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Reliance on oil as an energy source for private transportation produces increasingly unfavorable social, political and environmental conditions including climate change, dependence on foreign oil, and the need for difficult choices between oil production and protection of biological systems. At the same time, the population is increasingly sedentary due largely to our reliance on the automobile for transportation. Adoption and maintenance of healthy weights and healthier lifestyles by substituting walking or biking for short trips currently taken by car could simultaneously improve health and reduce oil consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. We calculate the reduction in oil consumption and carbon dioxide emissions...
Reliance on oil as an energy source for private transportation produces increasingly unfavorable social, political and environmental conditions including climate change, dependence on foreign oil, and the need for difficult choices between oil production and protection of biological systems. At the same time, the population is increasingly sedentary due largely to our reliance on the automobile for transportation. Adoption and maintenance of healthy weights and healthier lifestyles by substituting walking or biking for short trips currently taken by car could simultaneously improve health and reduce oil consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. We calculate the reduction in oil consumption and carbon dioxide emissions...
We developed ecological indicators of stream macroinvertebrates in two regions of the Midwestern USA dominated by row-crop agriculture. Indicators were identified in a hierarchical fashion. Reach-scale variables related to macroinvertebrate attributes were first identified, and then catchment-scale variables related to those reach-scale variables were identified. Reach-scale indicators common to both regions were % fine sediments, number of habitats, and width:depth ratio. SD of elevation and % commercial land use were selected as catchment-scale indicators in both regions. Our analyses revealed a multi-scale mechanistic relationship between macroinvertebrate attributes associated with degraded conditions (i.e.,...