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Chinook Salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) is the largest-sized salmon species in the world and Alaska is a stronghold of self-sustaining populations. Since 2007, Chinook Salmon populations have been returning in fewer numbers to many Alaskan rivers throughout the State. This may be a result of intense fishing, poor ocean survival, and habitat loss and degradation in developing parts of the State, but because declines are so widespread, it could be a marine-derived problem. Scientists are currently working to determine the specific cause.
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Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) is an internationally famous anadromous trout species that can reach weights of 80 lbs. and has been listed as endangered since 2000. In the United States, Atlantic Salmon historically existed as far south as Long Island Sound, although today they are now mostly limited to the Gulf of Maine. These salmon spend their early years in Maine rivers, before migrating into international seas. After one to three years off the coasts of Newfoundland, Labrador, and Greenland, they return to their natal rivers to spawn. The primary threats to Atlantic salmon are reduced migratory passage and increased mortality due to dams and other barriers, inadequate harvest regulations in international waters,...
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The Ozark Shiner (Notropis ozarcanus) requires creeks and small rivers with gravel or rocky bottoms and strong, permanent flow. The Ozark Shiner has disappeared from many stream reaches that are below impoundments and receive cold-water releases. These dams and reservoirs also serve as barriers that prevent colonization of suitable habitat. Increases in turbidity, siltation from land practices, gravel removal operations, and nutrient enrichment from poultry and swine farms are additional threats to this unique minnow species.
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Hawaii is home to several unique freshwater goby species (called o`opu in Hawaiian), most of which are highly adapted and specialized to climb vertical waterfalls to get to spawning habitat. These species are under stress as the result of direct habitat loss from development and water withdrawal along with competition with non-native species and habitat fragmentation from barriers. Similarly, native prawns that are residents of enclosed brackish water bodies. known as anchialine pools, are also under stress from development pressures.
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The Connecticut River is the largest river in New England. It flows 410 miles (660 kilometers) from its source to the Long Island Sound. New Hampshire and Vermont share about two-thirds of the river's length, or 275 miles (443 kilometers). The Connecticut River: is named after the Pequot word “quinetucket,” meaning “long tidal river.” The European corruption of that begat “Connecticut.” provides 70 percent of all the freshwater entering Long Island Sound. The Connecticut River has more than 1,000 dams on its tributaries and 16 dams on its main stem, 12 of which are hydropower projects. Many of these dams are more than 100 years old. The first dinosaur tracks in North America were discovered in Triassic rocks...
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The Ohio River flows through or borders six States and is 981 miles (1,579 kilometers) long, starting at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and ending in Cairo, Illinois, where it flows into the Mississippi River. At the confluence, the Ohio River is considerably bigger than the Mississippi River. More than 25 million people, almost 10 percent of the U.S. population, live in the Ohio River Basin, and it is source of drinking water for more than 3 million people even though many sections do not meet water quality standards for bacteria and pathogens, PCBs, lead, mercury, metals, organics, and other pollutants. There are 20 dams on the Ohio River that are managed by...
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There are over 9,000 dams in the Mid-Atlantic States. The great majority of these dams are small (i.e., less than 15 feet high), old, and obsolete mill dams that are in disrepair. Dams, as well as many poorly designed culverts and road crossings, fragment habitat and stop fish migrations for a range of species. Fish species, such as American Shad, river herring, Atlantic and Shortnose Sturgeon, Rainbow Smelt, American Eel, Striped Bass, and many other fish species must migrate for spawning or require unobstructed access throughout watersheds to complete their life-cycles. Most fish that require migrations in this region have populations that are only a fraction of what they were historically. During 2010 to 2014,...
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Regional industries have contributed significant amounts of oil, metals, and other industrial wastes such as sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and benzene to the Mississippi River. Imperiled waters abound in Missouri and metals such as lead, zinc, and cadmium were historically released into streams from mines in multiple counties, particularly in the old lead mining belts. Over 1,321 miles of Tennessee rivers and streams, 1,507 miles in Kentucky, and 1,493 miles in Arkansas were impaired in 2012 due to release of metals, pesticides, and PCBs. Many chemicals, such as PCBs, have been banned for decades but persist in suspended and bottom sediments of aquatic environments. Poorly treated sewage and wastewater is also...
