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In areas of low uplift rate on the Pacific Coast of North America, reoccupation of emergent marine terraces by later high-sea stands has been hypothesized to explain the existence of thermally anomalous faunas (mixtures of warm and cool species) of last interglacial age. If uplift rates have been low for much of the Quaternary, it follows that higher (older) terraces should also show evidence of reoccupation. Strontium isotope analyses of fossils from a high-elevation marine terrace on Anacapa Island, California yield a suite of ages ranging from ~2.4-2.3 Ma to ~1.4-1.5 Ma. These results indicate that terrace reoccupation and fossil mixing on Anacapa Island could have taken place over several interglacial periods...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Anacapa Island,
California,
Channel Islands National Park,
Climatology,
Geochemistry,
This dataset contains information on the probabilities of storm-induced erosion (collision, inundation and overwash) for each 100-meter (m) section of the United States Pacific coast for return period storm scenarios. The analysis is based on a storm-impact scaling model that uses observations of beach morphology combined with sophisticated hydrodynamic models to predict how the coast will respond to the hydrodynamic forcing. Storm-induced water levels, due to both surge and waves, are compared to coastal elevations to determine the probabilities of three types of coastal change: collision (dune erosion), overwash, and inundation. Data on morphology (dune crest and toe elevation) and hydrodynamics (storm surge,...
This data release provides flooding extent polygons and flood depth rasters (geotiffs) based on sea-level rise and wave-driven total water levels for the coast of the most populated Hawaiian, Mariana, and American Samoan Islands. Oceanographic, coastal engineering, ecologic, and geospatial data and tools were combined to evaluate the increased risks of storm-induced coastal flooding due to climate change and sea-level rise. We followed risk-based valuation approaches to map flooding due to waves and storm surge at 10 square meter resolution along these islands’ coastlines for annual (1-year), 20-year, and 100-year return-interval storm events and +0.25 m, +0.50 m, +1.00 m, +1.50 m, +2.00 m, and +3.00 m sea-level...
Categories: Data;
Tags: CMHRP,
Climate Change,
Climatology,
Coastal Processes,
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program,
A set of physics-based XBeach Non-hydrostatic hydrodynamic model simulations (with input files here included) were used to evaluate how varying carbonate budgets, and thus coral reef accretion and degradation, affect alongshore variations in wave-driven water levels along the adjacent shoreline of Buck Island Reef National Monument (BUIS) for a number of sea-level rise scenarios, specifically during extreme wave conditions when the risk for coastal flooding and the resulting impact to coastal communities is greatest. These input files accompany the modeling conducted for the following publication: Toth, L.T., Storlazzi, C.D., Kuffner, I.B., Quataert, E., Reyns, J., McCall, R.T., Stathakopoulos, A., Hillis-Starr,...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Bathymetry and Elevation,
CMHRP,
Climatology,
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program,
Ecology,
These data consist of environmental covariates, measured plot-level and tree characteristics for seven coniferous tree species across the southwestern United States. The objectives of the study were to assess how growth characteristics of conifer tree species vary across environmental gradients and across the different tree species. These data represent conifer growth under a variety of stand and site characteristics. These data were collected in the summer of 2019, from sites across Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico and Colorado, and collected by field crews directed by Matt Petrie (University of Nevada Las Vegas), Rob Hubbard (USDA Forest Service), Tom Kolb (Northern Arizona University) and John Bradford (U.S. Geological...
This data release consists of two ESRI geodatabases that store inundation areas for various future scenarios of sea-level rise (SLR), groundwater rise, and storm waves for Laysan Island and Midway Atoll in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Five types of inundation scenarios are considered: (1) passive SLR, (2) passive SLR including groundwater rise, (3) wave-driven inundation during storm events, (4) wave-driven inundation during storm events including groundwater rise, and (5) wave-driven inundation during storm events, assuming unlimited seawater volumes and no infiltration (i.e., theoretical maximum). This scenario applies only to Laysan Island which has topographic depressions that fill with water during flood...
The lateral blast, debris avalanche, and lahars of the May 18th, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, dramatically altered the surrounding landscape. Lava domes were extruded during the subsequent eruptive periods of 1980-1986 and 2004-2008. During 2022, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers contracted the acquisitions of airborne lidar surveys of Mount St. Helens crater and two primary drainages–upper North Fork Toutle River and South Fork Toutle River with GeoTerra, Inc. The U.S. Geological Survey generated a terrain dataset from the classified point cloud with supplied breaklines and modified lake hydro-flattening, then exported a single digital elevation model (DEM) of the ground surface (that is, 'bare earth'),...
