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Data includes satellite derived pre-fire functional group cover of annual and perennial herbaceous, shrubs, bareground and litter across four rangeland megafires in the Western US, as well as field estimated invasive annual grass measurements from the 2nd to 3rd years post-fire. Additional landscape and restoration treatment covariates hypothesized to influence post-fire invasive annual grass cover are included.
The spread and impacts of exotic species are unambiguous, global threats to many ecosystems. A prominent example is the suite of annual grasses in the Bromus genus (Bromus hereafter) that originate from Europe and Eurasia but have invaded or are invading large areas of the Western USA. This book brings a diverse, multidisciplinary group of authors together to synthesize current knowledge, research needs, and management implications for Bromus. Exotic plant invasions are multifaceted problems, and understanding and managing them requires the biological, ecological, sociological, and economic perspectives that are integrated in this book. Knowing how well information from one geographic or environmental setting can...
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Sixty-eight monitoring plots within the Browns Park National Wildlife refuge in Northwest Colorado were surveyed in the Summer of 2007 and 2021 for vegetation-community changes after grazing cessation in 1986. Surveys consisted of line-point intercept measurements at 0.5m intervals along three 15-m transects arranged in a spoke around plot center at each plot location.
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Invasive annual grasses (IAGs) present a persistent challenge for the ecological management of rangelands, particularly the imperiled sagebrush biome in western North America. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae), and Ventenata spp. are spreading across sagebrush rangelands and already occupy at least 200,000 kilometers squared (km sq.) of the intermountain west. The loss and degradation of native plant communities caused by IAGs threatens the persistence of sagebrush obligate species such as the Greater Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis). IAGs convert sagebrush landscapes to monocultures of non-native grasslands that substantially increase...
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This dataset provides an estimate of 2015 cheatgrass percent cover in the northern Great Basin at 250 meter spatial resolution. The dataset was generated by integrating eMODIS NDVI satellite data with independent variables that influence cheatgrass germination and growth into a regression-tree model. Individual pixel values range from 0 to 100 with an overall mean value of 9.85 and a standard deviation of 12.78. A mask covers areas not classified as shrub/scrub or grass/herbaceous by the 2001 National Land Cover Database. The mask also covers areas higher than 2000 meters in elevation because cheatgrass is unlikely to exist at more than 2% cover above this threshold. Cheatgrass is an invasive grass that has invaded...
Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) has widely invaded the Great Basin, U.S.A. The sporadic natural phenomenon of complete stand failure (‘die- off’) of this invader may present opportunities to restore native plants. A recent die-off in Nevada was precision-planted with seeds of the native grasses Poa secunda (Sandberg bluegrass) and Elymus elymoides (bottlebrush squirreltail), of both local and nonlocal origin, to ask: 1) Can native species be restored in recent B. tectorum die-offs? And 2) Do local and nonlocal seeds differ in performance? Additionally, we asked how litter removal and water addition affected responses. Although emergence and growth of native seeds was lower in die-off than control plots early in year...
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The introduction of exotic plant species into the western United States has caused substantial changes to rangeland disturbance regimes and ecosystem structure and function. For example, exotic annual grass (EAG) invasion in western rangelands has increased wildfire frequency, which greatly reduces rangeland ecosystem diversity and leads to single-species dominance in many areas. Rangeland monocultures do not provide optimal carbon sequestration and other environmental processes necessary to sustain historically normal ecosystem structure, including the ecological diversity needed to support sagebrush obligates like Greater Sagegrouse, pygmy rabbit, and pronghorn. These obligates, as well as others, require contiguous,...
Invasive-plant treatments often target a single or few species, but many landscapes are diversely invaded. Exotic annual grasses (EAGs) increase wildfires and degrade native perennial plant communities in cold-desert rangelands, and herbicides are thus sprayed to inhibit EAG germination and establishment. We asked how EAG-target and nontarget species responded to an herbicide mixture sprayed over a large, topographically diverse landscape after wildfire. We focused on how whole-community and natural EAG-pathogen treatment responses varied over years and physical properties of sites. We monitored plant cover and diversity in 41 pairs of plots located inside or outside areas (486 ha total) treated with a combined...