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Invasive predatory Flathead Catfish are causing population declines of native Redbreast Sunfish and species of Bullhead and Madtom catfishes in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina, along with issues for other migratory species, such as Alewife, Blueback Herring, and American Shad. The Georgia Department of Natural Resources maintains a program to control the population in the Satilla River, and North and South Carolina State fishery agencies have similar efforts and concerns. The Savannah River Basin is home to more than 75 species of rare plants and animals and 110 fish species. There are 18 Federally listed fish species in the Savannah River Basin—five are Federally listed as threatened and 13 are Federally...
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The rivers of the Pacific Coast states are heavily altered by dams and diversions ( over 1,400 dams in California, 1,039 in Oregon, 1,174 in Washington ). The dams generally are used for hydropower generation, irrigation, and transportation, all essential to supporting the region’s extensive agricultural and manufacturing (aluminum, aircraft, shipbuilding) industries. Dams create problems for fish such as salmon and steelhead by interrupting or halting their migration from the Pacific to upstream habitats and killing large numbers of young salmon (smolts) as they move downstream through powerhouses or spillways. Numbers of salmon and steelhead have declined drastically from historic levels, and many populations...
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Dams and other barriers are having a significant effect on fish habitat in the Upper Midwest. More than 3,700 dams have been constructed on Wisconsin’s warm water streams. Similarly, there are 2,500 listed dams in Michigan and likely a similar number that are not in the dam safety database for that state. In the Lake Michigan watershed alone, dams, culverts, and road crossings that impede fish migration have reduced nearly 19,000 miles of accessible stream habitat to only 3,300 miles. With many Great Lakes fish species using tributaries as spawning and nursery habitats, these barriers are a significant factor impairing the full recovery of fish populations in the Great Lakes. Similar fragmentation occurs on other...
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The United States is home to a diverse array of freshwater and marine fish, shellfish, and other aquatic species. More than 3,000 species of fish inhabit America’s streams, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, marshes, swamps, bays, estuaries, coral reefs, seagrass beds, shallow water banks, deep ocean canyons, and other aquatic habitats. The United States is also home to more than 322 million people, 39% of whom live near the coasts and all depending on the same water that fish call home. In 2012, approximately 25 percent of the nation’s acreage was agricultural and 6 percent was developed. However, these and other consequences of human inhabitation affect much broader areas by altering water flow (hydrology), water quality,...
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For more about specific waters and projects the Hawaii Fish Habitat Partnership is working on, please see the following locations: Community-Based Restoration of the Kiholo Estuary-Fishpond Complex, Hawaii – see featured article Waipa Stream, Kauai – see featured article Lower He’eia Stream, Hawai’i Waipa Stream, Hawai’i
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Texas has flown flags for six different nations, which complicates fisheries management in this region. Spain 1519-1685 France 1685-1690 Spain 1690-1821 Mexico 1821-1836 Republic of Texas 1836-1845 United States 1845-1861 Confederate States 1861-1865 United States 1865 to present More land is farmed in Texas than in any other State. Texas has 624 miles (1,024 kilometers) of coastline along the Gulf of Mexico. The Trinity River is 710 miles (1,140 kilometers) long and is the longest river that flows entirely within the State of Texas. Original Federal plans called for building 36 locks and dams from Trinity Bay near Houston to Dallas but only 7 were built. The Brazos River is translated as "The River of the Arms...
map background search result map search result map Habitat Trouble for Ozark Shiner in Central Mississippi River States Habitat Trouble for Chinook Salmon in Alaska Habitat Trouble for Freshwater Goby in Hawai'i Fish Habitat Partnership Activities for Hawaii Facts about Central Midwest States Description of Dams and Other Barriers as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Upper Midwest States Description of Point Source Pollution as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Central Mississippi River States Facts About Northeastern States Facts About Southern Plains States Description of Dams and Diversions Use as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Pacific Coast States Facts About Southeast Atlantic States Description of Dams and other Barriers as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Mid-Atlantic States Habitat Trouble for Atlantic Salmon in the Northeastern States Description of Dams and other Barriers as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Mid-Atlantic States Facts About Southeast Atlantic States Facts About Northeastern States Habitat Trouble for Atlantic Salmon in the Northeastern States Facts about Central Midwest States Habitat Trouble for Ozark Shiner in Central Mississippi River States Description of Point Source Pollution as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Central Mississippi River States Description of Dams and Other Barriers as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Upper Midwest States Description of Dams and Diversions Use as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Pacific Coast States Facts About Southern Plains States Habitat Trouble for Freshwater Goby in Hawai'i Fish Habitat Partnership Activities for Hawaii Habitat Trouble for Chinook Salmon in Alaska