicks. Here, we show that house mice can also prey on nesting adult Laysan albatross (Phoebastrea immutabilis) on Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge (USA). In contrast to mouse attacks on albatross in the South Atlantic where mice targeted the rump and crown of chicks, on Midway, mice targeted nesting adults mainly on the back. For both regions, the outcome was similar with reduced nesting success. In the case of Midway, reduced nesting success was due to nest abandonment or mortality... Categories: Data; Tags: Laysan albatross, Midway Atoll, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), USGS-EMA-LOW-SB SMC: Seabirds, biota, All tags... mice, predation, Fewer tags Expert assessments of hypotheses concerning the etiological agent(s) of Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease collected during a rapid prototyping project This dataset is from expert elicitation of a panel of 15 experts with knowledge of stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) and its impacts on coral reefs. We gathered this group of 15 participants with diverse expertise who had previously studied SCTLD including at universities and various government agencies as microbiologists, pathologists, disease ecologists, population ecologists, and coral experts. Participants represented marine disease experts in Florida, Hawaii, South Carolina, and the US Virgin Islands. We then used a rapid prototyping approach (Runge and Converse, 2017) to elicit, structure, and evaluate existing knowledge regarding the etiology of SCTLD. Our approach began with eliciting hypotheses about... Categories: Data; Tags: Caribbean, Florida, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), United States, Wildlife Disease, All tags... biota, coral reefs, disease ecology, etiology, expert elicitation, hypothesis testing, stony coral tissue loss disease, wildlife disease, Fewer tags Olive ridley necropsy data for Salmonella study Salmonella spp. are frequently shed by wildlife including turtles, but S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium or lesions associated with Salmonella are rare in turtles. Between 1996 and 2016, we necropsied 127 apparently healthy pelagic olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) that died from drowning bycatch in fisheries and 44 live or freshly dead stranded turtles from the west coast of North and Central America and Hawaii. Seven % (9/127) of pelagic and 47% (21/44) of stranded turtles had renal granulomas associated with S. Typhimurium. Stranded animals were 12 times more likely than pelagic animals to have Salmonella-induced nephritis suggesting that Salmonella may have been a contributing cause... Categories: Data; Tags: Olive ridley turtle, Pacific, Salmonella, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Wildlife Disease, All tags... farming, Fewer tags Enumeration of cell types in Aiptasia for purposes of characterizing cytology A need exists for additional methods to examine cnidaria at the cellular level to aid our understanding of health, anatomy, and physiology of this important group of organisms. This need is particularly acute given that disease is emerging as a major factor in declines of ecologically important functional groups such as corals. Here we describe a simple method to process cnidarian cells for microscopic examination using the model organism Aiptasia. We show that this organism has at least 18 cell types or structures that can be readily distinguished based on defined morphological features. Some of these cells can be related back to anatomic features of the animal both at the light microscope and ultrastructural level.... Categories: Data; Tags: Cnidae, Oahu, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Wildlife Biology, Wildlife Disease, All tags... bacterial clusters, biota, clinical pathology, phagocytosis, Fewer tags Data on serology results for green turtles with and without fibropapillomatosis from Hawaii and Florida Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a tumor disease associated with a herpesvirus (Chelonid herpesvirus 5-ChHV5) that affects mainly green turtles globally. Understanding the epidemiology of FP has been hampered by lack of robust serological assays to monitor exposure to ChHV5. This is due in part to inability to efficiently culture the virus in vitro for neutralization assays. Here, we expressed two glycoproteins (FUS4 and FUS8) from ChHV5 using baculovirus. These proteins were immobilized on ELISA plates in their native form, and assayed for reactivity to two types of antibodies, the full length 7S and truncated 5.7S IgY. In Florida, turtles were uniformly seropositive regardless of tumor status. In contrast, in Hawaii,... Categories: Data; Tags: Chelonia mydas, Fibropapilloma, Florida, Hawaii, Herpesvirus, All tags... IgY, Serology, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Wildlife Disease, biota, green turtle, Fewer tags Sea star wasting disease pathology Sea star wasting disease (SSWD) is a suite of poorly described non-specific clinical signs including abnormal posture, epidermal ulceration, and limb autotomy (sloughing) causing mortalities of over 20 species of sea stars and subsequent ecological shifts throughout the northeastern Pacific. While SSWD is widely assumed to be infectious with environmental conditions facilitating disease progression, little data exist on cellular changes associated with disease that could inform mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and host susceptibility. Here, we replicated SSWD by exposing captive Pisaster ochraceus to a suite of non-infectious organic substances and show that development of gross lesions is a basal to surface process... Categories: Data; Tags: Bodega Bay, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Wildlife Disease, biota, clinical pathology, All tags... echinoderms, electron microscopy, histopathology, light microscopy, Fewer tags Data on invasive corallimorphs Palmyra Invasive marine species are well documented but options to manage them are limited. At Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge (Central North Pacific), native invasive corallimorpharians, Rhodactis howesii, have smothered live native corals since 2007. Laboratory and field trials were conducted evaluating two control methods to remove R. howesii overgrowing the benthos at Palmyra Atoll (Palmyra): 1) toothpaste mixed with chlorine, citric acid, or sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and 2) hot water. Paste mixed with NaOH had the most efficacious kill in mesocosm trials and resulted in >90% kill over a 98 m2 area three days after treatment. Hot water at 82C was most effective in mesocosms; in the field hot water was less effective... Categories: Data; Tags: Cnidaria, Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Wildlife Disease, biota, All tags... control, coral reefs, corallimorpharian, reef ecosystems, Fewer tags Viral-like particles are associated with endosymbiont pathology in Florida corals affected by stony coral tissue loss disease Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) was first documented in 2014 near the Port of Miami, Florida, and has since spread north and south along Florida’s Coral Reef, killing large numbers of more than 20 species of coral and leading to the functional extinction of at least one species, Dendrogyra cylindrus. SCTLD is assumed to be caused by bacteria based on presence of different molecular assemblages of bacteria in lesioned compared to apparently healthy tissues, its apparent spread among colonies, and cessation of spread of lesions in individual colonies treated with antibiotics. However, light microscopic examination of tissues of corals affected with SCTLD have not shown bacteria associated with tissue death.... Categories: Data; Tags: Flexiviridae, Florida, Stony coral tissue loss disease, Symbiodiniaceae, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), All tags... Wildlife Disease, biota, endosymbionts, pathogenesis, transmission electron microscopy, Fewer tags