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The dataset provides a spatially explicit estimate of 2019 herbaceous annual percent cover predicted on May 1st with an emphasis on annual grasses. The estimate is based on the mean output of two regression-tree models. For one model, we include, as an independent variable amongst other independent variables, a dataset that is the mean of 17-years of annual herbaceous percent cover (https://doi.org/10.5066/F71J98QK). This model's test mean error rate (n = 1670), based on nine different randomizations, equals 4.9% with a standard deviation of +/- 0.15. A second model was developed that did not include the mean of 17-years of annual herbaceous percent cover, and this model's test mean error rate (n = 1670), based...
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This dataset contains biocrust lichen and moss cover at 186 plots at Horse Heaven Hills in Washington, USA. These data were measured by Jeanne Ponzetti in 1999 and remeasured by Heather Root in 2020. In addition to the biocrust data, we include site data such as elevation, location, wildfire history, and cover classes of dominant plants, rock and soil.
On July 14, 2015 speaker Owen Baughman presented on his work in restoring areas of cheatgrass die-off.The phenomenon of complete stand failure (or die-off) of cheatgrass results in the absence of this invasive grass from the invaded site for one or more growing seasons. Our work seeks to determine if this phenomenon represents an opportunity for restoring native species. Results from two experiments at four Northern Nevada sites over three years are demonstrating that seeded native grasses can have higher success in recent die-offs when compared to seedings in sites that did not die-off. These promising findings indicate that restoring native diversity in highly-invaded systems can be facilitated by targeting die-offs...
Bromus species – such as cheatgrass – are exotic annual grasses that have become the dominant annual grasses in the western hemisphere. Their spread and impacts across the western United States continue despite the many attempts by land managers to control these species. A new book edited by scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Forest Service and Colorado State University answers critical research, planning, and management questions about these species. The book synthesizes available literature on the biology, ecology, sociology and economics of Bromus grasses to develop a more complete picture of the factors that influence their invasiveness, impacts, and management in the western United States. Lessons...
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Eighty-one monitoring plots within the Minidoka National Wildlife refuge on the Snake River Plain in south-central Idaho were surveyed in July-August from 2020 to 2023 to evaluate the effects of herbicides on the vegetation-community across areas that varied in both burn history and background cheatgrass abundance. Surveys consisted of line-point intercept measurements along two 6m or 50m transects with 100 points of observation per line. In spring of 2023 "escaped" cheatgrass individuals were counted in each 6x6m herbicide-treated plot.
Invasions by exotic grasses, particularly annuals, rank among the most extensive and intensive ways that humans are contributing to the transformation of the earth’s surface. The problem is particularly notable with a suite of exotic grasses in the Bromus genus in the arid and semiarid regions that dominate the western United States, which extend from the dry basins near the Sierra and Cascade Ranges across the Intermountain Region and Rockies to about 105° longitude. This genus includes approximately 150 species that have a wide range of invasive and non-invasive tendencies in their home ranges and in North America. Bromus species that became invasive upon introduction to North America in the late 1800’s, such...
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This dataset provides a near-real-time estimate of 2019 herbaceous annual cover with an emphasis on annual grass (Boyte and Wylie. 2016. Near-real-time cheatgrass percent cover in the Northern Great Basin, USA, 2015. Rangelands 38:278-284.) This estimate was based on remotely sensed enhanced Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (eMODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data gathered through June 24, 2019. This is the second iteration of an early estimate of herbaceous annual cover for 2019 over the same geographic area. The previous dataset used eMODIS NDVI data gathered through April 28, 2019 (https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZEK5M1). The pixel values for this most recent estimate ranged from 0 to100%...