The Mammoth Springs (MS) fossil site at Hot Springs, South Dakota, provides a unique opportunity to reconstruct paleoenvironmental conditions. We used luminescence dating on fine sand sized potassium feldspars to establish a chronological framework for the site. In addition, we dated a late Pleistocene paludal proxy site using luminescence and incorporated those results with previous radiocarbon dating. Radiocarbon dating of the MS sinkhole organics suggested that the ages of the sediments that hosted the fossils was ~22-26 ka, while luminescence dating on feldspar grains suggested substantially older ages of ~130-255 ka. Analysis of the equivalent dose dispersion of the luminescence samples showed that the sediments...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Black Hills,
Climatology,
Fall River,
Geochemistry,
Geomorphology,
Beaches are a dynamic interface between water and land and are frequently subjected to a range of natural hazards, which include flooding, storm effects, and coastal erosion. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting a national assessment of coastal change hazards across the Nation. One component of this research effort, the National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project, documents changes in shoreline position as a proxy for coastal change. Shoreline position is one of the most commonly monitored indicators of environmental change and it is an easily understood feature marking the location of a beach through time. A principal component of the USGS national assessment of shoreline change has been to develop...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Climatology,
Geomorphology,
Land Use Change
Rainfall measurements were collected in and near the CZU Lightning Complex Fire (hereafter, "CZU Fire") burn area, Santa Cruz Mountains, California. The CZU Fire ignited in the Santa Cruz Mountains, California, on August 16, 2020. By the time of full containment on September 22, 2020, the fire had burned 350 km2 (86,510 acres) in Santa Cruz and San Mateo Counties. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) installed four rain gages in and near the CZU Fire burn area to measure rainfall during two post-fire wet seasons. The USGS gratefully acknowledges the cooperation of Big Basin Redwoods State Park, the Big Creek Lumber Co., the McCrary family, and Brookdale Lodge in the collection of these data. This data release contains...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: CMHRP,
Climatology,
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program,
Geomorphology,
Hydrology,
We developed the HyCReWW metamodel to predict wave run-up under a wide range of coral reef morphometric and offshore forcing characteristics. Due to the complexity and high dimensionality of the problem, we assumed an idealized one-dimensional reef profile, characterized by seven primary parameters. XBeach Non-Hydrostatic was chosen to create the synthetic dataset and Radial Basis Functions implemented in Matlab were chosen for interpolation. Results demonstrate the applicability of the metamodel to obtain fast and accurate results of wave run-up for a large range of intrinsic coral reef morphologic and extrinsic hydrodynamic forcing parameters, offering a useful tool for risk management and early warning systems....
These datasets support the conclusions in the journal article entitled "Current and future sinkhole susceptibility in karst and pseudokarst areas of the conterminous United States" as described in the abstract below: Sinkholes in karst and pseudokarst regions threaten infrastructure, property, and lives. We mapped closed depressions in karst and pseudokarst regions of the conterminous United States (U.S.) from 10-meter-resolution elevation data using high-performance computing, and then created a heuristic additive model of sinkhole susceptibility that also included nationally consistent data for factors related to geology, soils, precipitation extremes, and development. Maps identify potential sinkhole hotspots...
Data on changing hydrogeomorphic characteristics along river gradients from nontidal through tidal freshwater to oligohaline reaches along the Mattaponi and Pamunkey Rivers, Virginia. Shapefile data include location and elevation profiles of the river valleys along multiple digital cross-sections from lidar digital elevation models, satellite visible imagery, and geographic information system analysis. These data were used to help interpret fundamental changes in regime along rivers as they transition from watersheds into the coastal zone.
In coastal subarctic environments such as the fjords of Southeast Alaska, tidewater glaciers can control local hydrology, climatic patterns, ecology, and geologic hazards like landslides and consequent tsunami waves. Documenting and studying glacial retreat in fjords can help scientists understand the dynamic systems that are intrinsically tied to glacial ice processes and forecast changes in these systems. Detailed inventories of glacial retreat have been produced using satellite images and other remote data spanning back to the mid-1900s. However, compiling data on ice positions from before the availability of remotely sensed data requires the existence of historical observations and surveys; oral or written accounts;...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Climatology,
Ecology,
Geography,
Geomorphology,
Glaciology,
This data release contains mean high water (MHW) shorelines along the coast of California for the years 1998/2002, 2015, and 2016, extracted from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) digital elevation models using ArcGIS. The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) was used to calculate net shoreline movement (NSM) between the pre-El Niño (2015) and post-El Niño (2016) shorelines, as a proxy for sandy shoreline change throughout the El Niño winter season. For a longer-term perspective of background shoreline behavior, end-point rates (EPR) of change were also calculated between the 1998/2002 and the 2016 shorelines.
We have dated a boulder field in Zepp, VA using cosmogenic Be-10 exposure dating. Three samples taken from boulders at three elevations in the boulder field (804 m asl, 818 m asl, and 831 m asl) were processed at the Reston Cosmogenic Nuclide (RECON) Lab and measured via accelerator mass spectrometry at the Purdue Rare Isotope Measurement (PRIME) Lab. The results of this work are summarized in the file “Zepp_Exposure_Beryllium10_Odom.csv”. This file contains all relevant sample location data, as well as input variables for exposure age calculations. We employed the CRONUS v.3 exposure age calculator (Balco et al., 2008) to estimate exposure ages for these samples and report exposure ages derived using the LSDn time-dependent...
These files provide global coverage data describing boundary conditions for various aspects of the physical world representing several chosen times in Earth's history to be used as input data for climate modeling experiments. The raster data sets are provided in NetCDF format which is standard for climate modelling.
Geochronologic and isotopic data for Paleohydrologic history of Pluvial Lake San Agustin, New Mexico
This dataset includes tables of radiocarbon, uranium thorium series, and luminescence geochronologic ages and stable carbon and oxygen isotope compositions for sedimentary and organic samples.
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