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We integrated 250-m enhanced Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (eMODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with land cover, biogeophysical (e.g., soils, topography) and climate data into regression-tree software (Cubist®). We integrated this data to create a time series of spatially explicit predictions of herbaceous annual vegetation cover in sagebrush ecosystems, with an emphasis on annual grasses. Annual grass cover in sagebrush ecosystems is highly variable year-to-year because it is strongly dependent on highly variable weather patterns, particularly precipitation timing and totals. Annual grass cover also reflects past disturbances and management decisions. We produced 17 consecutive...
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Data includes functional group cover of exotic annual grasses, deep rooted perennial grasses, and shallow rooted perennial grasses within the first five years after the 2015 Soda Wildfire across different post-fire restoration treatments. Additional landscape and weather covariates hypothesized to influence treatment effectiveness are included.
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Among threats to the sagebrush ecosystem in the Great Basin and elsewhere (BLM 1999, 2002; Nachlinger et al. 2001; Wisdom et al. 2003) is the threat of displacement of native habitats by cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum). Mapping these threats in the sagebrush ecosystem will allow managers to identify areas of native vegetation at high risk of displacement, where active restoration may be required, versus areas at low risk, where conservation of existing habitats may be preferable. A draft model of risk of displacement of sagebrush and other native vegetation cover types by cheatgrass was applied to the 14 ecological provinces that intersect the Great Basin. The model was applied to sagebrush cover and other vegetation...
map background search result map search result map Risk of Cheatgrass Displacement of Sagebrush and other Native Vegetation Near-real-time cheatgrass percent cover in the northern Great Basin, USA--2015 A Time Series of Herbaceous Annual Cover in the Sagebrush Ecosystem Early Estimates of Herbaceous Annual Cover in the Sagebrush Ecosystem (May 1, 2019) Near-real-time Herbaceous Annual Cover in the Sagebrush Ecosystem, USA, July 2019 Post-fire vegetation cover, plant species diversity, and Ustilago bullata infection rates at Boise River Wildlife Management Area 2018-2019 Species distribution model of the invasive annual forb Erodium cicutarium (red-stemmed filaree) in the Mojave Desert Database of invasive annual grass spatial products for the western United States January 2010 to February 2021 Vegetation and soil cover data for long-term monitoring plots within Browns Park National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado, USA Biological soil crust and vascular plant data from Horse Heaven Hills, Washington, measured in 1999 and remeasured in 2020 Cover of exotic annual and perennial grasses across post-fire restoration treatments on the Soda Wildfire Pre-fire satellite derived and field calculated functional cover across Great Basin megafires Cover, basal diameter, height, and density of deep-rooted perennial grasses, and cover of exotic annual grasses and Poa secunda over the first five years following post-fire drill-seeding on the Soda Wildfire Vegetation and soil cover data in response to indaziflam and imazapic herbicide applications within Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge, Idaho, USA Vegetation and soil cover data for long-term monitoring plots within Browns Park National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado, USA Post-fire vegetation cover, plant species diversity, and Ustilago bullata infection rates at Boise River Wildlife Management Area 2018-2019 Cover of exotic annual and perennial grasses across post-fire restoration treatments on the Soda Wildfire Cover, basal diameter, height, and density of deep-rooted perennial grasses, and cover of exotic annual grasses and Poa secunda over the first five years following post-fire drill-seeding on the Soda Wildfire Pre-fire satellite derived and field calculated functional cover across Great Basin megafires Species distribution model of the invasive annual forb Erodium cicutarium (red-stemmed filaree) in the Mojave Desert Near-real-time cheatgrass percent cover in the northern Great Basin, USA--2015 A Time Series of Herbaceous Annual Cover in the Sagebrush Ecosystem Early Estimates of Herbaceous Annual Cover in the Sagebrush Ecosystem (May 1, 2019) Near-real-time Herbaceous Annual Cover in the Sagebrush Ecosystem, USA, July 2019 Risk of Cheatgrass Displacement of Sagebrush and other Native Vegetation Database of invasive annual grass spatial products for the western United States January 2010 to February 2021